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• Main Deck
  • The (Main) Deck must be 40 to 60 cards^[1].
  • You can only have up to 3 copies of the same card in your Deck, Extra Deck and Side Deck combined^[1].
• Extra Deck
  Deck consists of Xyz Monsters, Synchro Monsters, Fusion Monsters and Link Monster which can be used during the game if you meet certain requirements^[1].
  • You can have up to 15 cards in the Extra Deck^[1].
  • The Extra Deck can contain Xyz Monsters, Synchro Monsters, Fusion Monsters and Link Monsters in any combination^[1].
  • These cards are not counted towards the 40-card minimum limit your Main Deck^[1].
• Side Deck
  This is a separate Deck of cards you can use to change your Deck during a Match. After each Duel in a Match, you can swap any card from your Side Deck with a card from your Deck and/or Extra Deck to customize your strategy against your opponent^[1].
  • The number of cards in your Side Decks must not exceed 15^[1].
  • The number of cards in your Side Deck before and after you swap any cards must be exactly the same^[1].
  • You can include Fusion, Synchro, Xyz and Link Monsters in your Side Deck. Note that in between each Duel, if you want to use a Fusion, Synchro, Xyz or Link Monster from your Side Deck, you must switch it in for another Extra Deck card. You cannot switch it in for a Main Deck card^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 2
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Can Side Deck include Fusion, Synchro, Xyz or Link Monsters?

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The Game Mat helps you organize your cards during a Duel. When you use your cards you place them on the Game Mat. Different kinds of cards are placed in different Zones.

1. Main Monster Zone
2. Spell & Trap Zone and Pendulum Zone
3. Graveyard (GY)
4. Deck
5. Field Zone
6. Extra Deck
7. Extra Monster Zone

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 3-5

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If an effect says "the field", it refers one of the following locations:

• Main Monster Zones
• Extra Monster Zones
• Spell & Trap Zones
• Pendulum Zones
• Field Zones

If an effect simply says "card(s) on the field" without specifying yours or the opponent's, the effect can affect both player's Main Monster Zones, Extra Monster Zones, Spell & Trap Zones, Field Zones and Pendulum Zones.

If an effect simply says "Monster Zones" without specifying Main or Extra Monster Zones, it affects both Main Monster Zones and Extra Monster Zones.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 44

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This is where you put your monsters when they're played^[1].

• You can have up to 5 cards here^[1].
• There are 3 ways to position your Monster Cards:
  1. Face-up Attack Position
  2. Face-up Defense Position
  3. Face-down Defense Position
  Place the card upright for Attack Position, and sideways for Defense Position^[1].
• If Spell or Trap Cards are placed in a Main Monster Zone by some effect or resolution, they are treated as monsters. If that effect says "(This card is also still a Trap Card.)", the Trap Card placed in a Monster Zone is treated as a Monster and a Trap Card^[2].
• A monster placed in a Monster Zone cannot be moved to a different Monster Zone unless by an effect^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 3-5
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 45

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This is where you put your monsters that are Summoned to the field by special methods from the Extra Deck^[1].

• Normally, each player can only use 1 of these Zones. A monster placed in this Zone does not count towards the 5-monster limit of your Main Monster Zone^[2].
• Fusion, Synchro, and Xyz Monsters can be first Summoned from the Extra Deck to any of your Main Monster Zones. They do not have to be Summoned to the Extra Monster Zone or a spot that a Link Monster is pointing to. You can still Summon a Fusion/Synchro/Xyz Monster from the Extra Deck to your Extra Monster Zone if you want to, though^[2].
• The restrictions requiring an Extra Monster Zone or Link Monster pointing still apply to Link Monsters and Pendulum Monsters that are Summoned from the Extra Deck^[2].
• An Extra Monster Deck Zone in which no monster has been placed is not treated as either yours or the opponent's. Only if a monster is placed in a zone, that zone is treated as being a zone of the controller of that monster^[3].
• Monsters that are not Special Summoned from the Extra Deck cannot be placed in the Extra Monster Zone^[3].
• An Extra Monster Zone in which a monster has been placed is also treated as a Monster Zone of the controller of that monster^[3].
• Monsters placed in the Extra Monster Zone cannot be moved to another zone unless an effect or resolution is applied^[3].
• If a monster that has been Special Summoned from the Extra Deck into the Extra Monster Zone is later sent to the Graveyard or banished and later would be Special Summoned, it is not Special Summoned to the Extra Monster Zone and is Special Summoned into a Main Monster zone instead^[3].
• The other Extra Monster Zone from the point of view of each Extra Monster Zone is not treated as "the adjacent zone"^[3].
• If control of a monster in the Extra Monster Zone changes:
  • If control of a monster placed in an Extra Monster Zone switches to the other player's field, it is placed in an available Main Monster Zone of the player who gained control^[3].
  • If control of a monster that was transfered to the opponent from an Extra Monster Zone returns, it is not placed in the original Extra Monster Zone, and it is placed in an available Main Monster Zone of the player who regained control. If there is no available Main Monster Zone, that monster is destroyed and sent to the Graveyard^[3].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 3-5
2. Official KONAMI's 2021 rules update
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 50-51

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This is where you put Spell & Trap Cards^[1].

• You can have up to 5 cards here^[1].
• You place them here face-up to activate them, or place them face-down^[1].
• A card placed in a Spell & Trap Zone cannot be moved to a different Spell & Trap Zone, unless by an effect^[2].
• Since Field Spell Cards can only be placed in the Field Zone, they cannot be placed in the Spell & Trap Zone^[2].
• If a Monster Card is placed in the Spell & Trap Zone by some effect or resolution, it is treated as a Spell Card^[2].
• Pendulum Monster Cards can be activated in the leftmost and rightmost Zones as Spells. This causes the Zone you use to also become a Pendulum Zone for as long as the Pendulum Monster Card is there^[1].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 3-5
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 45

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This is the place where Pendulum Monsters activated as Spell Cards are placed in. The left-most and right-most of the 5 Spell & Trap Zones on the field are also treated as Pendulum Zones. However, they are only treated as Pendulum Zones as long as there is a Pendulum Monster in them that has been activated from the hand as a Spell Card on that has been placed in them by an effect that places cards in the Pendulum Zone. Furthermore, Pendulum Monsters placed here through these methods are treated as "cards in the Pendulum Zone(s)".

• The only places in which Pendulum Monsters can be activated as Spell Cards from the hand or placed by an effect that places cards in a Pendulum Zone are the left-most and right-most of the 5 Spell & Trap Zones on the field.
• New cards cannot be placed in a Pendulum Zone that already has a card placed on it.
• Pendulum Monsters placed in the Pendulum Zone are not treated as monsters and are treated as Spell Cards, as well as cards in the Spell & Trap Zone. But they are still "Monster Cards".
• Only the Pendulum Monster cards that have been placed in a Pendulum Zone by being activated from the hand as Spell Cards or placed there by an effect that places cards in the Pendulum Zone are treated as "cards in the Pendulum Zone". Examples:
  • A Pendulum Monster treated as an Equip Card by an effect like the effect of "Relinquished" that says which is placed in a Pendulum Zone is not treated as "a card in the Pendulum Zone". Therefore, its Pendulum Effects cannot be used and a Pendulum Summon cannot be performed.
  • Effects like "Wavering Eyes" that "destroy all cards in the Pendulum Zones" cannot destroy Pendulum Monsters that have been placed in the Pendulum Zones by methods other than being activated from the hand as a Spell Card or by being placed there by a card effect that places cards in the Pendulum Zone.
  • If an Effect like the effect of "Acrobatic Magician" which says "When this card is destroyed by battle: You can place this card in your Pendulum Zone" places a card from outside the Pendulum Zone into a Pendulum Zone, it can place a card in either the left-most or right-most of the 5 Spell & Trap Zones that is available. If a card is placed by this method, that zone is also treated as a Pendulum Zone, and the card placed there is also treated as "a card in the Pendulum Zone".

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 48-49

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Special Spell Cards called Field Spell Cards are played here (activated face-up or set face-down)^[1].

• Each player can have 1 Field Spell Card on their own side of the field^[1].
• To use another Field Spell, send your previous one to the Graveyard^[1].
• Field Spell Cards do not count towards the 5-card limit of your Spell & Trap Zone^[1]: they are not treated as cards in the Spell & Trap Zone^[2]. Examples:
  • The effect of "Treeborn Frog" that can be activated if "You must control no Spell/Trap Cards to activate and to resolve this effect." cannot be activated if there is a Field Spell Card^[2].
  • The effect of "Snow Plow Hustle Rustle" that says "When your opponent's monster declares a direct attack, if you control a card(s) in your Spell & Trap Card Zone:" cannot be activated if the only Spell & Trap Cards you control are in your Field Zone^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 3-5
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 47

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When Monster Cards are destroyed, and when Spell & Trap Cards are used, they're sent face-up to this space^[1].

• The contents of both players' Graveyards are public knowledge: you and your opponent can look through both at any time during the Duel^[1].
• The order of the cards in the Graveyard should not be changed^[1].
• Graveyard is shortened in the card text to "GY"^[1].
• If multiple cards are sent to the Graveyard simultaneously, it is the owner of those cards that decides the order in which they are placed in the Graveyard, regardless of the controller of the effect^[2][3].
• If cards are sent to the Graveyard, they are always sent to the owner's Graveyard^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 3-5
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 46
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: If multiple cards are sent to the Graveyard at the same time, in which order are those cards sent to the Graveyard?

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Your Deck is placed face-down in this space^[1].

• You draw cards from here to add to your hand^[1].
• If a card effect requires you to reveal cards from your Deck, or look through it, shuffle it and put it back in this space afterwards^[1].
• The cards in your Main Deck are always private. Aside from effects that let you search cards in the Deck like "add a card from the Deck to the hand" or "Special Summon a monster from the Deck", the order and information of cards in the Deck cannot be verified by either player^[2].
• The number of cards in the Main Deck is public knowledge. Both players can always verify the number of cards in the Deck^[2].
• If an effect that searches cards in the Deck is resolved, the Main Deck must always be shuffled after resolving that effect^[2].
• If an effect only says "Deck", without specifying yours or the opponent's, that effect can only affect your Deck^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 3-5
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 42

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Place your Extra Deck face-down in this space^[1].

• You can look at the cards in your own Extra Deck during the game^[1].
• During a Duel, Extra Deck Monsters may be Summoned to the field from here using special methods^[1].
• The face-down cards in the Extra Deck are private to the opponent^[2].
• The number of cards in the Extra Deck is public knowledge. Both players can always verify the number of cards in both Extra Decks^[2].

Regarding Pendulum Monster Cards:

• Pendulum Monster Cards that would be sent from the field to the Graveyard are placed face-up here^[1].
• The Pendulum Monsters that were added to the Extra Deck face-up are public knowledge. Both players can always verify the face-up cards in both Extra Decks^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 3-5
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 47

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Players hold the cards they draw from the Deck or otherwise during the Duel as a hand.

• The cards in the hand are private information to the opponent.
• Cards in the hand do not have an order.
• The number of cards in the hand is public knowledge. Both players can always verify the number of cards in the hand.
• If the turn player has 7 or more cards in their hand, that player must discard cards from their hand to the Graveyard until they have 6 cards when the End Phase ends. Cards discarded by this resolution are not treated as being discarded by a card effect.
• In most cases if an effect that says "send cards from the hand to the Graveyard" or "Special Summon from the hand" does not specify yours or the opponent's, the effect can only affect cards in your hand.
• If a monster effect in the hand is activated, the activation is declared by showing that card to the opponent.
• If a card is revealed to the hand to the opponent by a particular effect, the card in the hand becomes public knowledge. If the effect that revealed the card is no longer applied, that card becomes private.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 52

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Cards that are banished from play by card effects are placed outside of the Dueling Field.

• Banished cards are not placed in any appointed Zone of the Dueling Field, but the cards of each player must be placed in one place in which they can be distinguished.
• In most cases, if it is not specified that cards are banished face-up or face-down, they are banished face-up. The information of cards banished face-up and the number of banished cards is public knowledge. Both players can always verify the information of face-up banished cards, as well as the total number of cards that are banished face-up and face-down.
• In most cases, banished cards are treated as cards from their owner. However, if a card is banished temporarily and later returned to the field with cards like "Farfa, Malebranche of the Burning Abyss", they are treated as cards from their owner while they are banished, but when they are returned to the field, they are returned to their controller before they were banished. Also, when a card that is banished temporarily from the Extra Monster Zone returns, it is returned to a Main Monster Zone of the previous controller. At that time, if there are no available Main Monster Zones, it does not return to the field and it is sent to the Graveyard.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 53

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Cards banished by an effect that says "banish face-down" are banished face-down^[1].

• Face-down banished cards are private information, in most cases only the owner can verify them^[1].
• Face-down banished cards cannot activate their effects^[2].

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 53
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Face-down banished cards cannot activate their effects

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This is the card's name. When a card name is mentioned in card text it appears in quotations.

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 6-7

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Count the number of stars here to find out the monster's Level. For Xyz Monsters, the number of stars is the Rank of the monster, and is on left^[1].

• Xyz Monsters and Link Monsters do not have a Level^[2].
• Monsters that are not Xyz Monsters do not have a Rank^[2].
• If the Level/Rank of a monster is changed by a card effect, the Level/Rank of that card is only treated as the modified value. No single card is treated as having 2 or more Level/Ranks simultaneously. Also, the modified Level/Rank is not treated as the original Level/Rank^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 6-7
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 58

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Every monster has an Attribute. This Attribute is sometimes important for card effects^[1].

• If the Attribute is changed by another card effect, the card is only treated as having the modified Attribute^[2].
• If a card says "this card is also [X]-Attribute", its Attribute is treated as being of that Attribute by the card effect in addition to its original Attribute, as long as it remains face-up on the field. However, the appended Attribute is not treated as the original Attribute^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 6-7
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 58

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Monsters are divided into various Types. Some monsters with specific abilities will have additional information here too, next to their Type^[1].

• The text that says [X]-Type on the top-left of the Monster Information is the Type of that monster^[2].
• If the Type changes by a card effect, the Type of that card is only treated as that Type. No single card is treated as having 2 or more Types simultaneously. Also, the modified Type is not treated as the original Type^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 6-7
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 58

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A card's identification number is found here. This number is useful for collecting, and for sorting your collection.

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 6-7

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ATK is a monster's Attack Points and DEF is a monster's Defense Points^[1].

• If an effect references "the original ATK or DEF", it references the values written in the card. However, if "the original ATK or DEF" is modified by a card effect, the modified value is treated as that card's original ATK or DEF^[2].
• If the ATK or DEF of a monster outside the field is referenced, the written ATK or DEF in the card is referenced^[2].
• Link Monsters only have ATK, they do not have DEF^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 6-7
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 60

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Monsters with "?" ATK or DEF values are monsters that modify those values by their own effects^[1].

• When the values cannot be modified by their own effects, those values are treated as 0 when those monsters are on the field^[1].
• When a monster with "?" values is in the Deck or Graveyard, those values are treated as undefined and they cannot be chosen for effects that choose monsters that have a particular ATK or DEF^[1].
  Example

  You cannot add "The Wicked Avatar", or any other monster with an indeterminate ATK value of "?" written on the card, from your Deck to your hand using "Sangan"'s effect^[3].

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• If an effect that doubles the ATK or DEF is applied on a monster with ? ATK, the original ATK value is treated as 0^[2].
  Example

  If a "Gogogo Golem - Golden Form" that had its ATK become 4000 is targeted to activate "Shrink", since the original ATK of "Gogogo Golem - Golden Form" is ?, its ATK becomes 0.

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References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 60
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 160
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Sangan" and "?" ATK

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Card effects are written here, describing the monster's special abilities and how to use them. Normally, the effects of monsters cannot be used while they are Set face-down on the field. Yellow Normal Monster Cards do not have effects, and have a description of them written here that does not affect the game.

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 6-7

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These are basic Monster Cards without special abilities. Many Normal Monsters have higher Attack Points and Defense Points than Effect Monsters, instead of having special abilities.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 8

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	An Effect Monster is a monster that has special abilities. The effects of these monsters are split into four categories: Continuous Effect Ignition Effect Quick Effect Trigger Effect (including Flip)
Continuous Effect	This effect is active while the Effect Monster Card is face-up on the field. The effect starts when the face-up monster appears on the field, and ends once that monster is gone or is no longer face-up; there is no trigger for its activation. Example: "Monsters with 2000 or less ATK cannot declare an attack"
Ignition Effect	You use this type of effect just by declaring its activation during your Main Phase. There are some Ignition Effects that have a cost to activate, like discarding cards from your hand, Tributing a monster, or paying LP. Example: "You can Tribute this card, then target 1 monster on the field; destroy that target"
Quick Effect	These are special monster effects that you can activate even during your opponent's turn. These types of effects have a Spell Speed of 2, even though all other monster effects have a Spell Speed of 1. Example: "When an effect is activated (Quick Effect): You can target 1 monster in your GY; Special Summon it."
Trigger Effect	These effects are activated at specific times, such as "during the Standby Phase" or "when this monster is destroyed". Example: "When this card is destroyed by battle and sent to the GY: Target 1 card on the field; destroy that target."
Flip Effect	Flip effect is a part of the Trigger Effect. This is an effect that is activated when a face-down card is flipped face-up. This can happen when it is Flip Summoned, attacked while face-down, or flipped face-up by a card effect. These effects start with the word "FLIP:" on the card. Example: "FLIP: Draw 1 card."

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 9-11

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The text written to the right of the Type is that monster's Summoning Method and its Abilities.

• If that monster has a particular Special Summoning method, that monster will have the corresponding "Fusion", "Ritual", "Synchro", "Xyz" or "Link" descriptor.
• If that monster has a particular Ability, that monster will have the corresponding "Flip", "Toon", "Spirit", "Union" or "Gemini" descriptor.
• Monsters that read "Tuner" or "Pendulum" belong to those Types of monsters.
• Monsters that read "Normal" are Normal Monsters
• Monsters that read "Effect" are Effect Monsters.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 60

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These are Effect Monster Cards that have a Trigger Effect that activates upon being flipped face-up, which is called a Flip effect: "FLIP: [effect]" A few exceptional Flip monsters do not have such an effect, but instead have other effects that apply after being flipped face-up.

• Flip effects are Trigger effects^[1].
• Flip effects in the damage step activates after damage calculation^[2].

Effect interactions

• Can only control 1: "Rivalry of Warlords"/"Gozen Match" like
  If a monster was flipped face-up during the Damage Step and "Rivalry of Warlords"/"Gozen Match" is still active, if that monster has a Attribute/Type that conflicts with another monster already face-up on the field, the flipped monster will immediately be sent to the Graveyard at this point (After damage calculation), and Flip Effects will not activate^[3].
• Reveal
  Revealing a card does not activate its Flip effects^[4].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 9-11
2. Official KONAMI's damage step rules
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Rivalry of Warlords" and face-down monsters
4. Official rulebook page 55

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Most (not all) Toon monsters can't attack the turn they are Summoned and can, while you control "Toon World" and your opponent controls no Toon monsters, attack your opponent directly: "Cannot attack the turn it is Summoned. While you control "Toon World" and your opponent controls no Toon monsters, this card can attack directly."

References:

1. Yugipedia

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These are Effect Monster Cards that cannot be Special Summoned, and have an effect that returns them to the hand during the End Phase of the turn they are Normal Summoned or flipped face-up: "Cannot be Special Summoned. Once per turn, during the End Phase, if this card was Normal Summoned or flipped face-up this turn: Return this card to the hand."

References:

1. Yugipedia

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These are Effect Monster Cards that have an effect that allows them to equip themselves to a monster as an Equip Card or unequip themselves to Special Summon themselves to a Monster Zone: "Once per turn, you can either: Target 1 [X] monster you control; equip this card to that target, OR: Unequip this card and Special Summon it."

• If a Monster Card is equipped to another monster, it remains equipped to that monster and cannot be moved to a different target, even by card effects that would normally be able to do so^[1].
  EXCEPTION: Union monsters equipped by their own effects can be moved by appropriate card effects^[1].

Effect interactions

• Change to Face-down Defense Position
  You activate the effect of an Union Monster (1) that targets another monster (2) on your field and equips to it. If an effect (3) is chained that changes (1) to face-down Defense Position, when resolving the effect of (1), the effect is not applied (the face-down Defense Position (1) remains in the Monster Zone)^[2].
  Example

  You activate the effect of "Heavy Mech Support Armor" that equips it to a Machine-Type monster on my field, targeting "XYZ-Dragon Cannon". If "Book of Moon" is chained, and "Heavy Mech Support Armor" itself is changed to face-down Defense Position, when resolving the effect of "Heavy Mech Support Armor", if it has been changed to face-down Defense Position, the effect is not applied (the face-down Defense Position "Heavy Mech Support Armor" remains in the Monster Zone).

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• Negate Effects
  If the effects of an Equip Card equipped to a monster are negated, the effects are negated but it remains on the field equipped to the equipped monster^[3].
  Example

  While the Union monster "Armored Cybern" is equipped to a monster, if the effect of "Silent Swordsman LV7" that says "Negate all Spell effects on the field." is applied, the effects of "Armored Cybern" are negated but it stays equipped to the equipped monster.

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References:

1. Official rulebook page 53
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Heavy Mech Support Armor", "Book of Moon"
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 165-166

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These are Effect Monster Cards that are treated as Normal Monsters with no usable effects when first placed on the field, but can gain usable effects if they are Normal Summoned while already face-up on the field: "This card is treated as a Normal Monster while face-up on the field/in the GY/... . While this card is a Normal Monster on the field, you can Normal Summon it to have it become an Effect Monster with this effect. ● [effect]"

• "Normal Summon it to have it become an Effect Monster" means Normal Summoning a monster that exists on the field once again. This can only be performed once per turn including other Normal Summons during that turn^[1]. This action is still a Normal Summon^[2].
  Example

  "Contract with Don Thousand" is face-up on your opponent's field, and its effect that reveals cards that are drawn while it is face-up is applying. If you are revealing a Spell Card in your hand due to that effect, so that you cannot Normal Summon/Set monsters, you cannot Normal Summon a Gemini monster treated as a Normal Monster to have it become an Effect Monster.

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• If the effect that says "This card is treated as a Normal Monster while face-up on the field or in the Graveyard" is being applied, that monster is treated as a Normal Monster^[1].
• If a Level 5 or higher Gemini monster on the field is Normal Summoned once again, it is not necessary to Tribute monsters^[1].
• A Gemini monster that is Summoned again and gains effects is treated as an Effect Monster^[1].
• If a Gemini monster that has been Summoned again and is treated as an Effect Monster leaves the field, it is not treated as having been Summoned once again^[1].
• If a Gemini monster is Summoned again by being equipped with an Equip Card or by an effect applied on the field, it remains Summoned once again as long as that Equip Card is not destroyed and remains equipped or as long as the effect keeps applying^[1].

Effect interactions

• Banish until (temporarily banish a card)
  A Gemini Monster that has been normal summoned again and gained its effects, if banished temporarily and subsequently returned to the field, it is treated as a Normal Monster again and its gained effect is no longer applied^[3].
  Example

  "Elemental HERO Neos Alius" is then Normal Summoned again so that its effect that treats its name as "Elemental HERO Neos" is applying. Afterward, "Elemental HERO Neos Alius" is banished by the effect of "Interdimensional Matter Transporter", and then returned to the field during the End Phase. In this scenario, it is treated as a Normal Monster again and its effect that treats its name as "Elemental HERO Neos" is no longer applied. Even in this case, "Elemental HERO Neos Alius" is still treated as a Normal Summoned monster, and so it can be equipped with cards like "Bashing Shield".

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• Cannot summon: Summon restrictions
  Summoning a Gemini monster from the Graveyard is treated as summoning a normal monster, even if it will gain its effects on the moment its summon is successful: if an effect is applying that prevents Effect monsters to be summoned, you can still Special Summon a Gemini monster from the Graveyard^[4].
  Example

  Even if the effect of "Heat Wave" is applying, you can activate the effect of "Blazewing Butterfly" to Special Summon a Gemini monster from your Graveyard. The targeted monster will be Special Summoned and treated as an Effect Monster as usual.

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• Negate Effects
  
  • Gemini monsters which are treated as Normal Monsters by their "This card is treated as a Normal Monster while face-up on the field or in the Graveyard." effect are also monsters to which the "its effects are negated" effect can be applied^[5].
• If a Gemini monster has its effects negated, it also cannot be Normal Summoned again^[6].
• If a Gemini monster treated as a Normal Monster has its effects negated, the effect that says "This card is treated as a Normal Monster while face-up on the field or in the Graveyard" is negated and it is treated as an Effect Monster^[1].
• If a Gemini monster treated as an Effect Monster has its effects negated, the effects after the "•" are negated and it is treated as an Effect Monster^[1].
  Example

  A Gemini monster that is attacked and destroyed in battle by "Dark Ruler Ha Des" has its effects negated by the effect of "Dark Ruler Ha Des" that says "Negate the effects of monsters destroyed by battle with Fiend-Type monsters you control", and it is treated as an Effect Monster as long as it is in the Graveyard.

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• Negate Summons
  When a Gemini monster on the field is Normal Summoned once again, cards that negate that Normal Summon can be activated. A Gemini monster that has its Summon negated is not treated as being destroyed and sent to the Graveyard from the hand or field^[1].
• Properties Changing: Copy effect continuous/lingering
  If the effects of a Gemini Monster (1) are gained by a Monster (2) that has an effect that gains effects, (2) will be treated as a Normal Monster, but can be Normal Summoned again to gain the listed effect of (1)^[7].
  Example

  If you activate "Neo-Spacian Dark Panther"'s effect by targeting a Gemini monster such as "Chthonian Emperor Dragon", "Neo-Spacian Dark Panther" will gain the effects of the targeted Gemini monster. As a result, it will be treated as a Normal Monster, but can be Normal Summoned again to gain the listed effect.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 166-167
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Contract with Don Thousand" and Gemini monsters
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment and Normal-Summoned-Again status
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Blazewing Butterfly", "Heat Wave"
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation legality for effect negation
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Normal Summoning a negated Gemini Monster
7. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Neo-Spacian Dark Panther", "Chthonian Emperor Dragon"

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Ritual Monsters are special monsters that are Special Summoned with a specific Ritual Spell Card, along with a required Tribute. Ritual Monster Cards are placed in the Main Deck and cannot be Summoned unless you have all the proper cards together in your hand or on the field[1].

How to ritual Summon[1] When you have a Ritual Spell Card, along with the matching Ritual Monster Card, in your hand, along with the required Tribute (as listed on the Ritual Spell Card), you can activate the Ritual Spell Card, placing it in the Spell & Trap Zone. If the activation of the Ritual Spell Card is successful, Tribute monsters by sending them from your hand or the field to the Graveyard. The Ritual Spell Card will list the required amount to Tribute. After sending the Tributed monsters to the Graveyard, play the Ritual Monster Card in your Main Monster Zone in either face-up Attack or Defense Position. Finally, place the Ritual Spell Card in the Graveyard. If monsters on the field are Tributed, face-down monsters can also be tributed[2]. The Ritual Summon is performed as the resolution of the effect of the Ritual Spell Card. As a result, when a Ritual Spell Card is activated and the resolution is entered, cards cannot be activated until the Ritual Summon is successful[2]. Example "Nekroz Mirror" was activated, during the resolution of that, Effect Monsters were Tributed and afterwards, "Nekroz of Clausolas" was Ritual Summoned. Since the Ritual Summon has already been performed by the time the resolution ends, the opponent cannot activate cards like "Grand Horn of Heaven" to negate the Ritual Summon.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 23
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 85

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Tributes for a ritual are sent to the Graveyard as a result of the effect of the Ritual Spell Card.

• If the activation of the Ritual Spell Card is negated, since the resolution is not performed, the Tributing is not performed either.
• Unless stated otherwise, you can only Tribute monsters in your posssession.
• If the Ritual Spell says "whose total Levels equal [X]", you must Tribute monsters so that the sum of the Level matches that value exactly. Also, if "whose total Levels equal [X] or more" is written, the sum does not need to be exactly equal as long as it is equal or more.
• The number of Tributed monsters cannot be higher than necessary.
  Example

  If "Prediction Ritual" is activated and its effect that says "You must also Tribute monsters from your hand or field whose total Levels equal 9 or more" resolves, you cannot Tribute a Level 9 and a Level 2 monster, as the Levels already add up to 9 or more with only 1 monster. You can Tribute a Level 5 and a Level 6 monster.

  ---

• Monster Tokens on the field can also be Tributed. In that case, Tokens that would be sent to the Graveyard are removed from the Duel.
• Since Xyz Monsters and Link Monsters do not have a Level, they cannot be used for the tributes of a Ritual Summon.
• Trap Cards treated as monsters on the field can also be tributed. In that case, the Tributed Trap Cards are sent to the Graveyard.
• The Tributes for the Ritual Summon are Tributed by an effect, but afterwards the Ritual Summon is performed. For that reason, optional Trigger Effects that read "when it is sent to the Graveyard, you can do [effect]" that can be activated in that timing cannot be activated during that procedure.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 86

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When activating a card (1) that has an effect that performs a Ritual Summon from the Graveyard for example, a valid Ritual Monster (2) must be present in the Graveyard. If you tribute a Ritual Monster (3) so that it meets the requirements to Summon (2) from the Graveyard, if (3) will be sent to the Graveyard as a result and (3) is also a valid target that can be Summoned with (1), you cannot Summon (3) from the Graveyard.

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Revendread Origin", "Revendread Slayer"
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Nekroz Cycle", "Nekroz of Clausolas"

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Fusion Monsters placed in your Extra Deck (not in your Main Deck). They are Summoned by using the specific monsters listed on the card (called Fusion Materials) combined with a Summoning card like "Polymerization"[1]. If a Fusion Monster on the field or Graveyard or a Fusion Monster Card that is banished would be returned to the hand or Deck by a card effect, that monster is returned to the owner's Extra Deck[2]. After a properly Fusion Summoned Fusion Monster is sent to the Graveyard or banished, if it is Special Summoned from the Graveyard or from being Banished, it can be placed in any of your available Main Monster Zones[3].

How to fusion Summon[1] If you have all the Fusion Materials listed on the Fusion Monster Card, in the places specified on your Summoning card, you can activate your Summoning card by placing it in your Spell & Trap Zone. Send the Fusion Materials to the Graveyard, then take the appropriate Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck and play it either in the Extra Monster Zone or in any of your Main Monster Zones of in either face-up Attack or Defense Position. Finally, place your Summoning card in the Graveyard. (If another card effect causes your Fusion Materials to be sent to a place other than the Graveyard when your Summoning card resolves, send them to that other place, but the Fusion Summon still happens anyway). If you use monsters on your side of the field as Fusion Materials, you can also use face-down monsters[3]. Like Ritual Summons, the Fusion Summon is performed as the resolution of the effect of the card that performs a Fusion Summon. As a result, when that card is activated and the resolution is entered, cards cannot be activated until the Fusion Summon Summon is successful[3].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 22
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 70
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 87

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The monsters sent to the Graveyard for a Fusion Summon during the resolution of the card that performs a Fusion Summon are Fusion Materials.

• Fusion Materials are sent to the Graveyard during the resolution of the effect of the card that performs a Fusion Summon. If the activation of that card is negated, since that card does not resolve afterwards, the Fusion Materials are not sent to the Graveyard.
• Unless stated otherwise, the monsters that can be Fusion Materials are only monsters in your possession.
• Even if an effect like "Macro Cosmos" is being applied, so that monsters that are sent to the Graveyard are banished, a card that performs a Fusion Summon can be activated and Fusion Summon. In that case, the monsters used as Materials are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead.
• Token Monsters on the field can also be used as Fusion Materials. In that case, the Tokens are not sent to the Graveyard and they are removed from the Duel.
• Link Monsters can also be used as Fusion Materials.
• Trap Cards treated as monsters on the field can also be used as Fusion Materials. In that case, the Trap Cards used as Materials are sent to the Graveyard.
• The Fusion Materials for the Fusion Summon are sent to the Graveyard by an effect, but afterwards the Fusion Summon is performed. For that reason, optional Trigger Effects that read "when it is sent to the Graveyard, you can do [effect]" that can be activated in that timing cannot be activated during that procedure.
• Fusion Materials that are Special Summoned to the field or are otherwise moved to a different location temporarily are no longer treated as Fusion Materials.
  
  Example

  If an "Elemental HERO Bubbleman" sent to the Graveyard as a Fusion Material is Special Summoned by "Monster Reborn" or something similar, and later it is destroyed and sent to the Graveyard again, it cannot be Special Summoned by "De-Fusion".

  ---

• If a Fusion Monster is destroyed or is otherwise moved to a different location, the Fusion Materials that were used for that monster are not treated as being Fusion Materials for that monster. However, effects that temporarily banish the monster like "Interdimensional Matter Transporter" are an exception.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 88

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Fusion Monsters that say "you do not use Polymerization" in their Effect Text cannot be Fusion Summoned by cards that perform a Fusion Summon. They can be Special Summoned by the method they list^[1]. Some recently released cards have also started to omit "you do not use Polymerization", listing only the summoning procedures such as "Vicious Astraloud".

• Since no card is activated, this does not start a chain^[1].
• Special Summoning by this method is not treated as a Fusion Summon^[1][3].
  Example

  While "Non-Fusion Area"'s "neither player can Fusion Summon" effect is applying, you can Special Summon "Chimeratech Fortress Dragon" using the listed procedure.

  ---

• However, monsters used for Fusion Monsters' procedure are treated as Fusion Materials^[2].
  Example

  You have resolved the effect of "Cyberdark Chimera", and cannot use any monsters as Fusion Material this turn, except Dragon and Machine "Cyber" monsters. In this situation, you can Special Summon "Cyberdark End Dragon" by Tributing a Level 10 or lower "Cyberdark" Fusion Monster equipped with "Cyber End Dragon". Note that, while this Special Summon is not a Fusion Summon, the Level 10 or lower "Cyberdark" Fusion Monster that is Tributed to attempt the Summon is treated as Fusion Material. Therefore, this monster's Type must be Dragon or Machine (if the monster's Type is not Dragon or Machine due to a card effect, you cannot Tribute that monster to Special Summon "Cyberdark End Dragon").

  ---

• Special Summoning without using "Polymerization" and Special Summoning Fusion Monsters by meeting requirements are not Special Summons as a result of the resolution of an effect. As a result, those Special Summons can be negated by cards like "Solemn Judgment"^[1].
• Face-down monsters on the field can also be used for this Special Summon, like for a normal Fusion Summon^[1].

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 88, 90
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters used for Fusion Monsters' procedure are treated as Fusion Materials
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Non-Fusion Area", "Chimeratech Fortress Dragon"

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Cards like "El Shaddoll Winda" that say "Must first be Fusion Summoned." mean that they can only be Special Summoned from the Extra Deck by a Fusion Summon, and providing they have been Special Summoned properly, they can be Special Summoned by other card effects from the Graveyard.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 88

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Cards like "Chimeratech Rampage Dragon" that say "A Fusion Summon of this card can only be done with the above Fusion Material Monsters." mean that if they are Fusion Summoned using a card that performs a Fusion Summon, you must use the appropriate materials listed in the text. Cards like "Goddess with the Third Eye" that have an effect that says "You can substitute this card for any 1 Fusion Material Monster" cannot be used as a Material.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 88

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	Synchro Monsters are placed in the Extra Deck, separate from the Main Deck. You can Special Summon a powerful Synchro Monster to the field in an instant just by using the Levels of your monsters. They can be Synchro Summoned from the Extra Deck by sending 1 face-up "Tuner" monster and any number of face-up non-Tuner monsters from your field to the Graveyard, when the sum of all their Levels is exactly equal to the Level of the Synchro Monster[1]. If a Synchro Monster on the field or Graveyard or a Synchro Monster Card that is banished would be returned to the hand or Deck by a card effect, that monster is returned to the owner's Extra Deck[2]. After a properly Synchro Summoned Synchro Monster is sent to the Graveyard or banished, if it is Special Summoned from the Graveyard or from being Banished, it can be placed in any of your available Main Monster Zones[4].
	Tuner Monsters In order to Synchro Summon a Synchro Monster, you need 1 Tuner (look for "Tuner" next to its Type). The Tuner monster and other face-up monsters you use for the Synchro Summon are called Synchro Materials. The sum of their Levels is the Level of Synchro Monster you can Summon[1]. The Ability of being a Tuner is not treated as an effect[3]. Tuners that have Monster Effects are Effect Monsters and Tuners that do not have effects written in their Monster Information are Normal Monsters. There are also Synchro Tuner Monsters[3].
How to synchro Summon[1] During your Main Phase, you can perform a Synchro Summon when the combined total Levels of 1 face-up Tuner monster and any number of other face-up monsters you control are equal to the Level of the Synchro Monster you want to Synchro Summon. After double-checking the Level of the Synchro Monster you want, send the face-up Synchro Materials from your field to the Graveyard (face-up means that face-down monsters cannot be used). After sending the Synchro Materials from the field to the Graveyard, take the Synchro Monster from your Extra Deck and play it either in the Extra Monster Zone or in any of your Main Monster Zones of in face-up Attack or Defense Position. If the non-Tuner monsters need to meet certain requirements, all non-Tuner materials must meet those requirements[4]. Example For the materials of a "Baxia, Brightness of the Yang Zing" that says "1 Tuner + 1 or more non-Tuner Wyrm-Type monsters", all non-Tuner monsters must be Wyrm-Type monsters.

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 20-21
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 71
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 59
4. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 91

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Monsters sent to the Graveyard for a Synchro Summon are Synchro Materials.

• Synchro Materials are sent to the Graveyard before the Synchro Monster is placed on the field. Even if the Synchro Summon is negated, the monsters that became Synchro Materials are still sent to the Graveyard. However, in that case, those monsters are not treated as Synchro Materials.
• Even if an effect like "Macro Cosmos" is being applied, so that monsters sent to the Graveyard are banished, you can still Synchro Summon. In that case, the monsters used as Materials are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead.
• Token Monsters can also be used as Synchro Materials. In that case, the Token Monsters are not sent to the Graveyard and are removed from the Duel.
• Since Xyz and Link Monsters do not have a Level, they cannot be used as Synchro Materials.
• Trap Cards treated as monsters on the field can also be used as Synchro Materials. In that case, the Trap Cards used as Materials are sent to the Graveyard.
• If Synchro Materials are Special Summoned to the field or are otherwise temporarily moved to a different location, they are no longer treated as Synchro Materials.
  Example

  After a "Junk Synchron" that was sent to the Graveyard is Special Summoned by "Monster Reborn" or similar, if it is destroyed and sent once again to the Graveyard, it cannot be Special Summoned by the effect of "De-Synchro".

  ---

• If a Synchro Monster is destroyed or is otherwise moved to a different location, the Synchro Materials that were used for that monster are not treated as being Synchro Materials for that monster. However, effects that temporarily banish the monster like "Interdimensional Matter Transporter" are an exception.
  
  Example

  If a "Junk Warrior" that used "Junk Synchron" as a Material is destroyed by battle, then is Special Summoned again by "Monster Reborn", “"Junk Synchron" cannot be Special Summoned by "De-Synchro".

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 91

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Xyz Monsters (pronounced "ikseez") can be Xyz Summoned whenever you control monsters that are the same Level. Xyz Monsters start in your Extra Deck and not in your Main Deck[1]. When an Xyz Monster tells you to "detach" a material, take one of the stacked Xyz Material cards beneath your Xyz Monster and put it in the Graveyard[1]. If an Xyz Monster that is banished, on the field, or in the Graveyard would be returned to the hand or Deck by a card effect, that monster is returned to the owner's Extra Deck instead[2]. Xyz Monsters do not have a Level and have a Rank[2]. After a properly Xyz Summoned Xyz Monster is sent to the Graveyard or banished, if it is Special Summoned from the Graveyard or from being Banished, it can be placed in any of your available Main Monster Zones[3].

How to Xyz Summon[1] Choose an Xyz Monster from your Extra Deck that you have the right Xyz Materials for. The Xyz Materials should be face-up on your field. During your Main Phase, declare that you are Xyz Summoning and stack the Xyz Materials on top of each other. Take the Xyz Monster from your Extra Deck and put it on top of the stacked Xyz Materials either in the Extra Monster Zone or in any of your Main Monster Zones in face-up Attack or Defense Position.

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 18-19
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 71
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 95

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Monsters that are used to Xyz Summon are called "Xyz Materials", and are placed underneath the Xyz Monster, to show that they are attached to it^[1].

• Monsters that have become Xyz Materials are not treated as cards on the field^[1].
• If the Xyz Summon is negated, the monsters that became Xyz Materials are sent to the Graveyard. Also, in that case, they are not treated as being sent from the field to the Graveyard^[2].
• When an Xyz Monster leaves the field, all of the Xyz Materials attached to it are sent to the Graveyard^[1].
• If Xyz Materials are sent to the Graveyard, they are not treated as being sent from the field to the Graveyard. Also, the card is not treated as leaving the field^[2].
  Example

  If a "Plaguespreader Zombie" Special Summoned by its own effect becomes an Xyz Material and is later sent to the Graveyard, since it is not treated as a card being sent from the field, the clause that says "banish it when it leaves the field" is not applied.

  ---

• If an Xyz Monster is flipped face-down, or becomes controlled by the opponent, the Xyz Materials are not sent to the Graveyard. They remain attached to the Xyz Monster^[1].
• Xyz Materials cannot be targeted for effects^[2].
• Monster Tokens cannot be used as Xyz Materials^[2].
• Since Link Monsters do not have a Level or Rank, they cannot be used as Xyz Materials for an Xyz Summon^[2].
• Trap Cards treated as monsters on the field can also be used as Xyz Materials^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 51
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 95

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Pendulum Monster Cards are a unique kind of card that can be Summoned as monsters to attack or defend, or can be activated as Spell Cards in your Pendulum Zones to activate extra special abilities and allow you to Pendulum Summon[1]. Whenever one of your Pendulum Monster Cards on the field (regardless of which Zone it is in, or even if it is a monster or not) would be sent to the Graveyard, place it face-up on your Extra Deck instead. You can Pendulum Summon it back to the field later! Monsters Pendulum Summoned from the Extra Deck must be Summoned to the Extra Monster Zone or your Main Monster Zone pointed to by a Link Monster[1]. Pendulum Monsters that have Monster Effects are Effect Monsters, and Pendulum Monsters that do not have Monster Effects written in their Monster Information are Normal Monsters. Even if Pendulum Monsters that do not have a Monster Effect have a Pendulum Effect, they are treated as Normal Monsters[2].

How to Pendulum Summon[1] During your Main Phase, activate Pendulum Monster Cards as Spell Cards in your leftmost and rightmost Spell & Trap Zones. These Spell & Trap Zones also become Pendulum Zones. After you have one in each Pendulum Zone, once per turn during your Main Phase, declare that you're Pendulum Summoning. Check the Pendulum Scales on the sides of your 2 Pendulum Monster Cards, then Special Summon as many monsters as you want from your hand and as many face-up Pendulum Monsters from your Extra Deck, whose Levels are in between those Pendulum Scales. Pendulum Monsters that would be Pendulum Summoned from the Extra Deck must be Special Summoned in the Extra Monster Zone or in your available Main Monster Zones that are pointed by a Link Arrow. If you do not have an available Extra Monster Zone or a Main Monster Zone that is pointed by a Link Arrow, you can only Pendulum Summon monsters from the hand[3]. Pendulum Summons can only be performed once per turn[3]. If the Pendulum Summon is negated, all monsters that would have been Special Summoned are sent to the Graveyard. In that case, they are not treated as being sent from the hand, field, or Extra Deck to the Graveyard[3]. A Pendulum Summon is a method that Special Summons any number of monsters in a single timing[3]: When multiple monsters are Pendulum Summoned, the effect of "Thunder King Rai-Oh" that says "when your opponent would Special Summon exactly 1 monster: You can send this face-up card to the Graveyard; negate the Special Summon, and if you do, destroy it." cannot be activated. Providing 1 monster is Pendulum Summoned, the Pendulum Summon can be negated by activating the effect of "Thunder King Rai-Oh". When a Level 4, Level 6, and Level 7 monster would be Pendulum Summoned at the same time, if the effect of "Steelswarm Roach" is activated, only the Special Summon of the Level 6 and 7 monsters is negated.

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 16-17
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 75
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 97

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Pendulum Monsters activated in a Pendulum Zone or that are placed in the Pendulum Zone by an effect that places cards in the Pendulum Zone are treated as Spell Cards.

• Pendulum Effects can only be activated or applied while placed in the Pendulum Zone.
• Pendulum Effects are treated as the effects of Spell Cards.
• Pendulum Monsters treated as Spell Cards in the Pendulum Zone are not treated as Normal, Continuous, Field, Equip, Quick-Play or Ritual Spells.
• Activating a Pendulum Monster in a Pendulum Zone is treated as the activation of a Spell Card. As a result, the activation can be negated by effects that negate the activations of Spell Cards like "Magic Jammer". If a Pendulum Monster has its activation as a Spell Card negated, that Pendulum Monster is sent to the Graveyard normally, providing no particular effect is being applied.
• Activating a Pendulum Monster in a Pendulum Zone is only treated as the activation of a Spell Card, and its effects cannot be activated at that time.
• Pendulum Monsters cannot be Set face-down in a Pendulum Zone.
• Among Pendulum Effects, there are effects that are applied while they exist in a Pendulum Zone, and there are effects that can be activated when certain requirements are met. In that case, they are treated as activating the effect of a card and not as the activation of a Spell Card.
• Pendulum Effects that activate are of Spell Speed 1. As a result, they cannot be activated in a chain to the activation of cards or effects.
• Pendulum Effects are invalidated immediately when they leave the field. Also, if a Pendulum Effect is activated, and that Pendulum Monster is destroyed by a card effect activated in a chain, the Pendulum Effect does not resolve.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 121

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A Fusion/Synchro/Xyz Pendulum monster:

• Is not included in the Main Deck while building it and are included in the owner's Extra Deck instead^[1].
• If it is face-up in the Extra Deck it cannot be Fusion, Synchro or Xyz Summoned^[2].
• If it is face-down in the Extra Deck it cannot be Pendulum Summoned^[2].
• If on the field or Graveyard or that is banished would be returned to the hand or Deck by a card effect, that monster is returned to the owner's Extra Deck^[1].
• If would be sent from the field (Pendulum Zone, Monster Zone, Spell & Trap Zone) to the Graveyard, it is added to the Extra Deck face-up instead as long as no particular effect is being applied^[1].
• If placed in a Pendulum Zone it is treated as Spell Cards^[1].
• If the Fusion/Synchro/Xyz Summon or Pendulum Summon is negated, it is sent to the Graveyard^[2][3].

Summoning Method	Extra Deck status
	Face-down	Face-up after proper Summon	Face-up after improper Summon
Respective Extra Deck Summon	✔️	❌[2][3][4]	❌[2][3][4]
Pendulum Summon	❌[2][3][4]	✔️[3][4]	❌[2][3][4]
Special Summon by a card effect	✔️[3][4]	✔️[3][4]	❌[3][4]
Special Summon by a card effect treated as respective Extra Deck Summon	✔️[3][4]	❌[3][4]	❌[3][4]
Effects that Special Summon Pendulum Monsters that are face-up in the Extra Deck	❌[3][4]	✔️[3][4]	❌[3][4]

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 70-71
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 75
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 93
4. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 96

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If Pendulum Monsters are placed in the Pendulum Zone, this is treated as the activation of a Spell Card. If their activation is negated by the effect of a card that negates the activation of Spells, since they are not treated as being sent from the field to the Graveyard, they are sent to the Graveyard like any other card

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 75

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Pendulum Monsters sent from outside the field to the Graveyard are sent to the Graveyard normally. For example, if at the time you would Normal Summon a Pendulum Monster from the hand that itself is negated by "Solemn Judgment", the Pendulum Monster that is not treated as being sent from the field to the Graveyard is not added to the Extra Deck, and is sent to the Graveyard.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 76

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If an effect that says "Any monster sent to the Graveyard is banished instead." is being applied when a Pendulum Monster placed in the Pendulum Zone is destroyed, since it exists on the field as a Spell Card, it is not banished and it is added to the Extra Deck

If an effect like "Macro Cosmos" is being applied, so that (all kinds of) cards that would be sent to the Graveyard are banished, the effect text takes precedence and Pendulum Monsters are not added to the Extra Deck and are banished instead.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 76

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A monster treated as an Xyz Material is not treated as a card on the field. The same applies to Pendulum Monsters treated as Xyz Materials. Therefore, if a Pendulum Monster treated as an Xyz Material is detached, since this is not treated as sending a card from the field to the Graveyard, that Pendulum Monster is sent to the Graveyard.

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Pendulum Monster Cards as Xyz material

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A Link Monster are monsters with the ability to increase the number of monsters you can Summon from your Extra Deck for other Link monsters and Pendulum monsters. In addition to the 1 Extra Monster Zone you can usually use, you can also Summon Link and Pendulum monsters from the Extra Deck to any of your Main Monster Zones that has a Link Monster's red arrow pointing to it[1]. If 2 Extra Monster Zones are available, you can choose either one to Summon your monster. If there is a Link Monster already on the field, you can Link Summon a monster in one of your Zones it points to[1].

How to Link Summon[1] Check the materials of the Link Monster you want to Summon. During your Main Phase, declare that you are Link Summoning, send a number of face-up monsters from your field to the Graveyard equal to the Link Rating of that Link Monster. They must also match the material requirements listed in the monster's "recipe" written on the card (face-up means that face-down monsters cannot be used). Place the Link Monster from your Extra Deck in the Extra Monster Zone, or one of your Main Monster Zones that another Link Monster is pointing to. Normally, 1 monster equals 1 Link Material. But when you use a Link Monster as material for another Link Summon, you can count it as either 1 monster, or as a number of monsters equal to its Link Rating. For example, if you want to Summon a Link 3 monster that requires 2 or more materials in its "recipe", you can either use 3 monsters (each counts as 1 material) or else a Link 2 Link Monster (counts as 1 or 2 materials) and a second monster (counts as 1 material)[1]. After a properly Link Summoned Link Monster is sent to the Graveyard or banished, if it is Special Summoned from the Graveyard or from being Banished, it can be placed in any of your available Main Monster Zones[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 12-15
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 101

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Link Monsters have no DEF and cannot ever be in Defense Position. They can't be changed to Defense Position by a card effect. They can't even be flipped into face-down Defense Position.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 15

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Link and Pendulum Monsters Summoned from the Extra Deck normally have to go in the Extra Monster Zone. But Link Monsters open up more Zones for you to use, because every Main Monster Zone that a Link Monster points to can also be used to Summon Link and Pendulum monsters from your Extra Deck. Link and Pendulum Monsters that started in the Extra Deck, but later end up in the Graveyard (or are banished) and are Summoned from there, also go in the Main Monster Zones (and don't need a Link Monster to point to them).

References:

1. Official rulebook page 14

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Monsters sent to the Graveyard for a Link Summon are called Link Materials^[1].

• Link Materials are sent to the Graveyard before the Link Monster is placed on the field. Even if the Link Summon is negated, the monsters that were sent to the Graveyard as Link Materials remain in the Graveyard. In that case, they are not treated as Link Materials^[1].
• Even if an effect like "Macro Cosmos" is being applied, it is possible to Link Summon even if the monsters that would be sent to the Graveyard would be banished. In that case, the monsters used as materials are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead^[1].
• Token Monsters on the field can also be used as Link Materials. In that case, the Tokens are not sent to the Graveyard and they are removed from the Duel^[2].
• Trap Cards treated as monsters on the field can also be used as Link Materials. In that case, the Trap Cards used as Materials are sent to the Graveyard^[2].
• If Link Materials are Special Summoned to the field or are otherwise temporarily moved to a different location, they are no longer treated as Link Materials^[1].
• If a Link Monster is destroyed or is otherwise moved to a different location, the Link Materials that were used for that monster are not treated as being Link Materials for that monster^[1]. However, effects that temporarily banish the monster like "Interdimensional Matter Transporter" are an exception^[1].

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 101
2. Official rulebook page 15

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Some common terms to know when dealing with Link Monsters:

• Link Arrows: these are the big red triangles surrounding the picture of the monster. Only the red ones are Link Arrows.
• Link Rating: the number in the lower right hand corner of a Link Monster where the DEF would normally be located. This is the number of Link Arrows the monster has, and also the number of Link Materials you need to use to Link Summon it.
• Link Material: these are the face-up monsters on your side of the field that you use to Link Summon.
• points to: the Monster Zones and/or monsters that are directly adjacent to the tip of a Link Arrow are the zones and/or monsters that Link Monster "points to".
  • A "Decode Talker" placed in an Extra Monster Zone, for example, points to the Main Monster Zone directly above it, as well as the Main Monster Zones diagonally downwards to the left and right.
  • A "Decode Talker" placed in the center Main Monster Zone does not point to anything, as there are no Monster Zones directly adjacent to the tip of its Link Arrows.
• linked: a monster is "linked" if one or both of the following is true:
  1. A Link Arrow is pointing to this monster.
  2. This monster is a Link Monster and one of its Link Arrows is pointing to another monster.
• co-linked: only Link Monsters can be "co-linked". Two Link Monsters are "co-linked" if they have Link Arrows that point at each other. In the following formation, "Firewall Dragon" is "co-linked" to 2 monsters: "Link Spider" and "Honeybot".

References:

1. Official KONAMI's article

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In addition to being linked or co-linked, there's a special type of "linked" state that a monster can be in: "Extra Linked". Only Link Monsters can be Extra Linked, and this state only occurs when a series of co-linked Link Monsters is built that connects a Link Monster in an Extra Monster Zone to a Link Monster in the other Extra Monster Zone. Each monster in the series must be co-linked to each other monster it is linked to in the series.

In the example below, we've placed a series of co-linked monsters from the right-hand Extra Monster Zone over to the left-hand Extra Monster Zone where the opponent has Link Summoned "Decode Talker". Each of our Link Monsters is co-linked to each other Link Monster it's linked to in the series, so when we Link Summon the final monster in the series, each monster in the series becomes Extra Linked in addition to being co-linked and linked, including the opponent's "Decode Talker". Any Link Monster that is co-linked to one of the monsters in this series is also Extra Linked, even if it's not contributing towards making the monsters Extra Linked. For example, an extra "Honeybot" to the left or right of one of the "Firewall Dragon" would also be Extra Linked.

Under normal circumstances you cannot occupy both Extra Monster Zones with monsters from your Extra Deck. There is one, and only one, exception to this rule: If Link Summoning to the second Extra Monster Zone would create a complete series of Extra Linked Link Monsters, you may Link Summon a monster to that Extra Monster Zone to complete that series. So in the example below, you are allowed to Link Summon a monster to the left-hand Extra Monster Zone if and only if that monster would be co-linked to the left-hand "Firewall Dragon", causing all of the monsters to become Extra Linked.

Link Monsters can be co-linked on diagonals, an Extra Link with only three monsters is then possible as well.

References:

1. Official KONAMI's article

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If you take control of your opponent's monster in the Extra Monster Zone, it moves to your Main Monster Zone. When it goes back to your opponent, it goes to their Main Monster Zone, not the Extra Monster Zone.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 15

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Equip Cards with impossible Continuous Effects can be activated. A Link Monster can be equipped with "Horn of Light" or "Rod of Silence - Kay'est". However, since Link Monsters do not have DEF, the effect of increasing DEF is not applied. In the case of "Rod of Silence - Kay'est" , the effect that negates other Spells' effects targeting the equipped monster and destroys them is applied normally.

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation Legality of Equip Cards with impossible Continuous Effects

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There are several ways to play monsters onto the field. These ways can be categorized into 2 groups: actions that can be done only once per turn, and actions that can be done multiple times per turn:

1. You can do one of these once per turn:
   • Normal Summon
   • Normal Set
   • Tribute Summon
2. You can do as many of these during a turn as you want:
   • Flip Summon
   • Special Summon
   • Special Summon with a Card's Effect

References:

1. Official rulebook page 24

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This is the most common way to Summon a monster. Simply play a Monster Card from your hand onto the field in face-up Attack Position. All Normal Monsters, and most Effect Monsters (unless they have a specific restriction), can be Summoned in this way^[1].

If a Normal Summon is performed, a card that "negates the Normal Summon" can be used in response to that Normal Summon. Even if the Normal Summon is negated, in most cases you cannot perform another Normal Summon/Set^[2]:

• A monster that has its Normal Summon/Set negated is sent to the Graveyard providing no particular effect is being applied. In that case, that monster is not treated as being sent from the hand or field to the Graveyard^[2].
• When a monster that does not have its Normal Summon/Set negated is placed on the field, this is called a "successful Normal Summon(/Set)"^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 24
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 77

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To play a Monster Card from your hand in face-down Defense Position is called a Normal Set^[1].

• A monster Normal Set on the field is NOT considered Summoned. It has been Normal Set, and can be Summoned with a Flip Summon or flipped face-up by an attack or card effect^[1].
• You can only Normal Summon OR Normal Set (Normal Summon/Set, in short), once per turn, so if you Normal Set a monster you cannot also Normal Summon a monster that turn^[1].
• You cannot play a monster from your hand onto the field in face-up Defense Position.
  As an exception, if the effect of "Light of Intervention" that says "If a Monster Card would be Set, it must be Normal Summoned in face-up Defense Position" is being applied, a Normal Summon/Set can be performed in face-up Defense Position. This Normal Summon/Set is not treated as a Set^[2].
• There are some cards like "The Shallow Grave" that "Set in face-down Defense Position" while resolving their card effect. In that case, the monsters are treated as being Special Summoned in face-down Defense Position^[2].
• There are some cards like "Elemental HERO Chaos Neos" with effects that "Set" face-up monsters while resolving their card effect. In that case, those face-up monsters are changed to face-down Defense Position, and this is treated as a Set^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 24
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 80

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For monsters that are Level 5 or higher, you must Tribute at least 1 monster you control before the Normal Summon/Set. This is called a Tribute Summon. Monsters that are Level 5 or 6 require 1 Tribute and Monsters that are Level 7 or higher require 2 Tributes^[1].

Level 5,6	Level 7 or higher
1 Tribute	2 Tributes

• If you Tribute Summon in face-down Defense Position, it is called a Tribute Set. A monster Tribute Set on the field is NOT considered Summoned^[1].
• When a card explains a special method to Tribute Summon a monster, you can also Tribute Set the monster by the same method^[1].
• A Tribute Summon that Tributes 1 or more monsters can be performed by Tributing monsters even if there are no Main Monster Zones available^[2].
• There are monsters like "Beast King Barbaros" or "Slifer the Sky Dragon" that can be Tribute Summoned by Tributing the amount of monsters written in their texts. If a monster like "Beast King Barbaros" that says "You can Normal Summon/Set this card without Tributing" is Normal Summoned/Set without a Tribute, this is not treated as a Tribute Summon^[2].
• If monsters are Tributed for a Tribute Summon, the Normal Summon of the monster is performed afterwards. For that reason, optional Trigger Effects that read "when it is sent to the Graveyard, you can do [effect]" that can be activated in that timing cannot be activated during that procedure^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 24
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 77

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Sending monsters on the field to the Graveyard for a Tribute Summon is called Tributing.

• Face-down monsters on the field can also be Tributed.
• The Tributes are performed at the time the Tribute Summon is declared, before the monster that would be Normal Summoned/Set is placed on the field. Even if the Tribute Summon is negated, the Tributed monsters are sent to the Graveyard normally.
• You can only Tribute monsters you control.
• Monster Tokens on the field can also be Tributed. In this case, the tokens are not sent to the Graveyard and they are removed from the Duel.
• Trap Cards treated as monsters on the field can also be Tributed. In that case, that Tributed Trap Card is sent to the Graveyard, providing no particular effect is being applied.
• If "Mask of Restrict" has been activated, so that monsters cannot be Tributed, a Tribute Summon cannot be performed.
• Monsters that you control in the Extra Monster Zones can also be used as tributes for a Tribute Summon.
• Even if "Macro Cosmos" or something similar is being applied, so that monsters that would be sent to the Graveyard are banished, monsters can still be Tributed. In that case, the Tributed monsters are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 79

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You can change a face-down Defense Position monster into face-up Attack Position, without using a card effect. This is called a Flip Summon.

• When you Flip Summon, you cannot change the monster to face-up Defense Position, only to face-up Attack Position.
• A Monster Card cannot be Flip Summoned in the same turn that it was Set onto the field.
• You cannot use most monsters' effects until they are face-up

References:

1. Official rulebook page 25

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Some monsters can be played onto the field without being Normal Summoned or Set. This is called a Special Summon^[1].

• Link Summons, Pendulum Summons, Xyz Summons, Synchro Summons, Fusion Summons and Ritual Summons are all Special Summons^[1].
• Some Effect Monsters also have specific conditions that allow you to Special Summon them^[1].
• Unless otherwise specified, a Special Summoned monster is played onto the field in your choice of face-up Attack Position or face-up Defense Position^[1].
• Aside from Pendulum Summoning, Special Summons can be performed any number of times per turn^[2].
• A Special Summon cannot be performed if there are no available Monster Zones. However, if monsters leave the field in order to meet the requirements for the Special Summon, the procedure or resolution for the Special Summon can be conducted even if there are no available Monster Zones in most cases^[2].
• The player can choose any available Main Monster Zone in which to place the monster that would be Special Summoned^[2].
• If the Special Summon is not negated, placing the monster on the field constitutes a "successful Special Summon"^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 25
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 81

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During their Main Phase, once the turn player has priority and they do not wish to activate or resolve an effect, the turn player can Special Summon a monster by meeting the requirements written in that monster's Effect Text^[1]. These are monsters that can Special Summon themselves in a special way that doesn't start a Chain, their Special Summon by meeting requirements is also called Built-In Summons. This includes cards like "Cyber Dragon", Link Summons, Xyz Summons, Synchro Summons, and Contact Fusions are also part of this group^[2].

• If a Special Summon is performed by meeting requirements, a card that "negates Special Summons" can be activated in response to that Special Summon^[1].
• A monster that has its Special Summon negated is sent to the Graveyard providing no particular effect is being applied. In that case, the monster that was sent to the Graveyard is not considered to be sent from the hand, field, or Extra Deck to the Graveyard^[1].
• Performing a Special Summon by meeting requirements does not start a chain^[1].
• Cards that are Tributed or sent to the Graveyard in order to meet requirements are moved to a different place for the procedure of the Special Summon and are not treated as being moved by a card effect^[1].
• If monsters are Tributed or sent to the Graveyard to meet requirements, the Special Summon of the monster is performed afterwards. For that reason, optional Trigger Effects that read "when it is sent to the Graveyard, you can do [effect]" that can be activated in that timing cannot be activated during that procedure^[1]. Examples:
  • When "Gusto Falco" is used as a Material for a Synchro Summon, that "Gusto Falco" is sent to the Graveyard as a Material, but since the Special Summon of the Synchro Monster is performed afterwards, its effect that says "When this face-up card on the field is sent to the Graveyard, except by battle: You can Special Summon 1 "Gusto" monster from your Deck in face-down Defense Position." cannot be activated.
  • If "The Tricky" is Special Summoned by sending "Archfiend of Gilfer" from the hand to the Graveyard, "Archfiend of Gilfer"'s effect that says "You can target 1 face-up monster on the field; equip that target with this card." cannot be activated as the last action that happened is the summon of "The Tricky" and not "Archfiend of Gilfer" being sent to the Graveyard.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 81-82
2. "Problem-Solving Card Text, Part 5: Special Summons"

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Special Summon Monsters are monsters that cannot be Normal Summoned/Set and are Special Summoned according to the summoning procedure written on the card (Built-In Summons). Fusion, Ritual, Synchro, Xyz, and Link Monsters are all Special Summon Monsters. In addition to these, there are also monsters that must be Special Summoned by the procedure written in their text^[1][3].

• Special Summoning Special Summon monsters by their requirements is not treated as the resolution of an effect. However, in order to properly Special Summon Fusion Monsters and Ritual Monsters, they are treated as being Special Summoned by the resolution of an activated card^[1].
• Special Summon monsters that say "cannot be Special Summoned by other ways" in their Summoning requirements can only be Special Summoned by that method, and cannot be Special Summoned by the effects of other cards^[1].
• Special Summon monsters cannot be Special Summoned by other card effects unless they are previously Special Summoned by the method described in their texts. However, Fusion, Synchro, Xyz and Link Monsters can be Special Summoned by effects that say "Special Summon from the Extra Deck" in most cases^[1].
• If a monster Special Summoned by the proper procedure that is later added to the Deck, hand, or other private location, that monster is no longer treated as being Special Summoned by the proper procedure^[1].
• Cards with effects that say "ignoring its Summoning conditions" can Special Summon Special Summon monsters from the Deck, Extra Deck or hand (private knowledge) without Special Summoning them by the proper procedure^[1].
  Example

  "Infernoid Onuncu" can be Special Summoned from the Deck by the effect of "A Wild Monster Appears!".

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• Even if the Flip Summon of a properly summoned Special Summon Monster is negated, that monster will still be treated as having been properly summoned^[2].

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 84
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Properly Summoned status and negating Flip Summons
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Special Summon Monster

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Monsters can also be Special Summoned onto the field through the effect of another card. This is different from "Special Summon Monsters"^[1].

• You cannot use a card effect to Special Summon those monsters from your hand, Deck, Graveyard^[1], Spell/Trap Zone^[2] unless it was properly Special Summoned first.
  For example, if a Synchro Monster is sent from your Extra Deck to the Graveyard without being Synchro Summoned, you cannot use a Spell Card to Special Summon it from the Graveyard, because Synchro Monsters have to be properly Special Summoned first, before they can be Special Summoned by another card's effect.
• When a Special Summon is performed as a result of the resolution of an activated effect that started a chain, if the activation of the activated effect that started a chain is not negated, the resolution that performs the Special Summon cannot be negated^[3].
  Example

  After the effect of "Raidraptor - Avenge Vulture" that says "If you take damage: You can Special Summon this card from your hand" was activated, cards like "Solemn Judgment" cannot be activated to negate the Special Summon when the effect is resolving. Afterwards, cards that respond to when a Special Summon is successful can be activated when the Special Summon is successful.

  ---

• Monsters that have effects to Special Summon themselves that activate are mostly written as ":/; Special Summon this card from your [location]". Also, those effects are Ignition Effects or Trigger Effects in most cases^[3].
• Effects of Spells, Traps and Monsters that Special Summon other cards are effects that activate and start a chain in most cases^[3].
• If you Special Summon monsters to the opponent's field such as by activating "Ojama Trio", the Main Monster Zones in which they would be Special Summoned is chosen by the player who activated the effect in most cases^[3].
  However, even if you activate an effect like "Gilasaurus" in which the opponent performs the Special Summon, the opponent is the one who chooses the Main Monster Zone in which the monster would be Special Summoned^[3].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 25
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Improper Special Summoning of improperly Special Summoned monsters, from the Spell & Trap Zone
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 101-102

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Examples
	Mozarta the Melodious Maestra Once per turn: You can Special Summon 1 LIGHT Fairy-Type monster from your hand. You cannot Special Summon other monsters the turn you activate this effect, except for LIGHT monsters.
	Power Filter Neither player can Special Summon monsters with 1000 or less ATK.
	Dimensional Barrier Declare 1 monster card type (Ritual, Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, or Pendulum); for the rest of this turn, neither player can Special Summon monsters of the declared type, also negate the effects of all monsters of that type while they are on the field. You can only activate 1 "Dimensional Barrier" per turn.

• The restriction of "you cannot Normal or Special Summon the turn you activate this card" only refers to monsters that were successfully Summoned (summon not negated). Same for "you can only Special Summon [X] once per turn" restrictions^[1].
  Example

  When you attempt to Special Summon "Blue-Eyes Alternative White Dragon" from my hand by its own procedure, your opponent activates "Solemn Judgment" and negates the Special Summon. During the turn you Normal or Special Summoned any monsters other than "Blue-Eyes White Dragon", you cannot activate "Rage with Eyes of Blue". However, in this scenario, if the Special Summon of "Blue-Eyes Alternative White Dragon" was negated by "Solemn Judgment", it was not successfully Special Summoned, so you can activate "Rage with Eyes of Blue" that turn^[2].

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Effect interactions

• Gemini
  Summoning a Gemini monster from the Graveyard is treated as summoning a normal monster, even if it will gain its effects on the moment its summon is successful: if an effect is applying that prevents Effect monsters to be summoned, you can still Special Summon a Gemini monster from the Graveyard^[3].
  Example

  Even if the effect of "Heat Wave" is applying, you can activate the effect of "Blazewing Butterfly" to Special Summon a Gemini monster from your Graveyard. The targeted monster will be Special Summoned and treated as an Effect Monster as usual.

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• Properties Changing
  
  • A card (1) with the restriction of "you cannot Normal or Special Summon except X monsters the turn you activate this card" is applying. Normally, if you Summon a monster (2) which violates the restriction of (1), then (1) cannot be activated. Similarly, if you activate (1) first (2) cannot be Summoned. But if^[4]:
    • A card (3) has an effect that applies to (2) such that when (2) is Summoned it does not violate the restriction of (1), then (1) can be activated after (2) has been Summoned.
    • A card (3) has an effect that applies to (2) such that when (2) is Summoned it does not violate the restriction of (1), but you have already activated (1) before (2) is Summoned, then (2) cannot be Summoned anymore.
    Example

    "A DNA Transplant" that was activated by declaring the LIGHT Attribute is face-up on the field. In this situation, I activate "Monster Reborn" and Special Summon "Darklord Superbia" from my Graveyard, then activate its effect and Special Summon "Mozarta the Melodious Maestra" from the Graveyard:

    • Even if you Special Summoned a "Darklord Superbia" (whose original Attribute is DARK) this turn, if you did so while the effect of "A DNA Transplant" was applying declaring LIGHT, you can activate the effect of "Mozarta the Melodious Maestra".
    • However, if you first activated the effect of "Mozarta the Melodious Maestra", you cannot Special Summon monsters whose original Attributes are anything other than LIGHT, even if the effect of "A DNA Transplant" is applying.

    ---

• An effect (1) is applying so that monsters with a certain specific property X cannot be summoned, but monsters with another specific property Y can be summoned. A monster (2)'s has X property, so (2) can't be summoned due to (1). If (2) has an effect that says "summon this card as a monster with Y property", then (2) can be summoned through that effect^[5].
  Example

  Your opponent controls "Evilswarm Ophion", which has materials attached and is applying its effect "Level 5 or higher monsters cannot be Special Summoned". "Cockadoodledoo" has effects that say "you can Special Summon this card (from your hand) as a Level 3 monster" or "you can Special Summon this card (from your hand) as a Level 4 monster", so you can Special Summon "Cockadoodledoo" using either of its effects.

  ---

References:

1. Official KONAMI's 2021 rules update
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Solemn Judgment", "Rage with Eyes of Blue"
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Blazewing Butterfly", "Heat Wave"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Property changing and being treated as having Special Summoned monsters with a given property
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters being summoned "as a monster with Y property", and restrictions on summoning monsters with/without a specific property X

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Examples
	Sauravis, the Ancient and Ascended You can Ritual Summon this card with "Sprite's Blessing". When your opponent activates a card or effect that targets a monster you control (Quick Effect): You can discard this card; negate the activation. When your opponent would Special Summon a monster(s) (Quick Effect): You can return this card to the hand; negate the Special Summon, and if you do, banish that monster(s).
	Chaos Trap Hole When a LIGHT or DARK monster(s) would be Summoned: Pay 2000 LP; negate the Summon of the LIGHT and DARK monster(s), and if you do, banish it.
	Horn of Heaven When a monster(s) would be Summoned: Tribute 1 monster; negate the Summon, and if you do, destroy that monster(s).

• If a Normal Summon is performed, a card that "negates the Normal Summon" can be used in response to that Normal Summon. Even if the Normal Summon is negated, in most cases you cannot perform another Normal Summon/Set^[1]:
  • A monster that has its Normal Summon/Set negated is sent to the Graveyard providing no particular effect is being applied. In that case, that monster is not treated as being sent from the hand or field to the Graveyard^[1].
  • When a monster that does not have its Normal Summon/Set negated is placed on the field, this is called a "successful Normal Summon(/Set)"^[1].
  • The Tributes are performed at the time the Tribute Summon is declared, before the monster that would be Normal Summoned/Set is placed on the field. Even if the Tribute Summon is negated, the Tributed monsters are sent to the Graveyard normally^[2].
• If a Special Summon is performed by meeting requirements, a card that "negates Special Summons" can be activated in response to that Special Summon^[3]:
  • If the Special Summon is not negated, placing the monster on the field constitutes a "successful Special Summon"^[4].
  • A monster that has its Special Summon negated is sent to the Graveyard providing no particular effect is being applied. In that case, the monster that was sent to the Graveyard is not considered to be sent from the hand, field, or Extra Deck to the Graveyard^[3].
  • Even if the Flip Summon of a properly summoned Special Summon Monster is negated, that monster will still be treated as having been properly summoned^[5].
  • When a Special Summon is performed as a result of the resolution of an activated effect that started a chain, if the activation of the activated effect that started a chain is not negated, the resolution that performs the Special Summon cannot be negated^[6].
    Example

    After the effect of "Raidraptor - Avenge Vulture" that says "If you take damage: You can Special Summon this card from your hand" was activated, cards like "Solemn Judgment" cannot be activated to negate the Special Summon when the effect is resolving. Afterwards, cards that respond to when a Special Summon is successful can be activated when the Special Summon is successful.

    ---

• An effect that activates when used for a Special Summon material (for example for a Link or a Synchro Summon) cannot be activated if the Summon is negated^[7].
  Example

  If you Tribute "Capshell" as a cost for a Tribute Summon, and that Tribute Summon is negated, its effect can be activated since it was Tributed. If the Synchro or Link Summon that used "Capshell" as material was negated, it is not treated as being used as material for a Synchro or Link Summon, so its effect cannot activate.

  ---

• During an attempt to Normal or Special Summon a monster from a location outside the field, the monster is not yet on the field. If the Summon of the monster is negated, then the monster is never considered to have been on the field. On the other hand, during an attempt to Flip Summoned or Normal Summoned again (Gemini monsters) a monster already on the field, the monster is considered to be on the field^[8].
  Example

  If "Solemn Judgment" is activated during an attempt to Normal or Special Summon a monster, "Destruction Jammer" cannot be activated in response. Since the monster to be destroyed is not yet on the field, "Solemn Judgment" is not considered to be an effect that destroys cards on the field. If "Solemn Judgment" is activated during an attempt to Flip Summon, or an attempt to Normal Summon a Gemini Monster again, "Destruction Jammer" can be activated in response. In these cases, "Solemn Judgment" is considered to be an effect that destroys cards on the field.

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Effect interactions

• Gemini
  When a Gemini monster on the field is Normal Summoned once again, cards that negate that Normal Summon can be activated. A Gemini monster that has its Summon negated is not treated as being destroyed and sent to the Graveyard from the hand or field^[9].
• During the [X] Phase, [A]: Delayed effects
  The Special Summon of a monster when resolving an effect that happens later (during the End Phase for example) does not start a chain such as "Spellbook of Judgment".
  • As it is a Special Summon of a monster due an effect, this Special Summon cannot be negated by activating effects that negate summons like "Black Horn of Heaven"^[10].
  • However, it is still an "effects that include an effect that Special Summons a monster(s)", so cards like "Solemn Warning" can be activated in response^[10].
• Immediately after this effect resolves, [method] Summon [X]
  The Summon of that monster(s) can be negated if the effect resolves as Chain Link 1^[11].
  Example

  If "Tenpai Dragon Chundra"'s effect of was activated as Chain Link 1, the effect of "Sauravis, the Ancient and Ascended" can be activated during the attempt to Synchro Summon; if the effect of "Tenpai Dragon Chundra" was activated as Chain Link 2 or higher, it cannot be.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 77
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 79
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 81-82
4. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 81
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Properly Summoned status and negating Flip Summons
6. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 101-102
7. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: 'sent to the GY as material' and negating summons
8. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Solemn Judgment", "Destruction Jammer"
9. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 166-167
10. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Negating delayed Special Summons
11. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Tenpai Dragon Chundra", "Sauravis, the Ancient and Ascended"

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Pendulum Monsters sent from outside the field to the Graveyard are sent to the Graveyard normally. For example, if at the time you would Normal Summon a Pendulum Monster from the hand that itself is negated by "Solemn Judgment", the Pendulum Monster that is not treated as being sent from the field to the Graveyard is not added to the Extra Deck, and is sent to the Graveyard.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 76

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1. Card Name

Remember, cards with the same name are considered to be the same card, and you can only have up to 3 copies of the same card in your Main Deck and Side Deck combined.

2. Type

Instead of having an Attribute symbol like Monster Cards, a Spell Card has the "SPELL 魔" symbol and a Trap Card has the "TRAP 罠" symbol.

3. Icon

There are 6 types of icons that represent special properties a Spell or Trap Card may have. Spell and Trap Cards without an icon are called Normal Spell Cards or Normal Trap Cards.

4. Card Description

Each card's activation conditions and effects are provided here.

5. Card Number

A card's identification number is found here. This number is useful for collecting, and for sorting your collection.

Spell Cards can normally be activated only during your Main Phase, and help you out with different effects. Spell Cards have many powerful effects, like destroying other cards or strengthening monsters. Save these cards in your hand until you can get the best results out of them.

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 26-27

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Activating:

• Spell Cards other than Quick-Play Spell Cards can be activated by the turn player during their Main Phase, once the turn player has priority and they do not wish to activate or resolve an effect by placing them face-up.
• If a Spell Card is activated from the hand, it is placed face-up in 1 of the Spell & Trap Zones, with the exception of Field Spell Cards.
• If a set Spell Card is activated, it is changed from being face-down in a Spell & Trap Zone or Field Zone to being face-up.
• If there are no available zones in which to activate the Spell Card, it cannot be activated from the hand, with the exception of Field Spell Cards.
• Activating Spell Cards starts a chain. Spell Cards have a Spell Speed of 1, with the exception of Quick-Play Spell Cards.
• If a Spell Card is activated, cards that negate the activation of Spell Cards can be activated in a chain to that activation.
• Spell Cards that have their activations negated are sent to the Graveyard providing no particular effect is being applied. In that case, the Spell Card sent to the Graveyard is not treated as being sent from the hand or field to the Graveyard. The same applies if a set Field Spell Card has its activation negated.
• Activated Spells are treated as being face-up on the field.
• After resolving the effects of Spell Cards, they are sent to the Graveyard, with the exception of Continuous, Equip and Field Spells, as well as some Normal Spell Cards like "Swords of Revealing Light".

Setting:

• During their Main Phase, once the turn player has priority and they do not wish to activate or resolve an effect, the turn player can place Spell Cards from the hand face-down.
• Placing a Spell card face-down from the hand is called Setting.
• If there are no available Zones in which to place the Spell Card, they cannot be Set, with the exception of Field Spells.
• Set Spell Cards can be activated even during that turn, with the exception of Quick-Play Spell Cards.
• The information of face-down Spell Cards, including whether they are a Spell Card or a Trap Card or not, is private to the opponent. However, face-down Field Spell Cards in the Field Zone are treated as Field Spell Cards. The controller of face-down Spell or Traps can always verify them.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 115-116

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Normal Spell Cards have single-use effects. To use a Normal Spell Card, announce its activation to your opponent, placing it face-up on the field. If the activation succeeds, then you resolve the effect written on the card. After resolving the effect, send the card to the Graveyard.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 28

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References:

1. Official rulebook page 29

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• There are Continuous Spell Cards that have effects that can activate under certain conditions after their activation. In that case, this is treated as activating an effect and not as activating a Spell Card^[2].
  Example

  If the effect of an already active "Ruins of the Divine Dragon Lords" that says "Once per turn: You can send 1 other face-up card you control to the Graveyard;" is activated, the activation of that effect cannot be negated by "Magic Jammer" that says "negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it.".

  ---

  • Continuous(-like) Effects apply before the effect at activation even begins resolving^[3].
    Example

    You control a Set "Void Launch". If you control a non-"Infernoid" monster, you can active it. If you choose to activate "Void Launch"'s effect that sends "Infernoid" monsters to the Graveyard as part of the card activation, before that effect begins resolving, "Void Launch" will be sent to the Graveyard by its own effect. As a result, you will then be unable to send "Infernoid" monsters from your Deck to the Graveyard.

    ---

• The activated effects of Continuous Spell Cards are of Spell Speed 1. As a result, they cannot be activated in a chain to the activation of cards or effects^[2].
• The effects of Continuous Spell Cards are invalidated immediately when they leave the field. Also, if a Continuous Spell Card that has already been activated activates an effect, and that Continuous Spell Card is destroyed by a card effect activated in a chain, the effect of the Continuous Spell Card does not resolve^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 29
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 117-118
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Continuous Effects applying before the effect at activation even begins resolving

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• Equip Spells are activated by targeting the monster that they will equip. That targeted monster can be a face-up monster on the field/a monster in the Graveyard/a banished monster depending on the Equip Spell Card^[2].
• Equip Spells can also be equipped to the opponent's monsters unless it is stated that they can be equipped to your or the opponent's monsters^[2].
• In most cases, a single monster can be equipped with many Equip Spells^[2].
• If the activation of an Equip Spell is negated, it is not equipped, but if it has its effects negated, its effects are negated but it remains equipped^[2].
• If the equipped monster leaves the field or is flipped face-down, the equipped Equip Spells are destroyed and sent to the Graveyard^[2]. The Equip Spells are not treated as being destroyed by a card effect^[2]. This rule is also the same for equipped Traps, and monsters equipped to other monsters^[3].
• If the equipped monster no longer meets the requirements to be equipped by those Equip Spells, those Equip Spells are destroyed and sent to the Graveyard. The Equip Spells are not treated as being destroyed by a card effect^[2].
• If the equipped monster is unaffected by Spell Cards, it remains equipped while being unaffected by the effects^[2].
• After being equipped, if the card name or Type of the equipped monster changes so that the conditions for it to be equipped are no longer met, that Equip Card is destroyed^[2].
  Example

  If a Warrior-Type monster equipped with "Magnum Shield", which says "Equip only to a Warrior-Type monster", has its Type become Spellcaster-Type by the effect of "DNA Surgery" that says "All face-up monsters on the field become that Type.", "Magnum Shield" is destroyed.

  ---

• There are Equip Spells that have effects that can activate under certain conditions after their activation. In that case, this is treated as activating an effect and not as activating a Spell Card^[2].
• The effects of Equip Spell Cards that activate have a Spell Speed of 1^[2].
• The effects of Equip Spells, other than their effects that activate in the Graveyard, stop applying immediately when they leave the field. Also, if an Equip Spell that has already been activated activates its effect, and that Equip Spell is destroyed by a card effect activated in a chain, the effect of the Equip Spell does not resolve^[2].
• Equip Spell Cards always target, but activating an effect that equips does not implicitly target^[4].
  Example

  The Quick Effect of "Amazement Ambassador Bufo" was activated by targeting an equipped Trap you control. When that effect resolves, you can equip that Trap to your opponent's "The First Darklord", even though it cannot be targeted by card effects. That effect of "Amazement Ambassador Bufo" does not require you to target any monsters.

  ---

• Equip Cards with impossible Continuous Effects can be activated^[5]. A Link Monster can be equipped with "Horn of Light" or "Rod of Silence - Kay'est". However, since Link Monsters do not have DEF, the effect of increasing DEF is not applied. In the case of "Rod of Silence - Kay'est" , the effect that negates other Spells' effects targeting the equipped monster and destroys them is applied normally.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 29
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 118-119
3. Official rulebook page 54
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activating an effect that equips does not implicitly target
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation Legality of Equip Cards with impossible Continuous Effects

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• If there already is a Field Spell in your Field Zone, you can activate or Set a new Field Spell in the Field Zone by sending that card to the Graveyard. In that case, the card sent to the Graveyard is not destroyed and it is not treated as being sent to the Graveyard by a card effect^[2]. The Field Spell that is already in your Field Zone will be sent to the Graveyard before the new one is activated or Set.^[3].
• After activating a Field Spell, it remains in the Field Zone^[2].
• Unless stated otherwise, Field Spells keep exerting their effects as long as they remain face-up in the Field Zone^[2].
• There are Field Spells that have effects that can activate under certain conditions after their activation. In that case, this is treated as activating an effect and not as activating a Spell Card^[2].
• In most cases, the effects of Field Spells that activate are of Spell Speed 1. As a result, they cannot be activated in a chain to the activation of a card or effect^[2].
• The effects of Field Spells that apply on the field stop applying immediately when they leave the field. Also, if a Field Spell that has already been activated activates an effect, and that Field Spell is destroyed by a card effect activated in a chain, the effect of the Field Spell does not resolve^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 29
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 119-120
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: If a Field Spell exists in my Field Zone, can I activate or Set another Field Spell?

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• Quick-Play Spells are of Spell Speed 2. As a result, they can also be activated in a chain to the activations of cards or effects, except Counter Trap Cards^[2].
• Effects that activate in the Graveyard like "Karma of the Destruction Swordsman", or the effect of "Artifact Ignition" that activates when it is destroyed, are of Spell Speed 1^[2].
• Quick-Play Spells in your hand can be activated when you have priority during your turn^[2].
• Set Quick-Play Spells on the field can be activated during either player's turn when that player has priority^[2].
• Quick-Play Spells cannot be activated during the turn in which they are Set^[2].
• After activating a Quick-Play Spell and applying its effect, it is sent to the Graveyard^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 29
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 120

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The big difference between Spells and Traps is that you can activate Trap Cards during your opponent's turn. Before you can activate a Trap Card, you must Set it on the field first. You cannot activate a Trap in the same turn that you Set it, but you can activate it at any time after that-starting from the beginning of the next turn.

Furthermore, Spell Cards can be Set face-down on the field like Trap Cards. However, the rules for the two types of cards are different. Spell Cards can be activated during the Main Phases even in the same turn that you Set them (except for Quick-Play Spell Cards). Setting them does not allow you to use them on your opponent's turn; they still can only be activated during your Main Phase.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 30

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Activating:

• Activating Trap Cards starts a chain. With the exception of Counter Traps, Trap Cards are of Spell Speed 2. Counter Traps are of Spell Speed 3.
• Trap Cards must be Set. However, if the effect of "Makyura the Destructor" that says "you can activate Trap Cards from your hand." is applied, you can activate Trap Cards during either player's turn when you have priority.
• Trap Cards Set on the field can be activated during either player's turn when that player has priority.
• Trap Cards cannot be activated during the turn in which they are Set. However, if the effect of "Temple of the Kings" that says "You can activate 1 Trap Card the turn it was Set." is being applied, they can be activated just like Trap Cards Set in previous turns.
• If a Set Trap Card is activated, it is changed from being face-down to face-up in the Spell & Trap Zone.
• If a Trap Card is activated, cards that negate the activation of Trap Cards can be activated in a chain.
• A Trap Card that had its activation negated is sent to the Graveyard, providing no particular effect is being applied. In that case, the Trap Card that is sent to the Graveyard is not treated as being sent from the hand or field to the Graveyard.
• Activated Trap Cards are treated as being face-up on the field.
• Trap Cards are sent to the Graveyard after applying their effects, with the exception of Continuous Traps and some Normal Traps.

Setting:

• During their Main Phase, once the turn player has priority and they do not wish to activate or resolve an effect, the turn player can place Trap Cards from their hand face-down.
• Placing Trap Cards face-down is called Setting them.
• The information of face-down Trap Cards, including whether they are a Spell or Trap Card or not, is private to the opponent. The controller of those face-down cards can always verify them.
• If there are no available Spell & Trap Zones, Trap Cards cannot be Set.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 122-123

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Before you can activate a Trap Card, you must Set it on the field first. You cannot activate a Trap in the same turn that you Set it, but you can activate it at any time after that - starting from the beginning of the next turn.

Normal Trap Cards have single-use effects and once their effects are resolved, they will be sent to the Graveyard, just like Normal Spell Cards. They are also similar to Normal Spell Cards because once activated, their effects are not likely to be stopped. However, your opponent can destroy your face-down Trap Cards on the turn they were Set, or before the time is right to activate them.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 30

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• Unless stated otherwise, Continuous Trap keep exerting their effects as long as they remain face-up in a Spell & Trap Zone^[2].
• There are Continuous Traps that have effects that can activate under certain conditions after their activation. In that case, this is treated as activating an effect and not as activating a Trap Card^[2].
• The effects of face-up Continuous Traps that activate are of Spell Speed 2. As a result, they can be activated in a chain to the activation of cards or effects in most cases^[2].
• The effects of Continuous Traps can be resolved when that card is activated, provided the conditions to activate it are met when the card is activated^[2].
  Example

  When "Dark Contract with the Witch" is activated from being face-down, its effect that says "You can send 1 "D/D" or "Dark Contract" card from your hand to the Graveyard, then target 1 card on the field; destroy it." can be applied. Also, in most cases, when a card is activated from being face-down, only its activation can be performed.

  ---

  • As an exception, there are effects that cannot be activated when the card is activated^[2].
    Example

    Since the effect of "Yang Zing Unleashed" that says "During either player's Main Phase or Battle Phase: You can send this face-up card from your Spell & Trap Zone to the Graveyard; immediately after this effect resolves, Synchro Summon 1 Synchro Monster, using 1 or more "Yang Zing" monsters you control as Synchro Materials." needs to send "Yang Zing Unleashed" itself to the Graveyard, it cannot be applied when "Yang Zing Unleashed" is activated. It must be activated in a new chain after the activation of the card is finished.

    ---

  • Continuous(-like) Effects apply before the effect at activation even begins resolving^[3].
    Example

    You control a Set "Void Launch". If you control a non-"Infernoid" monster, you can active it. If you choose to activate "Void Launch"'s effect that sends "Infernoid" monsters to the Graveyard as part of the card activation, before that effect begins resolving, "Void Launch" will be sent to the Graveyard by its own effect. As a result, you will then be unable to send "Infernoid" monsters from your Deck to the Graveyard.

    ---

• Effects of Continuous Traps stop applying immediately when they leave the field. Also, if a Continuous Trap that has already been activated activates an effect, and that Continuous Trap is destroyed by a card effect activated in a chain, the effect of the Continuous Trap does not resolve^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 31
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 124-125
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Continuous Effects applying before the effect at activation even begins resolving

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• Counter Traps are of Spell Speed 3. As a result, they can be activated in a chain to all cards and effects^[2].
• Counter Traps are activated on the timing when a monster is Normal/Flip/Special Summoned, cards are drawn, or when an attack is declared. Otherwise, they are activated in a chain to the activation of a card or effect^[2].
• Counter Traps that negate the activations of cards or effects must be activated in a chain to the activation of the card or effect that is to be negated^[2].
  Example

  If "Dust Tornado" is activated in a chain to the activation of "Mystical Space Typhoon", "Magic Jammer" cannot be activated in a chain to negate the activation of "Mystical Space Typhoon".

  ---

  • As an exception, cards like "Vanity's Call" that have an effect that negates the activation of all previous cards in the chain also exist^[2].
• Counter Traps are sent to the Graveyard after being activated and applying their effects^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 31
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 125

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Monster Tokens are monsters that appear on the field as the result of a card's effect, for example "Scapegoat"[1].

• They are not included in the Deck, and cannot be sent anywhere other than the field, such as the hand or Graveyard^[1].
• When a Token is destroyed or returned to the hand or Deck, they are simply removed from the field instead^[1]. If Monster Tokens leave the field, they do not go to the Graveyard and are removed from the Duel^[2].
• Each Monster Token takes up 1 of your 5 Monster Zones^[1].
• Their battle position is always either face-up Attack Position or face-up Defense Position^[1]. Monster Tokens cannot be in face-down Defense Position^[2].
• Monster Tokens cannot be sent to the Graveyard to activate effects^[2].
• Monster Tokens can be used as Synchro, Fusion ad Link Materials. In that case, they are not sent to the Graveyard and are removed from the Duel^[2].
• Tokens cannot be used as an Xyz Material^[1].
• Tokens on the field are treated as Normal Monsters^[1]. If the activation or resolution of some effect is related to the Monster Token, those effects belong to the effect of the card that Special Summoned the Monster Token^[2].
  Example

  The effect of an "Deus Token" summoned by the effect of "Darklord Asmodeus", which says ""Deus Token" cannot be destroyed by battle", is not applied as the effect of the "Deus Token", but rather as part of the effect of "Darklord Asmodeus".

  ---

• The original ATK of Monster Tokens is the value determined by the effect that summoned them. If an ATK/DEF value of "?" is printed on the effect that summoned the token, the original ATK/DEF of the token is "?"^[3].
  Example

  When your opponent's "Blue-Eyes White Dragon" attacks you directly and you take 3000 damage, you activate "The Golden Apples" and Special Summon a "Malus Token". the ATK and DEF of the "Malus Token" will each be 3000. If your opponent then activates "Half Shut" and targets the "Malus Token", its current ATK of 3000 becomes half that value, so it will have 1500 ATK (The DEF remains 3000). Then, when the turn ends and the effect of "Half Shut" stops applying, the ATK of the "Malus Token" returns to its original value (Since the original ATK of the "Malus Token" is "?", the ATK becomes 0. The ATK never returns to 3000, but the DEF remains 3000)^[4].

  ---

Effect interactions

• Banish
  The Token stops existing, but this event is not treated as a card being banished^[5].
  Example

  The effect of "Soul Absorption" does not activate if a "Sheep Token" you control is banished by the effect of an opponent's "Caius the Shadow Monarch": at the time the token would leave the field it stops existing, and as a result, a card is not banished.

  ---

• Banish until (temporarily banish a card)
  The Token disappears and won't reapper again even when the effect of temporarily banishing stops applying^[6].
  Example

  You have resolved "S:P Little Knight"'s "banish both [targeted monsters] until the End Phase" effect, banishing both itself and a Token. The targeted Token disappears, and "S:P Little Knight" is banished until the End Phase. At that point, "S:P Little Knight" returns to the Monster Zone as usual.

  ---

• Equipping Monsters
  Tokens placed in the Spell & Trap Zone have the ATK printed on the card that Special Summoned the Token^[7].
  Example

  "The Grand Jupiter" can be equipped with a Token by its own effect. For example, if a "Photon Token" that was Special Summoned by the effect of Photon Sanctuary is equipped to "The Grand Jupiter", the second effect of "The Grand Jupiter" will increase its own ATK by the original ATK of the equipped "Photon Token", which is 2000.

  ---

• Return/Add to the Hand
  The Token stops existing^[8].
  Example

  You can target a Token Monster with the effect of "Fairy Tail - Luna". The Token is removed from the field and "Fairy Tail - Luna" is returned to the hand as normal.

  ---

• Summon from Spell/Trap/Pendulum Zone
  
  • Tokens cannot be Special Summoned from the Spell & Trap Zone^[9].
    Example

    "The Grand Jupiter" can be equipped with a Token by its own effect. The equipped Token cannot be targeted when activating the last effect of "The Grand Jupiter" that Special Summons one of the monsters equipped to it.

    ---

• Another example being "Divine Temple of the Snake-Eye": it cannot summon a Token from the Spell/Trap Zone^[10].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 49
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 106
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Original ATK of Monster Tokens
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "The Golden Apples", "Half Shut"
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Soul Absorption" and Tokens
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "S:P Little Knight" more interactions
7. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Tokens placed in the Spell & Trap Zone have the ATK printed on the card that Special Summoned the Token
8. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Fairy Tail - Luna" and Tokens
9. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Tokens cannot be Special Summoned from the Spell & Trap Zone
10. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Divine Temple of the Snake-Eye"

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If a Token's (1) properties (Attribute, Type, ATK, DEF and/or Level...) satisfy a certain card's (2) activation requirement and (2) requires to banish a Monster with those properties, (2) can be activated. If (1) is banished because of (2)'s cost, (2) resolves normally even if (1) original properties were not originally the one necessary to fulfil the activation of (2).

Example

While the effect of "DNA Surgery" is applying, and Dragon-Type is declared, you can target a Monster Token treated as Dragon-Type to banish with the effect of "Dragon's Rebirth". Even in this case, the effect of Special Summoning a Dragon-Type monster from your hand or Graveyard is applied normally.

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "DNA Surgery", "Dragon's Rebirth"

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A counter is a marker that may need to place on cards for some card effects[1].

• Counters themselves do not perform any effect^[2].
• You cannot place counters unless a card effect allows it^[1].
• Cards may have effects that change with the number of counters on them, or require you to remove counters as a cost^[1].
• Some counters have specific names, such as "Spell Counter" or "Clock Counter." Other than their names, each individual counter itself does not have any effects^[1].
• Counters can be removed for the cost of an effect of the resolution of an effect^[2].
• Counters cannot be placed on face-down cards. If a card that has counters placed on itself is flipped face-down, those counters are removed^[2].

Effect interactions

• Change to Face-down Defense Position
  If a card that has counters placed on itself is flipped face-down, those counters are removed^[2].
• Negate Effects
  
  • If counters that can only be placed on a particular card like itself are placed on a card that has its effects negated, those counters are removed^[2].
    Example

    If a "Gateway to Chaos" that had Spell Counters placed on itself by its effect that says "Each time a Monster Card(s) is sent from the hand or field to the Graveyard, place 1 Spell Counter on this card for each of those cards" has its effects negated by an effect like "Silent Swordsman LV7", the Spell Counters are removed.

    ---

• If counters are placed on another card by an effect that places counters, even if the effects of that card are negated, the counters are not removed^[2].
  Example

  Ice Counters placed by the effect of "Snowdust Giant" that says "reveal any number of WATER monsters from your hand, and place that many Ice Counters on face-up monsters on the field" are not removed if "Snowdust Giant" has its effects negated.

  ---

• Unaffected
  Placing a counter affects the monster^[3]:
  • A monster (1) that has a counter placed on it and an effect is applying to all monsters with that counter (2). Even if (1) becomes unaffected by cards' effects, the counter is not removed and (2) keeps applying and affecting (1).
  • A monster (1) is unaffected or becomes unaffected by cards' effects. Subsequent effects that try to put counters on (1) will not put any counter on (1).
  Example

  A monster has had a "Cubic Counter" placed on it by the effect of "Vijam the Cubic Seed". Once a monster has had a "Cubic Counter" placed on it, even if the effect of "Number 81: Superdreadnought Rail Cannon Super Dora" is then applied to the monster, the "Cubic Counter" is not removed. That monster remains unable to attack, and its effects remain negated. Conversely, if the effect of "Number 81: Superdreadnought Rail Cannon Super Dora" has already been applied to a monster, and that monster then battles a "Vijam the Cubic Seed" whose effect then resolves, no "Cubic Counter" will be placed on the monster (As a result, its effects will not be negated, and it will still be able to attack).

  ---

References:

1. Official rulebook page 51
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 171-172
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Placing a counter affects the monster

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If there is a discrepancy between the basic rules and a card's effect, the card effect takes precedence. For example, a monster can only attack once per turn, but with a card effect, it is possible to attack twice.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 50

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Aside from Link Monsters, cards in the Monster Zones are placed on the field in either face-up Attack Position, face-up Defense Position, or face-down Defense Position.

• Link Monsters are always placed in face-up Attack Position in Monster Zones.
• Unless stated otherwise, if an effect that says "change the battle position" is applied, the battle position is changed to one of the following battle positions:
  • Face-up Attack Position ⇒ Face-up Defense Position
  • Face-up Defense Position ⇒ Face-up Attack Position
  • Face-down Defense Position ⇒ Face-up Attack Position (Flip Summon)

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 104

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Monster Cards placed in a Monster Zone vertically and face-up are in face-up Attack Position.

• Monsters in face-up Attack Position can perform attack declarations during the Battle Step of the Battle Phase.
• If a face-up Attack Position monster battles, the ATK value of that monster is used to perform damage calculation.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 104

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Monster Cards placed in a Monster Zone horizontally and face-up are in face-up Defense Position.

• Face-up Defense Position monsters cannot perform attack declarations except in special occasions.
• If a face-up Defense Position monster battles, the DEF value of that monster is used to perform damage calculation.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 104

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Monsters placed on the field in a Monster Zone horizontally and face-down are in face-down Defense Position^[1].

• The Monster Information of face-down Monsters like their card name/Level/Attribute/Type/Monster Type/Effect Text/etc. is private to the opponent. The controller of those cards can always verify face-down monsters^[1].
• Face-down monsters are not affected by effects that change the card name, Type, Attribute, ATK/DEF, Level or Rank of monsters on the field^[1].
• Face-down monsters cannot perform attack declarations^[1].
• If a face-down Defense Position monster battles, it is changed to face-up Defense Position before damage calculation and the DEF value of that monster is used to perform damage calculation^[1].
• If a monster that needs to meet particular requirements must be sent to the Graveyard/returned to the hand/returned to the Deck/etc. in order to activate or resolve an effect like "send 1 [X]-Type monster to the Graveyard;" (cost), face-down monsters cannot be chosen as it is not possible for both players to verify that those conditions are met. However, if monsters that need to meet particular requirements must be Tributed for a Tribute Summon or to activate/resolve an effect, the controller of those face-down monsters can Tribute them^[1].
  Example

  A face-down Plant-Type monster cannot be sent to the Graveyard as a cost to activate the effect of "Orea, the Sylvan High Arbiter" that says "You can send 1 Plant-Type monster from your hand or face-up from your side of the field to the Graveyard;". However, a face-down monster can be Tributed as a cost to activate the effect of "Pollinosis" that says "Tribute 1 Plant-Type monster;".

  ---

• Face-down monsters cannot be affected by the effects of cards that must target a monster that meets particular requirements like "target 1 [X]-Type monster"^[1].
  Example

  A face-down "Decoy Dragon" cannot be targeted to activate the effect of "Dragon's Rebirth" that says "Target 1 Dragon-Type monster you control;".

  ---

If used as materials:

• If monsters on the field are Tributed (for a Tribute Summon or Ritual Summon), face-down monsters can also be tributed^[2].
• If you use monsters on your side of the field as Fusion Materials, you can also use face-down monsters^[3]. Fusion Monsters that say "you do not use Polymerization" can be Special Summoned by the method they list. Face-down monsters on the field can also be used for this Special Summon, like for a normal Fusion Summon^[4].
• Only face-up monsters can be used for a Synchro Summon^[5].
• Only face-up monsters can be used for an Xyz Summon^[6].
• Only face-up monsters can be used for a Link Summon^[7].

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 105-106
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 79, 85
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 87
4. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 88, 90
5. Official rulebook pages 20-21
6. Official rulebook pages 18-19
7. Official rulebook pages 12-15

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• During their Main Phase, once the turn player has priority and they do not wish to activate or resolve an effect, the turn player can choose to change the battle position of a monster on the field.
• You can change the battle positions of monsters any number of times per turn, but a single monster can only have its battle position changed once per turn. However, the number of times the battle position is changed by a card effect is not counted.
• A monster that performed an attack declaration cannot have its battle position changed during that turn.
• The battle position of a monster is changed to one of the following battle positions depending on its previous battle position.
  • Face-up Attack Position ⇒ Face-up Defense Position
  • Face-up Defense Position ⇒ Face-up Attack Position
  • Face-down Defense Position ⇒ Face-up Attack Position (Flip Summon)

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 106

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Examples
	Pentestag 2 Effect Monsters If your linked monster attacks a Defense Position monster, inflict piercing battle damage to your opponent.
	Ookazi Inflict 800 damage to your opponent.
	Dimension Wall Activate only when an opponent's monster declares an attack. Instead of you, your opponent takes the Battle Damage you would have taken from this battle.

• If damage is taken by an effect, that player's LP is reduced by that amount.
• If LP is paid for a cost or LP is lost by an effect, this is not treated as taking damage.
  Example

  When you lose LP by the clause of "Soul Charge" that says "Special Summon them, and if you do, you lose 1000 LP for each monster Special Summoned by this effect.", the effect of "D/D/D Rebel King Leonidas" that says "You take no effect damage." cannot be applied.

  ---

• An effect reads "inflict battle damage" like effects that say "when it attacks a Defense Position monster, inflict piercing battle damage to your opponent", that damage is treated as battle damage.
• For effects that make the opponent take the battle damage you would take, the battle damage that is exchanged is treated as battle damage.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 164

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Damage inflicted to the LP as a result of monsters battling is called battle damage. To reiterate:

• The damage taken by a player from a Defense Position monster is also battle damage.
• The damage from effects that say "inflict battle damage" is not treated as effect damage, and it is treated as battle damage.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 192

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You calculate battle damage based on the battle position of the monster you are attacking. If you attack an Attack Position monster, compare ATK vs. ATK. If you attack a Defense Position monster, compare your monster's ATK vs. the attacked monster's DEF^[1].

ATK. of the attacking Monster VS. ATK of Opponent's Monster[1]
WIN	When your attacking monster's ATK is higher than the ATK of the opponent's monster, the attacking monster destroys the opponent's monster and sends it to the Graveyard. The amount that your attacking monster's ATK exceeds the ATK of your opponent's monster is subtracted from your opponent's LP as battle damage.
TIE	When your attacking monster's ATK is equal to the ATK of the opponent's monster, the result is considered a tie, and both monsters are destroyed. Neither player takes any battle damage. Monsters with 0 ATK cannot destroy anything by battle. If two Attack Position monsters with 0 ATK battle each other, neither monster is destroyed. (Official rulebook page 50)
LOSE	When your attacking monster's ATK is lower than the ATK of the opponent's monster, the attacking monster is destroyed and sent to the Graveyard. The amount that the opponent's monster's ATK exceeds the ATK of your attacking monster is subtracted from your LP as battle damage.

ATK. of the attacking Monster VS. DEF of Opponent's Monster[1]
WIN	When your attacking monster's ATK is higher than the DEF of the opponent's monster, the attacking monster destroys the opponent's monster and sends it to the Graveyard. Neither player takes any battle damage.
TIE	When your attacking monster's ATK is equal to the DEF of the opponent's monster, neither monster is destroyed. Neither player takes any battle damage.
LOSE	When your attacking monster's ATK is lower than the DEF of the opponent's monster, neither monster is destroyed. The amount that the opponent's monster's DEF exceeds the ATK of your attacking monster is subtracted from your LP as battle damage.

If there are no monsters on your opponent's side of the field, you can attack directly. The full amount of your attacking monster's ATK is subtracted from the opponent's LP as battle damage^[1].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 42-43, 50

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There also exist effects that modify battle damage by doubling it, make your opponent take it instead, reduce it to zero, gain life points instead of taking it and so on. In such cases battle damage is determined by considering different types of effects in the following order^[1]:

1. This card inflicts double battle damage (this phrasing exactly with "battle damage" as object of the phrase, in Japanese it is "倍の戦闘ダメージを与える").
2. Battle damage is taken by both players.
3. Battle damage you take is also inflicted to your opponent / your opponent takes any battle damage you would take instead.
4. Battle damage is treated as effect damage.
5. The player gains Life Points instead of taking battle damage.
6. Battle damage becomes 0.
7. Battle damage is halved.
8. Battle damage is doubled (this phrasing exactly with "battle damage" as subject of the phrase, in Japanese it is "戦闘ダメージは倍になる").
9. Battle damage becomes [value].
10. You do not take battle damage if it is more or less than [value] (however, note that if the Battle Damage has become 0 when applying "06" effects, the remaining effects are not applied).

Take as an example "Ohime the Manifested Mikanko" (effect type "03") equipped with "Double-Edged Sword" (effect type "02"), so that "Ohime the Manifested Mikanko"'s ATK is 2000^[1]:

• When it attacks directly:

  What applies	Battle Damage to the opponent	Battle Damage to you
  Normal circumstances	2000	0
  Apply "02"	2000	2000
  Apply "03"	4000	0

• When it is in Defense Position and attacked by "Blue-Eyes Chaos MAX Dragon" (effect type "01"):

  What applies	Battle Damage to the opponent	Battle Damage to you
  Normal circumstances	0	4000
  Apply "01"	0	8000
  Apply "02"	8000	8000
  Apply "03"	16000	0

• When it battles "Number C96: Dark Storm" and both monsters are in Attack Position (effect type "03"):

  What applies	Battle Damage to the opponent	Battle Damage to you
  Normal circumstances	1000	0
  Apply "02"	1000	1000
  Apply both simultaneously and once "03"	2000	1000

  If the effect of "Number C96: Dark Storm" or "Ohime the Manifested Mikanko" make the opponent take battle damage, the effect of the other monster is not applied to that damage.
• When it battles an opponent's "Ohime the Manifested Mikanko" and both monsters are in Attack Position (effect type "03"):

  What applies	Battle Damage to the opponent	Battle Damage to you
  Normal circumstances	2000	0
  Apply "02"	2000	2000
  Apply both simultaneously and once "03"	2000	2000

  If the effect of "Ohime the Manifested Mikanko" makes the opponent take battle damage, the effect of the other is not applied to that damage.
• When it battles an opponent's "Odd-Eyes Pendulum Dragon" (effect type "08") and both monsters are in Attack Position:

  What applies	Battle Damage to the opponent	Battle Damage to you
  Normal circumstances	0	500
  Apply "02"	500	500
  Apply "03"	1000	0
  Apply "08"	1000	0x2

  Since "Odd-Eyes Pendulum Dragon" does not inflict any damage to the opponent (you), the battle damage is not doubled.

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Ohime the Manifested Mikanko", "Double-Edged Sword"

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Damage inflicted to the LP as a result of an effect is called effect damage.

• Inflicting 0 damage is still something that happened^[1].
  Example

  Your opponent has just resolved the first effect of their "Destruction Dragon", which was activated by targeting a "Phantom of Chaos" in your Monster Zone. In this situation, a monster you control was destroyed by the effect of your opponent's "Destruction Dragon". Even though the ATK of your destroyed "Phantom of Chaos" is zero, the "if it was a Monster Card, inflict damage to your opponent equal to its original ATK" effect of "Destruction Dragon" is still also applied (you will take 0 damage as a result of this). So you cannot activate a card like "Soul Rope" that needs the last action to happen to be the destruction of the monster, as the last action happened was you taking 0 damage.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Inflicting zero damage is still something that happened

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The controller of a card is the player who is using that card ^[1]. For effects of cards, the player who activates that effect is the controller. When an effect resolves, "you/the opponent" is seen from the point of view of the controller of that effect ^[1].

Example

Even if you activate the effect of "Raiden, Hand of the Lightsworn" that says " You can send the top 2 cards of your Deck to the GY" and the opponent activates "Enemy Controller" in a chain, taking control of "Raiden, Hand of the Lightsworn", it is you, the player who activated the effect of "Raiden, Hand of the Lightsworn", that resolves it.

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• Cards you "control" are the cards in your Monster Zone, Spell & Trap Zone, Field Zone, and Pendulum Zone^[2].
• Cards in your "possession" include all cards you control, plus the cards in your hand, Deck, Extra Deck, Graveyard, your banished cards, cards in the middle of being Summoned to your side of the field, and Xyz Materials attached to monsters you control^[2].
• Cards you "own" are cards that you possessed at the start of the Duel. The card's owner is distinct from its possessor: while the controller of a card may change, its owner cannot. All cards in a player's Main Deck and Extra Deck at the start of the Duel (before drawing their opening hand) are considered to be owned by that player. Token Monsters are owned by the player who Special Summoned them. When a card is returned to the hand, Main Deck or Extra Deck, is sent to the Graveyard, or is banished, it returns to its owner's possession^[3].

If a player takes control of a card from their opponent, move it to the new controller's side of the field. If sent to the Graveyard, or returned to the hand or Deck, it is always returned to the Graveyard/hand/Deck of the original owner^[2].

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 128
2. Official rulebook page 53
3. Yugipedia

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The following are public knowledge, both players can verify these things at any time and if asked, you must answer these things to your opponent truthfully^[1]:

• The number of cards in a player's hand^[1].
  • If a card is revealed to the hand to the opponent by a particular effect, the card in the hand becomes public knowledge. If the effect that revealed the card is no longer applied, that card becomes private^[4].
• The number of cards in a player's Decks^[1] (both Main^[2] and Extra^[3]).
  • The Pendulum Monsters that were added to the Extra Deck face-up are public knowledge. Both players can always verify the face-up cards in both Extra Decks^[3].
• The cards in a player's Graveyard. You are allowed to pick up and verify the cards in your opponent's Graveyard but you must ask their permission first. You may not change the order of the cards when verifying their Graveyard^[1].
• The information of cards banished face-up and the number of banished cards is public knowledge. Both players can always verify the information of face-up banished cards, as well as the total number of cards that are banished face-up and face-down^[5].
• A player's current LP^[1].

The following are private knowledge:

• The cards in your Main Deck are always private. Aside from effects that let you search cards in the Deck like "add a card from the Deck to the hand" or "Special Summon a monster from the Deck", the order and information of cards in the Deck cannot be verified by either player^[2].
• The face-down cards in the Extra Deck are private to the opponent^[3].
• The cards in the hand are private information to the opponent^[4].
  • If a card is revealed to the hand to the opponent by a particular effect, the card in the hand becomes public knowledge. If the effect that revealed the card is no longer applied, that card becomes private^[4].
• Face-down banished cards are private information, in most cases only the owner can verify them^[5].
• The Monster Information of face-down Monsters like their card name/Level/Attribute/Type/Monster Type/Effect Text/etc. is private to the opponent. The controller of those cards can always verify face-down monsters^[6].
• The information of face-down Spell/Trap Cards, including whether they are a Spell Card or a Trap Card or not, is private to the opponent. However, face-down Field Spell Cards in the Field Zone are treated as Field Spell Cards. The controller of face-down Spell or Traps can always verify them^[6].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 50
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 42
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 47
4. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 52
5. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 53
6. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 105-106
7. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 116, 123

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If LP or ATK/DEF are halved by some effect, so that the result has decimal values, the calculation is rounded up.

Example

If you have 525 LP and you activate "Solemn Judgment" by paying half your LP, your remaining LP becomes 263.

---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 128

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If the ATK or DEF values are reduced by some effect and the final result would be equal or lower to 0, the value becomes 0. Also, if the reduced value would be referenced, the actual value that was modified is referenced.

Example

If a 1000 ATK monster would have its ATK reduced by 1400 by the effect of "Black-Winged Dragon" that says "that target loses 700 ATK for each Black Feather Counter you removed, and if it does, inflict damage to your opponent equal to the ATK lost by this effect.", the ATK of that monster becomes 0 as a result, and 1000 damage is inflicted to the opponent as a result.

---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 129

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To activate is to use a card or effect in a way that makes a Chain Link^[1].

• Activating a card: when the card is placed face-up on the field^[1].
• Activating an effect: when the effect of a card that is already face-up is activated^[1].

Chains are a way to order the resolution of multiple card effects. They are used when the effects of more than 1 card are activated at once, or when a player wants to use an effect after a card has been played, but BEFORE that card has an effect on the game^[2].

If a card's effect is activated, the opponent is always given a chance to respond with a card effect of their own, creating a Chain. If your opponent responds with an effect, then you can choose to respond and add another effect to the Chain. If your opponent does not respond, you may activate a second effect and create a Chain to your own card's activation. Both players continue to add effects to the Chain until they both wish to add nothing else, then you resolve the outcome in reverse order - starting with the last card that was activated^[2].

As shown in the diagram, the first effect activated is Chain Link 1. The next effect is Chain Link 2, and so on. Every time a new Chain Link is made, they are stacked up in the order that the cards are activated. Once the Chain is completed, the outcome is resolved starting with the most recent card to be activated at the top of the Chain and proceeding down to Chain Link 1^[2].

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 28
2. Official rulebook page 44

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Every type of card effect has a Spell Speed between 1 and 3. If you want to respond to a card effect in a Chain, you have to use an effect with Spell Speed 2 or higher, and it cannot have a lower Spell Speed than the effect you are responding to. Spell, Trap, and Effect Monster effects have different Spell Speeds. There are Spell Speeds from 1 to 3. You can only respond with an effect if it is Spell Speed 2 or higher, and has an equal or greater Spell Speed than the effect on the Chain Link before it.

Spell Speed 1	Includes: Spells (Normal, Equip, Continuous, Field, Ritual), Effect Monster's effects (Ignition, Trigger, and Flip) This is the slowest of all Spell Speeds. These cards cannot be activated in response to any other effects. Typically, these effects cannot be Chain Link 2 or higher, unless multiple Spell Speed 1 effects are activated simultaneously.
Spell Speed 2	Includes: Traps (Normal, Continuous) Quick-Play Spells Effect Monster's Quick Effects These cards can be used to respond to a Spell Speed 1 or 2 effect, and can typically be activated during any phase.
Spell Speed 3	Includes: Counter Trap This is the fastest of all Spell Speeds and can be used to respond to a card of any Spell Speed. Only another Spell Speed 3 card may be used to respond to these cards.

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 44-45

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You can only create a Chain by responding to the activation of a card or effect. Summoning a monster, Tributing, changing a monster's battle position and paying costs are not effect activations and therefore you cannot respond to those actions using a Chain.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 51

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Cards are sent to the Graveyard only at chain resolution.

Example

During your opponent's Battle Phase, you activate the effect of "Escalation of the Monarchs". Furthermore, you chain "Heavy Storm Duster" and target 2 of your opponent's Spell/Trap Cards to destroy. "Vision HERO Witch Raider" is a Level 8 monster that requires 2 Tributes, but you can also Tribute Trap Cards on your field as well as monsters when Tribute Summoning it. In this scenario, when the effect of "Escalation of the Monarchs" is applied and the Tribute Summon is performed, there are 2 Trap Cards on your field, so you may Tribute them to Tribute Summon "Vision HERO Witch Raider" face-up.

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Immediately-afters and cards being sent to the GY at chain resolution

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Events are not responded to until the chain has resolved.

Example

Your opponent activates the effect of "Vision HERO Faris" that Special Summons it from the hand, by discarding a "Vision HERO Vyon" from their hand. You have "Consolation Prize" set on your field. In this scenario, "Consolation Prize" cannot be activated by chaining to that card effect. After that activated effect resolves, "Consolation Prize" can be activated in a new Chain. Therefore, in this situation, when your opponent activates the second effect of "Vision HERO Faris" that places a "Vision HERO" monster from their Deck face-up in their Spell & Trap Zone, you can chain "Consolation Prize" (if your opponent does not activate the second effect of "Vision HERO Faris", you can activate "Consolation Prize" as Chain Link 1).

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Events are not responded to until the chain has resolved

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Fast effects are card activations and effects with a Spell Speed of 2 or higher, including monster Quick Effects, Quick-Play Spell Cards, and Trap Cards (which includes both activating Trap Cards, and activating the effects of things like Continuous Trap Cards).

Fast effects can be activated by either player - even during their opponent's turn, as long as the conditions are appropriate. When both players want to activate fast effects at the same time, they are placed on a Chain.

Sometimes, it can make a big difference WHO places their fast effect on the Chain first: this can determine who "goes next".

• Usually, the turn player has the chance to "go next" and activate the next fast effect.
• However, during a Chain, the chance to go next passes back and forth between players.
• Also, if the turn player doesn't wish to take any actions, and instead wants to move along in the turn (for example, to the next Step or Phase), the opponent has an opportunity to go next, and activate a fast effect, before the turn proceeds.

Follow the chart to see which player can "go next" regarding fast effects.

References:

1. Official KONAMI's rule

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Each Phase and Step starts with the turn player in box A of the chart listed below. This is when the game state is "open", meaning the turn player has complete freedom of action.

Many actions can ONLY be performed when the game state is open (when you're in box A). Examples:

• Normal Summon (including Tribute Summon)
• Set a card
• Perform a Special Summon that does not start a Chain (including Xyz Summon, Synchro Summon)
• Change a monster's Battle Position
• Attempt to move to the next Phase/Step
• Draw a card for your normal draw during the Draw Phase
• Declare an attack
• Activate an Ignition Effect
• Activate a Spell Speed 1 Spell Card

If the game state is "open", the turn player may perform any of the above actions that is appropriate. They can also choose to activate a fast effect, if they wish.

Whenever either player performs an action, the game state is no longer open, but "closed". If the game state is "closed", then only fast effects can be activated, dependent on Fast Effect Timing rules.

When nothing is going on, and neither player wishes to do anything, the game state goes back to being "open". Technically, this means:

• IF the Turn Player has the chance to activate the next fast effect
• AND the turn player passes to the opponent
• AND the opponent then passes back
• AND no Chain is currently being formed then the game state is open again.

References:

1. Official KONAMI's article

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If the game state is open, and the turn player chooses not to do anything, and the opponent waives the chance to activate a fast effect, and both players agree to have the turn proceed, then you move to the next Phase or Step.

Status		Are we now in a Chain?	Who "goes next"?	Where are we on the chart?
The game state is open. The turn player gets to take the next action, and can take any action that is appropriate for that phase/step.		No	Turn Player	A
After an action that does NOT start a Chain (Normal Summon/Set  of a monster, Set a Card, Special Summon that does not start a Chain, declare an attack, change battle position, etc).	If there is an effect that is triggered.	Yes	The player who did NOT activate the last effect on the Chain.	D
	If there is no effect that can be triggered.	No	Turn Player	B
	If the Turn Player passes.	No	Opponent	C
Turn player activates a card or card effect (Spells, Traps, Spell/Trap effects, or Monster Card effects - of any Spell Speed)		Yes	The player who did NOT activate the effect.	D
After a Chain resolves	If there is an effect that is triggered.	Yes	The player who did NOT activate the last effect on the Chain.	D
	If there is no effect that can be triggered.	No	Turn Player	B
	If the Turn Player passes.	No	Opponent	C
Turn player passes		No	Opponent	E

References:

1. Official KONAMI's rule

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The turn player always starts with Priority, or the choice to activate a card first, in each phase or step of their turn. As long as the turn player has Priority, the opponent cannot activate cards or effects, except for effects that activate automatically, like Trigger or Flip effects. The turn player can either:

• Use Priority to play a card or activate an effect
• Pass Priority to the opponent so they can activate an effect.

A player must pass Priority to the opponent when moving on to the next phase or step. Strictly speaking, you would always declare that you're passing Priority before the end of every phase and step, and ask your opponent if they wish to play a card. However, for ease of play, announcing the end of your phases or steps implies giving up Priority. Therefore, when announcing the end of a phase, your opponent can just say "Before the end of your phase, I activate this card" and use a card.

• The turn player starts with Priority to activate a card or effect first
• After a card's activation, and at the end of each phase or step, Priority passes to the opponent.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 48

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For cases like "Each player targets 1 monster," where both players resolve an effect simultaneously, the turn player resolves the effect first. In this example, after the turn player makes their selection, the other player makes theirs.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 50

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If effects of Spell Speed 1 cards (like Trigger Effects) are activated at the same time, they will be resolved in a special Chain. This Chain is made starting with the turn player's mandatory effects. If there is only 1 effect, that will be Chain Link 1.

If there are 2 or more effects:

• The turn player builds the Chain starting with their mandatory effects, in any order.
• Then the opponent continues the Chain with their mandatory effects in any order.
• Afterwards, the turn player adds their optional effects in any order.
• And finally the opponent adds their optional effects in any order.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 50

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• Mandatory Trigger Effect followed by Mandatory Quick Effect: you Tribute Summon "Light and Darkness Dragon" by Tributing your "Sangan" and "Dandylion". The effects of both "Sangan" and "Dandylion" are mandatory to activate. If both of them are owned by the same player, they are placed on the Chain as Chain Link 1 and Chain Link 2, in any order. Afterwards, "Light and Darkness Dragon"'s effect is activated as Chain Link 3. The activation of Chain Link 2 will then be negated by "Light and Darkness Dragon"'s effect^[1].
• Mandatory Quick Effect not directly chained to the card that prompts it activation timing: you activate "Harpie's Feather Duster", and your opponent's "Magic Formula" and "Black Pendant" are destroyed. At this time, your opponent activates the effect of "Black Pendant" that inflicts 500 damage as Chain Link 1, and the effect of "Magic Formula" that increases their Life Points by 1000 as Chain Link 2. In this case, you can activate the effect of a "Destiny HERO - Decider" in your Graveyard that adds it to your hand and reduces the effect damage to 0. In this case, its effect becomes Chain Link 3. However, since the effect of "Destiny HERO - Decider" was not activated directly on the Chain after the effect that inflicts damage, although it will still be added to your hand, the damage from the activated effect is not reduced to 0 (in this case, you will take damage from the effect of "Black Pendant" normally)^[2].
• Multiple Mandatory Quick Effects: you control both "Light and Darkness Dragon" and "Doomcaliber Knight"^[3]:
  • After a Spell Card's activation as Chain Link 1, you will activate "Light and Darkness Dragon"'s effect as Chain Link 2. Then, you will further activate the effect of "Doomcaliber Knight" as Chain Link 3. (Since "Doomcaliber Knight"'s effect is mandatory, you do this without your opponent having the opportunity to respond first. Since "Light and Darkness Dragon"'s effect can only be activated once per Chain, it will not activate again in response to the activation of "Doomcaliber Knight"'s effect.) When this Chain resolves, the activation of "Light and Darkness Dragon"'s effect will be negated, and the Spell Card that was activated as Chain Link 1 will resolve normally.
  • After the monster effect's activation as Chain Link 1, you will choose which of "Doomcaliber Knight"'s or "Light and Darkness Dragon"'s effect to activate as Chain Link 2.
    • If you choose to activate "Doomcaliber Knight"'s effect as Chain Link 2, the effect of "Light and Darkness Dragon" must then still be activated as Chain Link 3. When the Chain resolves, "Light and Darkness Dragon"'s effect will not be applied, as it was not activated on the Chain Link following the activation of the monster effect at Chain Link 1. "Doomcaliber Knight"'s effect will then negate the activation of the original monster effect activated as Chain Link 1.
    • If you instead choose to activate "Light and Darkness Dragon"'s effect as Chain Link 2, the effect of "Doomcaliber Knight" must then be activated as Chain Link 3. In this case, the effect of "Doomcaliber Knight" will then not be applied, as it was not activated on the Chain Link following the activation of the monster effect at Chain Link 1, but the effect of "Light and Darkness Dragon" will. Thus, if the ATK and DEF of "Light and Darkness Dragon" are both 500 or more, the activation of the monster effect activated as Chain Link 1 will be negated, and "Light and Darkness Dragon"'s ATK and DEF will both decrease by 500.
      If, however, at least one of "Light and Darkness Dragon"'s ATK/DEF is less than 500, if "Light and Darkness Dragon" no longer exists face-up in a Monster Zone, or if "Light and Darkness Dragon" has been determined to be destroyed by battle, "Light and Darkness Dragon"'s effect will also not be applied. In this case, the monster effect that was activated as Chain Link 1 will then resolve normally.

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Mandatory Quick Effects + SEGOC
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Mandatory Quick Effects + SEGOC #2
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Light and Darkness Dragon" and "Doomcaliber Knight"

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If the Trigger Effect of a monster, or the effects of Spell/Trap Cards that activate with a specific timing, meet their timing during the resolution of a card or a chain, whether they can activate or not varies depending on 3 cases if they say "activate", "if [event] you can" or "when [event] you can"^[1].

1. Effects that say "activate if/when [event]" must activate (mandatory effect). As a result, if a chain or another card effect is resolving at the particular timing in which they activate, they activate after those resolutions are over^[1].
   Example

   If "Felgrand Dragon" is Special Summoned by a "Call of the Haunted" activated in a chain to a Normal Spell Card, the effect of the Normal Spell Card resolves immediately after the Special Summon. Afterwards, the effect of "Felgrand Dragon" that says "Target 1 monster in your Graveyard; this card gains ATK equal to that monster's Level x 200." activates mandatorily.

   ---

2. Effects that say "if [event] you can" can be activated if their meet their activation requirements during the resolution of other cards. If an "if [event] you can" effect meets its activation timing during the resolution of an effect/chain, you can choose to activate them after all those effects/chains finish resolving^[1].
   Example

   If "Divine Dragon Lord Felgrand" is Special Summoned by a "Call of the Haunted" activated in a chain to a Normal Spell Card, the effect of the Normal Spell Card resolves immediately after the Special Summon. Afterwards, the effect of "Divine Dragon Lord Felgrand" that says "If this card is Special Summoned from the Graveyard: You can target 1 monster your opponent controls or in their Graveyard; banish it" can be activated.

   ---

3. Effects that say "when [event] you can" (optional effect) can only be activated during that timing^[1]. They must activate their effects immediately when that something occurs. If they cannot, or something happens between the time the condition is met and the next time cards or effects can be activated, then you miss your chance to use them^[2]. Examples and scenarios:
   • If "Magma Dragon" is Special Summoned by a "Call of the Haunted" activated in a chain to a Normal Spell Card (the activated Trap is Chain Link 2 or higher), since the effect of the Normal Spell Card resolves immediately after the Special Summon, the effect of "Magma Dragon" that says "When this card is Special Summoned: You can target 1 Wyrm-Type monster in your Graveyard, except "Magma Dragon"; Special Summon it in Defense Position, but its effects are negated." cannot be activated^[1].
   • If monsters are Tributed (for a Tribute^[4] or Ritual^[5] Summon) or sent to the Graveyard to meet a Special Summon monster's summoning requirements (including Fusion^[6], Synchro, Link), the Special Summon of the monster is performed afterwards. For that reason, optional Trigger Effects that read "when it is sent to the Graveyard, you can do [effect]" that can be activated in that timing cannot be activated during that procedure^[3]. Examples:
     • When "Gusto Falco" is used as a Material for a Synchro Summon, that "Gusto Falco" is sent to the Graveyard as a Material, but since the Special Summon of the Synchro Monster is performed afterwards, its effect that says "When this face-up card on the field is sent to the Graveyard, except by battle: You can Special Summon 1 "Gusto" monster from your Deck in face-down Defense Position." cannot be activated^[3].
     • If "The Tricky" is Special Summoned by sending "Archfiend of Gilfer" from the hand to the Graveyard, "Archfiend of Gilfer"'s effect that says "You can target 1 face-up monster on the field; equip that target with this card." cannot be activated as the last action that happened is the summon of "The Tricky" and not "Archfiend of Gilfer" being sent to the Graveyard^[3].
   • Even if the effect of an activated card is negated, that effect is negated but its resolution is still treated as being performed so for example while the effect of "Royal Decree" that says "Negate all other Trap Card effects on the field." is being applied, if "Raigeki Break" is activated by discarding "Archfiend of Gilfer" as a cost, the effect of "Raigeki Break" is negated, but since the timing is treated as that effect being resolved, the effect of the discarded "Archfiend of Gilfer" that says "When this card is sent to the Graveyard: You can target 1 face-up monster on the field; equip that target with this card." cannot be activated^[7].

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 134-136
2. Insert from Saga of Blue-Eyes White Dragon Structure Deck
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 81-82
4. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 77
5. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 86
6. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 88
7. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 155

---

Normally, your Deck (including Extra Deck and Side Deck) can contain up to 3 copies of a card that has the same name. However, certain cards have specific quantity restrictions that further limit the number that can be included in a Deck. There are 3 types of restrictions:

• Limited cards are restricted to 1 copy in a Deck
• Semi-Limited cards are restricted to 2 copies in a Deck
• Forbidden cards are not allowed to be included at all

The list of Forbidden and Limited cards is updated regularly and is posted on the Yu-Gi-Oh! TCG Official Website. This list is applied to official tournaments so please check it before participating. Official Website: www.yugioh-card.com

References:

1. Official rulebook page 49
2. Official TCG F&L list

---

A single game is called a Duel, and a Duel ends when one player wins or the game ends in a draw. Duels are played in sets of 3 called a Match, and the winner of best 2-out-of-3 wins the Match.

A Duel progresses in a series of turns which are divided into phases

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 32-34

---

Each player starts a Duel with 8000 LP (Life Points)^[1]. You win a Duel if:

• You reduce your opponent's LP to 0^[1].
• If your opponent is unable to draw a card^[1]. If an effect that makes the player add cards from the Deck to the hand, or send cards from the Deck to the Graveyard, or something similar is activated when there are no cards left in the Deck, this only causes the effect to become unable to resolve but the player is not defeated^[2]
• If a card's special effect says you win (alternate victory conditions)^[1].

References:

1. Official rulebook pages 32-34
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 43

---

Both players have 8000 LP when the Duel begins.

• LP is reduced through taking damage by battles or card effects.
• When the respective opponent of a player has their LP become 0 by battle damage or effects, that player wins the Duel.
• If you take damage by battle or card effects, or if you lose LP by an effect so that your LP is lower than 0, the LP do not become negative and they become 0.
• If LP is paid to activate a card or effect, you cannot pay more LP than your remaining LP. If the LP becomes exactly 0, the cost can be paid.
• If the LP becomes 0 during the resolution of an effect or a chain, even if it is known that there is an effect that would restore LP or something similar that would make the LP become 1 or higher, the player loses at the time the LP becomes 0.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 43

---

Examples
	Exodia the Forbidden One If you have "Right Leg of the Forbidden One", "Left Leg of the Forbidden One", "Right Arm of the Forbidden One" and "Left Arm of the Forbidden One" in addition to this card in your hand, you win the Duel.
	Victory Dragon This card cannot be Special Summoned. To Tribute Summon this card, you must Tribute 3 Dragon-Type monsters. If this card attacks your opponent directly and reduces their Life Points to 0, you win the Match.
	Final Countdown Pay 2000 Life Points. After 20 turns have passed after you activate this card (counting the turn you activate this card as the 1st turn), you win the Duel.

Text that directly affects the state of the game like "you win the Duel" or "you win the Match" is text that is not an effect^[1].

• Even if those conditions are met during the resolution of an effect, if those conditions are not met after all the parts of the effect finish resolving, a victory cannot be declared^[1].
  Example

  If the condition for "Exodia the Forbidden One" that says "If you have "Right Leg of the Forbidden One", "Left Leg of the Forbidden One", "Right Arm of the Forbidden One" and "Left Arm of the Forbidden One" in addition to this card in your hand, you win the Duel" is met when cards are drawn by the effect of "Graceful Charity" that says "Draw 3 cards, then discard 2 cards", if the condition is not met after resolving the effect of "Graceful Charity" that says "then discard 2 cards", a victory cannot be declared^[2].

  ---

• If those conditions are met during the resolution of a chain, a victory can be declared after each resolution^[1][3].
  Example

  If you meet the Victory Condition of "Exodia the Forbidden One" by activating the effect of "Jar of Greed" that says "Draw 1 card" in a chain to the activation of the opponent's "Mind Crush", the effect of "Mind Crush" is not applied afterwards and you win the Duel^[1].

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 179
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Exodia the Forbidden One", "Graceful Charity"
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Victory conditions and immediately-afters

---

This is the first phase.

• The turn player must draw 1 card from the top of their Main Deck at the beginning of the Draw Phase^[1]. This is called the normal draw^[2].
• The player who goes first cannot perform their normal draw during the Draw Phase of their first turn^[1].
• Neither player can activate cards before the turn player draws a card during the Draw Phase. As a result, no effects can be activated can be activated until a card is drawn, except for effects that have already been applied. As an exception, effects that say they resolve "instead of your normal draw", or say they are activated or resolved "before drawing", can be activated or resolved^[2].
• After the turn player draws a card, if a player wants to activate a card, the turn player can activate cards first^[2].
• If there are no cards in the Deck and the player must draw but is unable to, that player loses^[1].
• If both players pass the priority to activate cards, the Draw Phase ends, and afterwards, the Standby Phase begins^[2].
• You cannot give up your Normal Draw if there are no cards in your Deck^[3].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 35
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 182
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: You cannot give up your Normal Draw if there are no cards in your Deck

---

Some cards have effects that activate, or costs you must pay, in the Standby Phase^[1].

• If a player wishes to activate cards, the turn player can activate cards first^[2].
• If effects activate or apply in the Standby Phase, in most cases they resolve starting from the turn player. Furthermore, if a player wants to activate a card or effect that has no specific activation timing like "Mystical Space Typhoon", they can also be activated or resolved in any order^[2].
• If both players pass the priority to activate cards, the Standby Phase ends and Main Phase 1 begins^[2].
• If a Trigger Effect that activates in the Standby Phase has its activation negated, it cannot be activated again afterwards^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 35
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 183

---

This is when you play most of your cards: you can Normal Summon, Set, or change the battle position of a monster, activate a card's effect, and Set Spell and Trap Cards. These actions can be done in any order you want, but some actions have restrictions^[1]. The turn player:

• Can activate cards or effects that say "at the start of Main Phase 1" when the Main Phase 1 begins. These cards or effects can only be activated as the first activation of the turn player in Main Phase 1^[2].
• Can Summon or Set a monster. There is no limit to the number of times you can Flip Summon or Special Summon during a turn, but you can only Normal Summon or Set a monster (including a Tribute Summon) once per turn^[1].
• Can change their Monster's Battle Position. This includes Flip Summoning a monster, or changing the position of a face-up monster to face-up Attack or Defense Position^[1]. You can change the position of each monster you control, except in three cases:
  1. You cannot change the battle position of a monster that was played onto the field this turn^[1].
  2. You cannot change it in Main Phase 2 if the monster attacked during the Battle Phase^[1].
  3. You cannot change it if you have already changed its battle position once this turn^[1].
• Can Activate a Card or Effect. You can activate Spell and Trap Cards, or the effects of Spell, Trap, or Effect Monster Cards as many times as you want during this phase, as long as you can keep paying any costs involved^[1].
• Can Set Spell and Trap Cards. You can Set Spell and Trap Cards face-down in your Spell & Trap Zone during this phase, as long as you have space^[1].
• After both players pass the priority to activate cards and the Main Phase ends, the turn player can choose to conduct the Battle Phase or to conduct the End Phase^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 36
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 184

---

In this phase monsters can perform attacks^[1].

• You do not have to conduct a Battle Phase every turn, even if you have a monster on the field^[1].
• The player who goes first cannot conduct their Battle Phase on their first turn^[1].
• The Battle Phase is split into 4 steps and is conducted in the order shown in the diagram. The Battle Step and Damage Step are repeated each time you attack with a monster^[1].
• If you have finished attacking with all monsters in your Monster Zone and return to the Battle Step, you do not automatically proceed to the End Step. During the Battle Step after an attack is finished, you can activate cards and effects^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 37
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: After attacking with all monsters, can you activate a card or effect before moving to the End Step?"

---

This step starts the Battle Phase. The turn player should announce "I'm entering the Battle Phase." Remember, the player who goes first cannot conduct a Battle Phase in their very first turn.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 38

---

Select 1 monster on your side of the field to attack with, and 1 of your opponent's monsters as your attack target, and then declare the attack. If your opponent does not have any monsters on the field, you can attack directly. Play then proceeds to the Damage Step. Afterwards, the attacking player returns to the Battle Step, and repeats this procedure^[1].

• Each face-up Attack Position monster you control is allowed 1 attack per turn^[1]. If the attack was negated, the monster cannot perform another attack in the same turn, in most cases^[2].
• You do not have to attack with a monster if you don't want to^[1].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 38
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 185-186

---

An attack declaration is performed in the following sequence:

• Choose 1 of your face-up Attack Position monsters to perform an attack.
  • If the opponent controls monsters, choose a monster as an Attack Target.
  • If the opponent does not control any monsters, declare a direct attack on the opponent.
• After declaring an attack, the effects that activate/apply when an attack is declared or when a monster is targeted for an attack are activated and resolved starting from the turn player. After all cards are resolved, if a player wishes to activate an effect, the turn player can activate effects first.
• Cards that say they can be activated "when an attack is declared" can only be activated at the timing in which an attack is declared. Multiple effects that activate "when an attack is declaraed" can be activated providing they form a chain.
  Example

  If a "Sakuretsu Armor" activated when an opponent's monster declared an attack would be negated by "Dark Bribe" or similar, if the chain that responds to the attack declaration and its effects finish resolving, cards that activate "when an attack is declared" like "Sakuretsu Armor" or "Mirror Force" cannot be activated afterwards.

  ---

• If no more attacks are performed by monsters, conduct the End Step.
• After an attack is declared and both players pass the priority to activate cards, the Battle Step ends and the Damage Step begins. However, if after attack declaration the attack is negated, or the attacking monster is changed to Defense Position during the Battle Step, so that it is not possible to continue with the battle, the Damage Step does not begin and damage calculation is not performed.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 185-186

---

After you've announced your attacking monster and the attack target monster during a Battle Step, the attack target might be removed from the field, or a new monster may be played onto the opponent's side of the field before the Damage Step, due to a card's effect. This causes a "Replay". When this occurs, you can choose to attack with the same monster again, or choose to attack with a different monster, or choose not to attack at all^[1].

Note that if you attack with a different monster, the first monster is still considered to have declared an attack, and it cannot attack again this turn^[1].

• Even if 1 monster leaves the field by the resolution of an effect and then 1 monster is Special Summoned, or something similar, so that the number of monsters does not increase or decrease, this is still treated as the number of monsters changing^[2].
• If the number of monsters that the player who performed the attack declaration controls increases or decreases, a replay is not triggered^[2].
• If a replay is triggered, an attack target is chosen to be attacked with that attacking monster^[2].
• At the timing an attack target is chosen, is is possible to choose none and stop the attack. Even in that case, the monster is treated as performing an attack declaration and it cannot attack during the same Battle Phase^[2].
• If a replay is triggered, when an attack target is chosen, this is not treated as "when an attack is declared"^[2].
  Example

  After a monster you control performs an attack declaration, the opponent activated "Call of the Haunted" and Special Summoned a monster. You choose to attack the Special Summoned monster as a result of the replay, but at that time, the opponent cannot activate cards that activate "when an attack is declared" like "Mirror Force".

  ---

• After a monster that can declare a direct attack by a card effect declares a direct attack, if that monster becomes unable to declare a direct attack during that Battle Step by the effect of another card, a replay is triggered^[2].
• After performing an attack declaration on a monster, if it becomes impossible to attack that monster during the Battle Step, a replay is triggered^[2].
  Example

  If an attack is performed on an opponent's face-up monster while the effect of "Ghostrick Mansion" that says "Monsters cannot attack face-down Defense Position monsters, but can attack directly if all monsters their opponent controls are face-down Defense Position" is being applied, if "Book of Moon" is activated so that the opponent's monster that was targeted for an attack is changed to face-down Defense Position, a replay is triggered, and if the opponent does not control any other face-up monsters, you can choose to perform a direct attack or stop the attack.

  ---

• If the number of monster changes during the resolution of an effect or chain, a replay is triggered after all those effects finish resolving^[2].
  Example

  If, at the time you declare an attack, the opponent activates "Sakuretsu Armor" and activates "Call of the Haunted" in a chain, a monster is Special Summoned to the opponent's side of the field, but since the chain is still resolving, "Sakuretsu Armor" resolves before triggering a replay. As a result, your monster is destroyed by "Sakuretsu Armor" and a replay is not triggered.

  ---

• If there are effects that activate when a monster is Normal or Special Summoned, a replay is triggered after those effects finish resolving^[2].
• Replays can only be triggered during the Battle Step. If the number of monsters changes during the Damage Step, a replay is not triggered^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 39
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 186-187

---

In this step, the players calculate the result of the battle and whatever damage is done. After finishing the Damage Step, return to the Battle Step^[1].

Even if the number of monsters the opponent controls changes during the Damage Step, a replay is not triggered^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 38
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 189

---

There are five distinct timings within the Damage Step.

1. Start of the Damage Step
2. Before damage calculatin
3. Damage calculation
4. After damage calculation
5. End of the Damage Step

Sequence	What happens	What can/cannot activate	What can/cannot apply
Start of the Damage Step	You declare that you are entering the Damage Step[1] Face-down monsters are not flipped[1]	✔️ "at the start of the Damage Step" ("without applying damage calculation" old texts)[1] ✔️ Spell/Trap Cards and Quick/Quick-like Effects that directly alter the ATK/DEF[2][3]	✔️ "during the Damage Step (only)"[1]
Before damage calculation	If the monster being attacked is face-down, flip it face-up[1]	✔️ "before damage calculation"[1] ✔️ Spell/Trap Cards and Quick/Quick-like Effects that directly alter the ATK/DEF[2][3] ❌ Effects that activate when a monsters is flipped face-up: won't activate as well after damage calculation if the flipped monster itself leaves the Monster Zone before then ("Drillroid" will destroy without triggering Flip effects)[2][3]	✔️ If a monster is flipped face-up and it has a Continuous Effect, then typically that Continuous Effect is applied immediately, such as the effects of monsters like "Star Boy" and "Jinzo"[4][5] ❌ Continuous Effect that would prevent the flipped monster from being targeted for attacks are not relevant at this time, since the monster has already been targeted as an attack target[6]. If the monster survives the Damage Step, its effect will prevent itself from being targeted by any future attacks ❌ Continuous Effects that would prevent the flipped monster from being attacked or the attacking monster from attacking (such as the effects of "Machina Sniper" and "Big-Tusked Mammoth") do not apply at this time, since the Battle Step is already over[7][8]. If the monster survives the Damage Step, its effect will protect itself from any future attacks ❌ Continuous Effect that destroys itself under certain conditions that are currently met (such as "Giant Kozaky", "Zombie Mammoth", etc)., the monster is not destroyed yet and the Damage Step proceeds normally, until after damage calculation[9][10]. The same applies if "Rivalry of Warlords" or "Gozen Match", or if there is an active 'Unclassified Effect' (belonging either to the flipped monster or another face-up monster) that states "You can only control 1 [X]" or "There can only be 1 [X] on the field"; the appropriate actions are determined and performed after damage calculation[11][12]
Perform damage calculation	Compare ATK/DEF and apply damage to Life Points Determine whether either monster will be destroyed by battle or not, but do not send it to the GY yet[1][3] If there is a Continuous/Continuous-like Effect or Unclassified Effect that has the player perform a certain action instead of the monster being destroyed by this battle "Return of the Dragon Lords" banishing itself from the GY instead of destroying the monster), the relevant player must choose (at this point) whether or not they will use it. If they do, that action is not performed right at that time; instead, it will be applied immediately after damage calculation ("Return of the Dragon Lords" would be banished after damage calculation)	✔️ "during damage calculation"[1] ❌ Effects that activate when a monsters is flipped face-up: won't activate after damage calculation if the flipped monster itself leaves the Monster Zone before then ("Drillroid" will destroy without triggering FLIP effects) ❌ Spell/Trap Cards and Quick/Quick-like Effects that directly alter the ATK/DEF[2][3]. In general, they can no longer be activated at this point or for the rest of this Damage Step	✔️ "during damage calculation (only)", applied immediately
After damage calculation	Monsters that have been considered to be destroyed by battle are still not sent to the GY yet[1][3]. Even though the monsters are still on the field: They cannot be targeted by cards or effects, have their battle positions changed, or have their ATK/DEF changed[2][3][13][14] Their Continuous Effects are no longer applied[3][15] Their optional Quick Effects can no longer be activated[16] They cannot be returned to the hand by card effects[17], unless a card effect specifies that it can return destroyed monsters (such as "Last Minute Cancel"), but even then the destroyed monster will not be returned yet Their effects can still be negated[18] Before those monsters would be sent to the GY (or another appropriate location) as a result of being destroyed by battle, it is possible for them to be destroyed by card effects, sent to the GY by card effects, or banished by card effects before that can occur[19][20] If a monster ends up leaving the field ("Gozen Match") before it can be sent to the GY (or another appropriate location) as a result of battle, cards and effects that would activate when/if that monster is destroyed by battle and sent to the GY cannot be activated[12][21] They cannot be used as a cost to activate a card or an optional effect[22][25]. But they can be used as a cost to activate a mandatory effect, such as "Doomcaliber Knight"[23]	✔️ "after damage calculation"[1][3] ✔️ "this card battles" or "attacks or is attacked"[1] ✔️ If a player takes battle damage such as "Don Zaloog"[1] ✔️ If a monster is flipped face-up (including Flip effects)[1]	✔️ If a monster with a Continuous Effect that destroys itself under certain conditions ("Giant Kozaky", "Zombie Mammoth", etc). survives damage calculation without being determined to be "destroyed by battle", that Continuous Effect will immediately apply at this point and destroy that monster if those conditions are still met[9] ✔️ If a monster was flipped face-up during the Damage Step and "Rivalry of Warlords"/"Gozen Match" is still active, if that monster has a Attribute/Type that conflicts with another monster already face-up on the field, the flipped monster will immediately be sent to the Graveyard at this point[12](but Flip Effects will not activate[26]) ✔️ If a monster was flipped face-up during the Damage Step and its name conflicts with another monster that is already face-up on the field, as defined by an 'Unclassified Effect' that states "You can only control 1 [X]" or "There can only be 1 [X] on the field" (belonging either to the flipped monster or another face-up monster), the flipped monster will be immediately destroyed[11]
End of the Damage Step	Monsters that were determined to be destroyed by battle are now normally sent to the GY, unless they are Pendulum Monsters or if a card effect states otherwise[1] Once there are no effects left to activate or resolve, the Damage Step ends, and the Battle Step is automatically re-entered. At the time both players agree to enter the Battle Step, effects that apply "until the end of the Damage Step" now expire and no longer apply[1]	✔️ "at the end of the Damage Step"[1] ✔️ When/if a monster is destroyed by battle[1] ✔️ When/if a monster destroys another monster by battle[1]

References:

1. Official KONAMI's damage step rules
2. Official rulebook Version 10
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 188-193
4. "Goblin King" ruling, archived from the original
5. "Embodiment of Apophis" ruling, archived from the original
6. "Morphtronic Magnen" ruling, archived from the original
7. "Big-Tusked Mammoth", ruling, archived from the original
8. "Machina Sniper" ruling, archived from the original
9. "Giant Kozaky" ruling, archived from the original
10. "Zombie Mammoth" ruling, archived from the original
11. "Amazoness Tiger" ruling, archived from the original
12. "Rivalry of Warlords" and "Gozen Match" rulings, archived from the original
13. "Dark Cat with White Tail" ruling, archived from the original
14. "Kangaroo Champ" ruling, archived from the original
15. "Ancient Gear Golem" ruling, archived from the original
16. "Infernoid Devyaty" ruling
17. "Wall of Illusion" ruling, archived from the original
18. "Wattsquirrel" ruling, archived from the original
19. "Blackwing - Boreas the Sharp" ruling, archived from the original
20. "Ally of Justice Unknown Crusher" ruling, archived from the original
21. "Red Dragon Archfiend" ruling, archived from the original
22. "Stardust Dragon" ruling, archived from the original
23. "Doomcaliber Knight" ruling, archived from the original
24. Official KONAMI's FAQ of "Rivalry of Warlords" and "Gozen Match"
25. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Determined-to-be-destroyed monsters and paying costs
26. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Rivalry of Warlords" and face-down monsters
27. Yugipedia

---

✔️ Counter Trap Cards^[2][3]

✔️ Mandatory effects^[3]

✔️ Fast effects that negate the activation of a card(s), or negate the activation of an effect(s)^[3][4][5]

✔️ Spell/Trap Cards and Quick/Quick-like Effects that directly alter the ATK/DEF of a monster(s), but only up until damage calculation. During damage calculation or afterwards in the Damage Step, they cannot be activated^[2][3]

✔️ These cards and effects do not have to affect a battling monster; they can be used during the Damage Step to affect the ATK/DEF of a monster(s) that is not currently battling^[6]

❌ Optional Spell/Trap Cards and Quick/Quick-like Effects that can indirectly change the ATK/DEF of a monster (such as "Reverse Trap" or "Skill Drain") cannot be activated during the Damage Step for that reason alone^[7][8]

✔️ Trap Cards that equip themselves to monsters and have Continuous-like Effects that directly alter the ATK/DEF of the equipped monster, such as "Horn of the Phantom Beast", can be activated during the Damage Step for that reason alone^[9]

❌ Cards like "Half or Nothing", which might not alter ATK/DEF at resolution, cannot be activated during the Damage Step for that reason alone^[10]

❌ Cards such as "Powerful Rebirth" and "Reverse of Neos", which Special Summon a monster and exclusively modify the ATK/DEF of that Summoned monster, cannot be activated during the Damage Step for that reason alone^[11]

✔️ If a Set Continuous Trap Card has an optional Quick-like Effect that directly alters the ATK/DEF of a monster(s) (such as "Attack of the Cornered Rat"), that Trap Card can be activated during the Damage Step until damage calculation, but only if that Quick-like Effect is activated and resolved in the same Chain Link as the activation of the Trap Card itself^[12]

✔️ Continuous Trap Cards with Continuous-like Effects that directly alter the ATK/DEF of a monster(s), such as "Fire Formation - Kaiyo", can be activated during the Damage Step until damage calculation^[13]

✔️ Such Trap Cards can be activated even if their relevant Continuous-like Effect would not affect any monsters, such as activating "Dark Contract with the Witch" during your own turn or while you control no Fiend-Type monsters, or activating "Unpossessed" when a monster other than a "Familiar-Possessed" monster is attacking

✔️ Such Trap Cards can be activated even if their relevant Continuous-like Effect only applies an ATK/DEF change under particular conditions and those conditions are not currently met (such as activating "Chosen of Zefra" while there are fewer than 3 "Zefra" monsters face-up in your Extra Deck), unless that condition could never be met during the Damage Step (such as "Swift Samurai Storm!")^[14]

❌ Even if a Continuous Trap Card can be activated during the Damage Step due to having a Continuous-like Effect that alters ATK/DEF, if it also has a Quick-like Effect that can be activated in the same Chain Link as the activation of the Trap Card itself (such as "Dark Contract with the Witch"), that Quick-like Effect cannot be activated at the same time as the Trap Card's activation during the Damage Step, unless it has another valid reason allowing it to be activated during the Damage Step^[15]

❌ Unique exceptions are "Evil Blast"^[16], "Scrap Sheen"^[17] (TCG only), "Zero Force"^[18], "Curse of Anubis"^[19], and the Quick-like Effect of "Rocket Hand"^[20], which have rulings stating that they cannot be activated during the Damage Step.

❌ Unlike Quick/Quick-like Effects, having the effect of directly altering the ATK/DEF of a monster(s) does not permit optional Trigger/Trigger-like Effects to be activated during the Damage Step, with examples being "Morpho Butterspy"^[21]and "Performapal Turn Toad"

✔️ Optional Trigger and Trigger-like Effects (if that effect activates in response to the card itself being moved to a different location including leaving the field, being flipped face-up including Flip effects, or having its battle position changed^[3][22]) can be activated during the Damage Step, unless the effect performs a Normal^[23]or Fusion Summon^[24]

❌ In general, other optional Trigger and Trigger-like Effects that have activation conditions that can be met both during and outside the Damage Step cannot be activated. For cards that have Problem-Solving Card Text, these normally state "(except during the Damage Step)" (for example "Fallen of Albaz") in their activation conditions. Otherwise, these effects are associated with activation conditions that involve actions regarding other cards, such as "When/If a [card] is destroyed", "When/If a [card] is added from [location] to your hand", "When/If a monster is Special Summoned", etc. of cards like "Revival Rose", "Ambulanceroid", and "Cyber Dinosaur". This includes Trigger Effects of monsters that can activate in response to actions involving itself and/or other cards (but not just itself or other cards), such as "Madolche Chickolates"; they cannot be activated during the Damage Step.

✔️ Any effect that specifically mentions an activation timing that is unique to the Damage Step

✔️ This is indicated by phrases in the text such as "During damage calculation", "At the end of the Damage Step", "If/When you take battle damage", etc. (this includes cards and effects that activate in response to damage, without specifying battle damage, like "Blackfeather Darkrage Dragon", "Attack and Receive", and "Numinous Healer")

✔️ If a Set Continuous Trap Card has an optional Trigger-like or optional Quick-like Effect with an activation timing at least partially specific to the Damage Step (such as "Yang Zing Creation" and "Damage = Reptile"), that Trap Card can be activated during the Damage Step if that Trigger-like/Quick-like Effect is also activated in the same Chain Link as the activation of the Trap Card itself^[25]

❌ In contrast, if a Set Continuous Trap Card has a mandatory Trigger-like Effect with an activation timing at least partially specific to the Damage Step, the Trap Card itself cannot be activated, even if its controller intended on activating that Trigger-like Effect in the same Chain Link as the activation of the Trap Card itself^[26]

A card only needs to meet one of the above requirements to be activated during the Damage Step. As long as it does not explicitly specify (except during the Damage Step), even if it fails to satisfy one of the above requirements, if it satisfies another one it can be activated during the Damage Step. For example, "Rope of Life" Special Summons a monster and exclusively changes the ATK of the Summoned monster (like "Reverse of Neos"); cards with such effects cannot be activated during the Damage Step for that reason alone, but since "Rope of Life" also has an activation timing that is unique to the Damage Step ("When a monster(s) is destroyed by battle and sent to your Graveyard:"), it can be activated during the Damage Step^[27].

References:

1. Official KONAMI's damage step rules
2. Official rulebook Version 10
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 188-193
4. "Legendary Six Samurai - Shi En" ruling, archived from the original
5. "Stardust Dragon" ruling, archived from the original
6. "Blackwing - Bombardment" ruling, archived from the original
7. "Reverse Trap" ruling, archived from the original
8. "Skill Drain", archived from the original
9. "Horn of the Phantom Beast" ruling, archived from the original
10. "Half or Nothing" ruling, archived from the original
11. "Infernal Dragon" and "Reverse of Neos" rulings, archived from the original
12. "Attack of the Cornered Rat" ruling, archived from the original
13. "Token Stampede" ruling, archived from the original
14. "Swift Samurai Storm!" ruling, archived from the original
15. "Dark Contract with the Witch" ruling
16. "Evil Blast" ruling, archived from the original
17. "Scrap Sheen" ruling, archived from the original
18. "Zero Force" ruling, archived from the original
19. "Curse of Anubis" ruling
20. "Rocket Hand" ruling
21. "Morpho Butterspy" ruling
22. "Yubel" ruling, archived from the original
23. "Proof of Pruflas" ruling
24. "Fall of Albaz" ruling
25. "Desperate Tag" ruling, archived from the original
26. "Howl of the Wild" ruling, archived from the original
27. Yugipedia

---

A card whose effect reads "at the end of the Damage Step" can be activated even if damage calculation has not been conducted and Before Damage Calculation has been reached^[1][3].

Example

Your "Neo Blue-Eyes Ultimate Dragon" attacks your opponent's "Ally of Justice Catastor". At the Start of the Damage Step, the "destroy that monster" effect of "Ally of Justice Catastor" is activated, however you activate "Divine Wrath" in response, negating the activation and destroying "Ally of Justice Catastor", and therefore damage calculation is not conducted. However, "Neo Blue-Eyes Ultimate Dragon" is still attacking, and you can still activate its effect at the End of the Damage Step.

---

Also if an attack progresses until the Damage Step, that attacking monster is treated as "having attacked"^[2].

Example

An attack was declared with "Dante, Traveler of the Burning Abyss" on an opponent's monster and the attack progressed until the Damage Step. Afterwards, even if the opponent's monster disappears and damage calculation is not performed, the effect that says "If this card attacks, it is changed to Defense Position at the end of the Battle Phase" is applied at the end of the Battle Phase.

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: End of the Damage Step still occurs even if damage calculation was never conducted
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 188
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Battling monsters leaving the field, and Damage Step events occurring

---

After you've resolved all your battles by repeating the Battle and Damage Steps, and you have no more monsters you want to attack with, announce to your opponent that you are ending your Battle Phase^[1].

• This step is the end of the Battle Phase^[2].
• If an effect is applied "at the end of the Battle Phase", the End Step begins^[2].
• If players want to activate a card, the turn player can activate cards first^[2].
• If effects are activated or applied in the End Step, in most cases they are resolved by the turn player first. Furthermore, if a player wants to activate a card or effect that has no specific activation timing like "Mystical Space Typhoon", they can also be activated or resolved in any order^[2].
• Effects that are applied "until the end of the Battle Phase" or "during the Battle Phase" are applied until both players pass the priority to activate cards during the End Step and after all cards finish resolving^[2].
• If both players pass the priority to activate cards, the End Step ends, and then Main Phase 2 begins^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 38
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 194

---

If you conducted your Battle Phase, your turn moves to Main Phase 2 afterwards^[1].

• Main Phase 2 can only be conducted after the Battle Phase ends^[1][2].
• The same actions that can be conducted in Main Phase 1 can be conducted in Main Phase 2^[1][2].
• If an action that can only be conducted once per turn like Normal Summoning/Setting or Pendulum Summoning has been performed during Main Phase 1, it cannot be performed during Main Phase 2^[1][2].
• If both players pass the priority to activate cards, the Main Phase 2 ends and the End Phase begins^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 40
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 194

---

Announce the end of your turn, and if there are any cards on the field which say "during the End Phase" in their text, resolve those effects in this phase^[1].

• In most cases, effects that activate or apply during the End Phase can be resolved first by the turn player. Furthermore, if a player wants to activate a card or effect that has no specific activation timing like "Mystical Space Typhoon", they can also be activated or resolved in any order^[2].
• If both players pass the priority to activate cards, the turn player must activate and resolve effects that activate mandatorily or that must be resolved during the End Phase first^[2]. The order in which a player resolves the End Phase effects is decided by the player^[3].
  Example

  You took control of an opponent's "Orichalcos Shunoros" that was Special Summoned during their turn by "A Wild Monster Appears!" by activating "Creature Swap", and then you activated "Limiter Removal" to double its ATK. During the End Phase of that turn, first, the turn player can choose to apply the effect of "Limiter Removal" that says "During the End Phase, destroy those monsters". If it is applied, "Orichalcos Shunoros" is destroyed and the effect of "Orichalcos Shunoros" that says "also shuffle it into the Deck during your opponent's next End Phase" is not applied. Otherwise, if the turn player does not apply the effect of "Limiter Removal", the opponent can choose to apply the effect of "Orichalcos Shunoros". If it is applied, "Orichalcos Shunoros" is returned to the owner's Deck, but if it is not applied, the effect of "Limiter Removal" is applied mandatorily and "Orichalcos Shunoros" is destroyed as a result.

  ---

• Trigger Effects that activated during the End Phase that have their activation negated cannot be activated again afterwards^[2].
• Effects that say "until the end of the turn" are applied until both players have passed the priority to activate cards, have finished adjusting the hand size, and finished all the resolutions during the End Phase^[2].
• After the End Phase is over, the Draw Phase of the opponent's turn begins^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 40
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 195-196
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Mandatory actions during the End Phase

---

Once both players pass the priority to activate cards and all cards have finished resolving, if the turn player has 7 or more cards in their hand, they choose and discard cards from their hand until they have 6 cards in their hand^[1][2].

• Cards discarded at this time are treated as being "discarded from the hand" and "sent from the hand to the Garveyard". However, they are not treated as being "discarded by an effect" or "sent to the Graveyard by an effect"^[2].
  Example

  If the turn player has 7 cards in their hand during the End Phase and they discard "Grapha, Dragon Lord of Dark World" to reduce the hand size to 6 cards, the effect that says "If this card is discarded to the Graveyard by a card effect" does not activate. Also, if "Gem-Knight Obsidian" is discarded, its effect that says "If this card is sent from the hand to your Graveyard" activates.

  ---

• Once you start discarding for hand size, the game state never again becomes open^[3].
  Example

  "Scarm, Malebranche of the Burning Abyss" is sent to the Graveyard during the End Phase. The effect of "Scarm, Malebranche of the Burning Abyss" does not start a chain at the time it is sent to the Graveyard. Therefore, even if "Scarm, Malebranche of the Burning Abyss" is sent to the Graveyard during the End Phase, you cannot activate its effect immediately at that time. Similarly, if "Scarm, Malebranche of the Burning Abyss" is discarded for your hand size limit, you cannot activate the effect of "Scarm, Malebranche of the Burning Abyss".

  ---

• If you discard cards for hand size at the end of your End Phase, you can only activate effects on the Chain immediately following this. Even if, at some point after this first Chain, some other effect meets its activation condition, you cannot activate that effect^[4].
  Example

  At the end of your End Phase, you have 7 cards in your hand, and as a result, you discard "Danger! Nessie!". You activate and resolve "Danger! Nessie!"'s effect, adding "Danger! Bigfoot!" to your hand. Since this results in your hand having 7 cards once again, you now discard "Danger! Bigfoot!". You cannot activate "Danger! Bigfoot!" effect at this point. If you discard cards for hand size at the end of your End Phase, you can only activate effects on the Chain immediately following this. Even if, at some point after this first Chain, some other effect meets its activation condition, you cannot activate that effect.

  ---

References:

1. Official rulebook page 40
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 195-196
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Once you start discarding for hand size, the game state never again becomes open
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Discarding for hand size for a second time, and Trigger effects

---

In most cases, card texts break down the requirements to resolve the effect like costs and the effect that is applied during the resolution.

Take for example "Puppet Master": "When this card is Tribute Summoned:" is the activation timing, "You can pay 2000 Life Points" is the activation cost, "2 Fiend-Type monsters in your Graveyard" are the targets, and "Special Summon those targets. They cannot attack this turn." is the effect resolution.

Requirements	Resolution
Timing: When this card is Tribute Summoned	Special Summon those targets. They cannot attack this turn
Cost: You can pay 2000 Life Points
Targets: 2 Fiend-Type monsters in your Graveyard

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 126

---

Problem-Solving Card Text (often abbreviated PSCT) is a method of writing card text used for prints released from July 8, 2011 onward. The purpose of Problem-Solving Card Text is to specify card effects to the point that most situations can be resolved by logically interpreting the card text^[1].

Problem-Solving Card Text uses specific words with very particular meanings in the context of gameplay. How to interpret the text is important to understanding how to apply card text to the game.

This interpretation can only be applied for cards that use Problem-Solving Card Text. Cards that were printed with earlier text may use some of the same terms or structures, but this does not necessarily mean that they work as if they were Problem-Solving Card Text.

• All card effects that make a Chain Link include a colon ":" or a semicolon ";" somewhere in their text (possibly both). If a card effect does not use either, it does not make a Chain Link^[3].
  • The activation of a Spell or Trap Card always makes a Chain Link, but its effect that resolves with the card itself (if any) does not necessarily use a colon or semicolon^[3]. This effect is usually the first effect listed in the card's text.
• Text before the colon ":" describes activation conditions (limits on when or how often a card or effect can be activated^[3][7]). These conditions only need to be met when the card is activated^[4].
  • Conditions other than target requirements that have to be met during both activation and resolution are specifically noted in a separate sentence after the effect sentence (e.g. "Zombie Master", "Treeborn Frog")^[4].
• Text before the semicolon ";" (but after the colon, if any) describes anything that happens when that card or effect is activated (such as costs and targeting^[3][7]).
• Built-In Special Summons (other than Synchro, Xyz, Pendulum, or Link) are denoted by parentheses "()" stating the location from which the monster can be Special Summoned^[5].
• Cards with bulleted effects (●) that resolve in the same Chain Link specify whether they resolve simultaneously or sequentially (if sequentially, effects are applied in the order they are listed). In these cases, each effect activated resolves independent of the success of the other(s).
  • The text "in sequence" indicates that the bulleted effects are applied sequentially (e.g. "Gravekeeper's Oracle", "Advance Zone").
  • The text "(simultaneously)" indicates that the bulleted effects are applied simultaneously (e.g. "Ryko, Lightsworn Hunter", "Kunai with Chain").
  • If neither is specified, the effects each make separate Chain Links (e.g. "Metaphys Horus").

References:

1. "Problem-Solving Card Text, Part 1: Reading the Card's of Tomorrow"
2. "Problem-Solving Card Text, Part 2: New Words & Phrases"
3. "Problem-Solving Card Text, Part 3: Conditions, Activations, and Effects"
4. "Problem-Solving Card Text, Part 4: The Clues on Your Cards"
5. "Problem-Solving Card Text, Part 5: Special Summons"
6. "Problem-Solving Card Text, Part 7: 2012 Update - Conjunction Functions"
7. Official rulebook Version 10
8. Yugipedia

---

The conjunctives "and", "and if you do", "also", and "then" have specific meanings^[1]:

• In "Do [A], then do [B]", [B] happens after [A]. These things happen in sequence, not simultaneously. [A] is required for [B], but NOT vice versa: if [A] does not happen, then stop; even if [B] cannot happen, you still do [A]^[1].
  Example

  You activate "Magical Dimension", but "Vanity's Emptiness" is activated in response, so that no Special Summons can be performed. In the proposed scenario, only the effect of "Magical Dimension" that tributes the targeted monster is applied. No Spellcaster monster is Special Summoned from the hand, and no monster on the field can be destroyed^[4].

  ---

• In "Do [A] and [B]", both [A] and [B] happen simultaneously. BOTH [A] and [B] are required. If you cannot do both, you do nothing^[1].
• In "Do [A], and if you do, do [B]", both [A] and [B] happen simultaneously. [A] is required for [B], but NOT vice versa: if [A] does not happen, then stop; even if [B] cannot happen, you still do [A]^[1].
• In "Do [A], also do [B]", both [A] and [B] happen simultaneously. Neither is required for the other to occur^[1].
• In "Do [A], also, after that, do [B]", [B] happens after [A]. These things happen in sequence, not simultaneously. Neither is required for the other to occur (This conjunctive was never discussed in the Problem-Solving Card Text articles, as it was not introduced until 2014)^[1].
  ATTENTION: even if neither is required for the other, both must [A] and [B] must still meet the activation requirements of the card or effect in order to activate that card or effect^[3].
  Example

  You cannot activate the effect of "Madolche Queen Tiaramisu" if your opponent controls no cards. When resolving the effect of "Madolche Queen Tiaramisu", if your opponent controls no cards due to an effect after "Madolche Queen Tiaramisu" has been legally activated, although you still return the targeted cards to your Deck, you do not apply the effect of returning your opponent's cards to the Deck.

  ---

There is no conjunctive that indicates both parts of the effect are required while also indicating that the parts are not simultaneous. While this relationship is rare, it does occur for some effects - in particular, Fusion Summoning and Ritual Summoning effects, which normally text structures unique to that Summoning method, which do not use conjunctives at all for that part of their text. The card "Luminous Dragon Ritual" uniquely indicates this relationship with the conjunctive "and" followed by "after that" at the end of the second part of the effect^[2].

	Neither required	[A] required	Both required
Sequentially	also, after that	then
Simultaneously	also	and if you do	and

References:

1. "Problem-Solving Card Text, Part 7: 2012 Update - Conjunction Functions"
2. Yugipedia
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Madolche Queen Tiaramisu"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Magical Dimension", "Vanity's Emptiness"

---

If a Token's (1) properties (Attribute, Type, ATK, DEF and/or Level...) satisfy a certain card's (2) activation requirement and (2) requires to banish a Monster with those properties, (2) can be activated. If (1) is banished because of (2)'s cost, (2) resolves normally even if (1) original properties were not originally the one necessary to fulfil the activation of (2).

Example

While the effect of "DNA Surgery" is applying, and Dragon-Type is declared, you can target a Monster Token treated as Dragon-Type to banish with the effect of "Dragon's Rebirth". Even in this case, the effect of Special Summoning a Dragon-Type monster from your hand or Graveyard is applied normally.

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Banishing a Token is a conjunction success

---

[A] card's (1) effect which lowers a stat of a monster with action [A] and then does an action [B], if action [A] applies to a monster (2) whose stat is even 0, then [B] will apply (even if (2)'s ATK is already 0, [B] will apply even if [A] is required such as "if you do" conjunctive).

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: 0 ATK/DEF, reduction, and conjunction success

---

---

There are card effects that activate and start a chain, and effects that are applied immediately without starting a chain if some requirements are met.

• When a Spell or Trap Card is placed face-up on the field, they always start a chain. This is called activating a card.
• Effects that keep being applied as long as the card remains face-up on the field (Continuous Effects of monsters; Continuous Spells; Field Spells; Equip Spells; Pendulum Effects of Pendulum Monsters; effects of Continuous Traps) are applied without starting a chain in most cases.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 130

---

There are effects of Spell and Trap Cards that activate and start a chain in the Graveyard or field, other than when the card is activated by placing it face-up on the field. This is called activating an effect.

• The Ignition Effects/Trigger Effects/Quick Effects of monsters start a chain and constitute activating an effect.
• Activating the effects of Spells and Traps cannot be negated by effects that negate the activation of cards.

The following effects are examples of cards with effects that activate.

• Effects that activate on the field after the activation of the card concludes.
• Effects that can be activated while the card is in the Graveyard or when it is sent to the Graveyard.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 130

---

An activation condition, also known as its activation requirement, is the set of conditions that must be met in order to activate a card or effect^[1].

On cards with Problem-Solving Card Text, the activation condition is written before a colon ":", at the start of a card effect^[1].

• If some effect would be activated, and the resolution of that effect cannot be performed completely, it cannot be activated^[2]. Examples:
  • If the opponent does not control any face-up monsters, "Smashing Ground", which has an effect that reads "Destroy the 1 face-up monster your opponent controls that has the highest DEF (your choice, if tied).", cannot be activated.
  • If there are no monsters in Attack Position on your opponent's field, "Mirror Force" cannot be activated, even if a Defense Position "Total Defense Shogun" declares an attack^[3].
• Unless otherwise specified, the activation conditions only need to be satisfied when the card is activated, not when it resolves^[1].

More on activations legality in the dedicated sections for each kind of effect.

References:

1. Yugipedia
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 133-134
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Total Defense Shogun", "Mirror Force"

---

You cannot choose to use a card or effect that targets unless there is already a card for it to target^[1].

• If, after paying the cost of that card or effect, a new target appears that didn't exist before, you can choose that card as the target of your new effect^[1][2].
• Even if paying a cost of the card or effect you want to activate would create a target for it, you cannot activate it unless the required number of targets already exist^[1][2][3].
• You control a card with an effect has multiple effects that you can choose (bulleted effects with "●") after paying a cost and the cost is the same. If:
  • The targets for one of the effects, "● effect 1", exist in the correct location, the card's effect can be legally activated and you can choose to resolve "● effect 1"
  • The targets for another one of the effects, "● effect 2", don't exist in the correct location, the card's effect can still be legally activated but you can't choose to resolve "● effect 2"
  But if after paying the cost of that card or effect, a new target appears that didn't exist before that is a target(s) for "● effect 2", and now "● effect 2" has all its targets now, "● effect 2" can be chosen at this time^[2].
  Example

  When activating "Daigusto Emeral"'s effect, you first detach a material, then choose which ● bulleted effect to activate, and target an appropriate card. If there are two monsters in your Graveyard, and at least one of them is a non-Effect monster, this means that you could currently choose the "● Target 1 non-Effect Monster in your Graveyard" effect. Therefore, you can activate "Daigusto Emeral"'s effect by detaching a material. If the detached material is sent to your Graveyard, and this results in you having 3 monsters in your Graveyard, you can then choose the "● Target 3 monsters in your Graveyard" effect as the effect to activate.

  ---

References:

1. Insert from Rise of the True Dragons Structure Deck
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Choice timing and activation legality when choosing which effect to activate
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Lumina, Lightsworn Summoner"

---

A card's (1) effect which involves adding a card (2) with a certain property and then discarding/sending a card (3) with (2)'s same property, (1) can be activated even if there are no cards of with (2)'s property in your hand at the moment of (1)'s activation.

Example

You can activate the effect of "Dragunity Knight - Gae Dearg" even if there are no Dragon monsters and no Winged Beast monsters in your hand. If you do this, you will first add a Dragon or Winged Beast from your Deck to your hand, then discard that same monster.

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation legality of effects that add, then discard/send

---

A cost is an action that must be performed in order to activate a card or effect, to perform another action, or to keep a card on the field. This is distinct from activation requirements, which are requirements that must be met in order to activate a card or effect^[1].

On cards with Problem-Solving Card Text, the cost is written before a semicolon ";", at the start of a card effect or after the activation condition^[1].

• Costs must be performed at the time the card is activated, and even if the activation or effect of the card is negated, they are not refunded^[2].
• If the player cannot suffice the costs, they cannot activate the card^[2].
• Costs are not treated as card effects^[2].
• Unless stated otherwise, costs can only be paid with cards in your possession^[2].
• Even if a card's effect is being negated (such as by "Skill Drain"), it is still possible to activate its effects (which would require paying the cost)^[1].

References:

1. Yugipedia
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 131

---

In order to activate effects that read "Tribute [X];", those monsters need to be Tributed. The Tributed monsters are sent to the Graveyard.

• The Tributed monsters are not treated as being destroyed. As a result, they are treated as being sent to the Graveyard.
• Even if the monsters that would be Tributed need to meet certain requirements, face-down monsters on the field can be sent to the Graveyard.
  Example

  A face-down "Master Pendulum, the Dracoslayer" can be Tributed as a cost to activate the effect of "Dracocension", which reads "You can Tribute 1 Dragon-Type monster that has a Level; Special Summon, from your Deck, 1 Wyrm-Type monster with the same Level as the Tributed monster's original Level, and if you do, any monster destroyed by battle with that monster is shuffled into the Deck instead of going to the Graveyard.".

  ---

• If "Macro Cosmos" or something similar is being applied, so that monsters that would be sent to the Graveyard are banished, you can still Tribute monsters. In that case, the Tributed monsters are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 131

---

For costs that read "discard a card(s)", cards from the hand must be discarded from the hand in order to activate the effects. Cards that are discarded are treated as being discarded from the hand and as being sent to the Graveyard as a result.

• When paying costs that say "discard to the Graveyard", if "Macro Cosmos" or something similar is being applied, so that cards that would be sent to the Graveyard are banished, the activation of cards that discard to the Graveyard as a cost cannot be performed. Costs that simply say "discard" can be paid. In that case, the cards are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished as a result.
  Example

  While the effect of "Macro Cosmos" is being applied, the effect of "Hecatrice" that says "You can discard this card to the Graveyard to add 1 "Valhalla, Hall of the Fallen" from your Deck to your hand." cannot be activated, but the effect of "Ghost Reaper & Winter Cherries" that says "During either player's turn, if your opponent controls more monsters than you do: You can discard this card;" can be activated.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 132

---

For costs that read "send to the Graveyard;", those monsters must be sent to the Graveyard in order to activate the effect.

• The monsters sent to the Graveyard are not treated as being destroyed.
• Cards sent from the hand to the Graveyard are not treated as being discarded from the hand.
• If a monster that would be sent to the Graveyard as a cost needs to meet certain requirements, a face-down monster on the field cannot be sent to the Graveyard.
  Example

  A face-down Plant-Type monster cannot be sent to the Graveyard to activate the cost of the effect of "Orea, the Sylvan High Arbiter", which reads "You can send 1 Plant-Type monster from your hand or face-up from your side of the field to the Graveyard;".

  ---

• If "Macro Cosmos" or similar is being applied, so that the cards that would be sent to the Graveyard are banished instead and so that it is not possible to send cards to the Graveyard, activations that send cards to the Graveyard as a cost cannot be performed.
• Since Token Monsters are removed from the duel when they leave the field, they cannot be sent to the Graveyard for texts that say "send to the Graveyard;".

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 132-133

---

Targeting is the action of designating which specific cards are affected or used by card effects at the activation of a card effect^[1].

In Problem-Solving Card Text, cards and effects that target always explicitly state that they target: a card targets if and only if it uses the word "target"^[1].

• Cards can be targeted if they are on the field, in the Graveyard, or banished^[1]. Cards in the hand^[1], Main Deck^[1], Extra Deck^[3], or attached as Xyz Material^[1] cannot be targeted.
• You cannot choose to use a card or effect that targets unless there is a card for it to target^[5].
• Targets are selected when the effect is activated. Even if the effect is negated, it is not forgotten that they have been targeted. However, if the activation of that effect is negated, the cards are no longer targeted^[2].
• If a card was targeted by a card or effect, but when the effect resolves that target has changed location, the target is no longer valid and cannot be affected as the target. The player does not get to change their target or select another target at resolution^[2].
• If an effect is activated targeting 2 or more cards, and afterwards (before the resolution) 1 of them has been moved to a different location, the effect is applied, except if some particular requirement must be met^[2].
  Example

  "Icarus Attack" was activated targeting 2 cards on the field. If 1 of the targeted cards is sent to the Graveyard by another card effect in a chain, the effect of "Icarus Attack" that says "destroy them." is applied on the remaining card.

  ---

• Cards that have an effect that says they cannot be targeted for effects cannot be targeted to activate effects that target. After a card has been targeted to activate an effect, if that card is affected by an effect that makes it unable to be targeted, since it has already been targeted, the effect is still applied afterwards^[2].
  Example

  When the opponent activates "Compulsory Evacuation Device", which says "Target 1 monster on the field; return that target to the hand." targeting a monster, if you activate "Forbidden Dress" targeting the same monster, that monster is affected by the effect of "Forbidden Dress" that says "until the end of this turn, that target loses 600 ATK, but cannot be targeted or destroyed by other card effects.", but since it has already been targeted for the effect of "Compulsory Evacuation Device", the effect resolves afterwards and it is returned to the hand.

  ---

• Equip Spell Cards always target, but activating an effect that equips does not implicitly target^[4].
  Example

  The Quick Effect of "Amazement Ambassador Bufo" was activated by targeting an equipped Trap you control. When that effect resolves, you can equip that Trap to your opponent's "The First Darklord", even though it cannot be targeted by card effects. That effect of "Amazement Ambassador Bufo" does not require you to target any monsters.

  ---

References:

1. Yugipedia
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 136-137
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Level Resist Wall"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activating an effect that equips does not implicitly target
5. Insert from Rise of the True Dragons Structure Deck

---

You cannot choose to use a card or effect that targets unless there is already a card for it to target^[1].

• If, after paying the cost of that card or effect, a new target appears that didn't exist before, you can choose that card as the target of your new effect^[1][2].
• Even if paying a cost of the card or effect you want to activate would create a target for it, you cannot activate it unless the required number of targets already exist^[1][2][3].
• You control a card with an effect has multiple effects that you can choose to activate (bulleted effects with "●") after paying a cost, and the cost for activating any of the effects is the same. If:
  • The targets for one of the effects, "● effect 1", exist in the correct location, the card's effect can be legally activated and you can choose to resolve "● effect 1"
  • And additionally the targets for another one of the effects, "● effect 2", don't exist in the correct location, the card's effect can still be legally activated but you can't choose to resolve "● effect 2"
  But if after paying the cost of that card or effect, a new target appears that didn't exist before that is a target(s) for "● effect 2", and now "● effect 2" has all its targets now, "● effect 2" can be chosen at this time and will be applied^[2].
  Example

  When activating "Daigusto Emeral"'s effect, you first detach a material, then choose which ● bulleted effect to activate, and target an appropriate card. If there are two monsters in your Graveyard, and at least one of them is a non-Effect monster, this means that you could currently choose the "● Target 1 non-Effect Monster in your Graveyard" effect. Therefore, you can activate "Daigusto Emeral"'s effect by detaching a material. If the detached material is sent to your Graveyard, and this results in you having 3 monsters in your Graveyard, you can then choose the "● Target 3 monsters in your Graveyard" effect as the effect to activate.

  ---

References:

1. Insert from Rise of the True Dragons Structure Deck
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Choice timing and activation legality when choosing which effect to activate
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Lumina, Lightsworn Summoner"

---

The terms "that target" or "those targets" and "it" or "they/them" have specific meanings in the resolution of the effect^[1].

• "That target" and "those targets" indicate that targets must still meet the target requirements at resolution to be affected^[1].
  Example

  "Zombie Master" uses "that target". If "that target" it isn't a Level 4 or lower Zombie-Type monster in the Graveyard anymore, it is not Summoned. For example you targeted a non-Zombie-Type Monster while "Zombie World" is face-up on the field, but "Zombie World" is destroyed before the effect of "Zombie Master" resolves.

  ---

• "It" and "they/them" indicate that the targets do not need to meet the target requirements at resolution, only when targeted^[1].
  Example

  "Adreus, Keeper of Armageddon" says "destroy it". Even if the target was flipped face-down, or shifted to your side of the field, it's still destroyed.

  ---

• "Both (those) targets" and "all [X] targets" indicate that all targets must still meet the target requirements at resolution for any of them to be affected. If even one of the targets is no longer eligible, then the whole effect does not apply^[1].

References:

1. "Problem-Solving Card Text, Part 4: The Clues on Your Cards"

---

• In most cases, when the rules and the written resolution of the effects are in contradiction, the written card text takes precedence^[1].
• If the effect of a card is activated and that card is destroyed or otherwise moved to a different location, in most cases the effect resolves^[1].
• If there are multiple parts of an effect for a single effect of a card, they are resolved in the order in which they are written. Also, in most cases, if 1 of the parts of the effect cannot resolve, none of the latter parts are resolved (see conjunctives)^[1].
• It is not possible to make choices that would cause an activated effect to be unable to be resolved^[1].
  Example

  When the effect of "Lunalight Reincarnation Dance" that says "Add up to 2 "Lunalight" monsters from your Deck to your hand." it is not possible to choose to resolve the effect by adding 0 cards.

  ---

• If (at the time of the resolution of a single effect) both players need to resolve that effect simultaneously, the turn player performs the resolution first^[1].
  Example

  When the effect of "Hand Destruction" that says "Each player sends 2 cards from their hand to the Graveyard, then each player draws 2 cards." resolves, first, the turn player sends 2 cards from their hand to the Graveyard, then the opposite player sends 2 cards from their own hand to the Graveyard. Then, the turn player draws 2 cards, and finally the opposite player draws 2 cards.

  ---

• The effects of other cards cannot be activated during the resolution of an effect. If the activation timing for a mandatory effect is met during the resolution of an effect, it is activated after that effect finishes resolving^[1].
• At the time an effect resolves, if the targets for that effect or the cards that it would affect no longer exist, the effect does not resolve^[2].
• There are cases in which if an effect that needs to meet requirements at activation or that affects only some particular cards is activated, and later the card that activated, the targets for the effect, or the cards that it would affect no longer meet some particular requirements, that effect is not applied^[2]. Examples:
  • For the effect of "Zombie Master" that says "Once per turn: You can send 1 monster from your hand to the Graveyard, then target 1 Level 4 or lower Zombie-Type monster in either player's Graveyard; Special Summon that target. This card must be face-up on the field to activate and to resolve this effect.", if "Zombie Master" is no longer face-up as a result of a card effect being activated in a chain or something similar, the Special Summoning effect does not resolve.
  • For the effect of "High Tide on Fire Island" that says "Apply the appropriate effects, in sequence, depending on the Attributes of monsters you control at that time.", if there are no WATER or FIRE monsters as a result of a card effect being activated in a chain or something similar, the effect does not resolve.
• Even if an effect fails to resolve properly, the activation timing is treated as if the resolution is performed. As a result, effects cannot be activated during the time in which that failed resolution is performed^[1].
• Effects resolve where they were activated^[3].
  Example

  This turn, if the effect of "Infinite Impermanence" that negates all other Spell/Trap effects in the same column for the rest of this turn is applied, not only will Spell/Trap Cards activated in the same column be negated, but also the effects of Spell/Trap Cards activated in the same column. In the given situation, "Wonder Wand" itself is sent to the Graveyard as a cost to activate its effect, but the effect was activated in the same column as the previously resolved "Infinite Impermanence", so that effect will be negated.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 126-127
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 142
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Effects resolve where they were activated

---

---

The effects of monsters that are applied and keep applying as long as that monster is face-up in a Monster Zone are Continuous Effects. There are also Continuous Effects that have necessary conditions to be applied^[1]. Spells/Traps also have Effects that work like Continuous Effect (Continuous-like).

• Continuous effects do not start a chain and start applying the moment the monster is face-up^[1].
  Example

  Since the Continuous Effect of "Sonata the Melodious Diva" that says "While this Special Summoned card is on the field, all Fairy-Type monsters you control gain 500 ATK and DEF." is applied immediately, the ATK of "Sonata the Melodious Diva" is 1700 when it is successfully Normal Summoned. As a result, a "Bottomless Trap Hole" that says "When your opponent Summons a monster(s) with 1500 or more ATK:" can be activated when the Normal Summon of "Sonata the Melodious Diva" is successful.

  ---

• Unless stated otherwise, Continuous-like Effects keep exerting their effects as long as they remain face-up^[3].
• If that monster stops being face-up, leaves the field, or is determined to be destroyed, the effect stops being applied immediately. Even if the monster stops being face-up during the resolution of an effect, the effect stops applying at that moment^[1]. Examples:
  • While you control a "Nekroz of Unicore" and the opponent controls a "Masked HERO Dark Law", if "Nekroz of Unicore" is destroyed, since its Continuous Effect that says "Negate the effects of face-up monsters on the field that were Special Summoned from the Extra Deck." stops applying immediately, the Continuous Effect of "Masked HERO Dark Law" that says "Any card sent to your opponent's Graveyard is banished instead." is applied and "Nekroz of Unicore" is banished. If "Nekroz of Unicore" and "Masked HERO Dark Law" are destroyed simultaneously by "Dark Hole" or something similar, since neither effect is applied, they are not banished and are sent to the Graveyard after being destroyed.
  • While "Banisher of the Light" or "Banisher of the Radiance" are on the field, you resolve "Dark Hole", destroying "Banisher of the Light" alongside other monsters on the field. Effects of cards such as "Banisher of the Light" only apply while they are face-up on the field. Once they are destroyed by "Dark Hole", or when they are leaving the field, their effects will no longer be applying. As a result, "Banisher of the Light" and all other monsters that were destroyed at the same time, as well as "Dark Hole", will be sent to the Graveyard normally^[4].
• If that monster is destroyed by battle, the effect stops applying when that monster is determined to be destroyed during damage calculation^[1].
• Continuous(-like) Effects apply before the effect at activation even begins resolving^[2].
  Example

  You control a Set "Void Launch". If you control a non-"Infernoid" monster, you can active it. If you choose to activate "Void Launch"'s effect that sends "Infernoid" monsters to the Graveyard as part of the card activation, before that effect begins resolving, "Void Launch" will be sent to the Graveyard by its own effect. As a result, you will then be unable to send "Infernoid" monsters from your Deck to the Graveyard.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 108-109
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Continuous Effects applying before the effect at activation even begins resolving
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 124-125
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Banisher of the Light", "Dark Hole"

---

Cases when whichever card is face-up on the field first will take precedent:

• If "Jinzo" is summoned while "Skill Drain"'s effect is already applying, then "Skill Drain"'s effect negates "Jinzo"'s effect. If "Jinzo" is already face-up on the field, "Skill Drain" cannot be activated^[1].

Cases when whichever card is face-up on the field last will take precedent:

• If a "The Wicked Avatar" or "The Wicked Dreadroot" is on the field, and "The Wicked Dreadroot" or "The Wicked Avatar" is Special Summoned, the effect of the newly-Summoned monster will be the last one to apply^[2].
  • If "The Wicked Avatar" is Summoned while "The Wicked Dreadroot" is already on the field, the effect of "The Wicked Avatar" will apply last, and its ATK/DEF will become the highest ATK on the field +100.
  • If "The Wicked Dreadroot" is Summoned while "The Wicked Avatar" is already on the field, the effect of "The Wicked Dreadroot" will apply last, halving the ATK/DEF of "The Wicked Avatar".

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Jinzo", "Skill Drain"
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "The Wicked Avatar", "The Wicked Dreadroot"

---

Effects that can be declared to activate during the Main Phase, once the turn player has priority and they do not wish to activate or resolve an effect, are Ignition Effects.

• Ignition Effects start a chain when they activate.
• There are also Ignition Effects that activate outside of the field, like in the Graveyard or hand.
• Ignition Effects have a Spell Speed of 1.
• If an Ignition Effect is activated, and the monster that activated the effect leaves the field or is otherwise moved to a different location, the effect resolves afterwards. However, if something like "This card must be face-up on the field to activate and to resolve this effect." is written, so that this condition must be met at the time of the activation and at the time of the resolution, the effect is not applied.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 109

---

Effects that are activated in a particular written timing are Trigger Effects.

• Trigger Effects start a chain when they activate.
• Trigger Effects have a Spell Speed of 1. However, if multiple Trigger Effects activate at the same timing, they form a chain.
• Since multiple effects that activate during a particular phase like the Standby Phase or End Phase are not treated as activating simultaneously, after activating and resolving 1 effect, other Trigger Effects can be activated and resolved.
• In most cases, Trigger Effects do not activate if they meet their timing during the Damage Step. However, Trigger Effects that: activate mandatorily; activate when the monster itself is Special Summoned successfully; effects that activate when the monster is flipped face-up; and effects that activate when the monster is destroyed, banished, or added to the hand, can be activated.
• Trigger Effects that activate when the monster is flipped face-up activate in most cases when that monster is changed from being face-down to face-up on the field. When monsters with Trigger Effects that activate when the monster is flipped face-up are attacked and flipped face-up, the effects activate during the timing of "after damage calculation" of that battle.
• If a Trigger Effect is activated, and the monster that activated the effect leaves the field or is otherwise moved to a different location, the effect resolves afterwards. However, if something like "This card must be face-up on the field to activate and to resolve this effect." is written, so that this condition must be met at the time of the activation and at the time of the resolution, the effect is not applied.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 110-111

---

If a monster's Trigger Effect meets its activation conditions, but hasn't yet had a chance to actually activate yet (because it's still in the middle of a chain or card effect, for example) and is therefore being "saved for later", but its location (On the field, in the Graveyard, in the hand, banished, or in the Deck) changes between the time its Trigger Effect activation is met, and the time it actually has a chance to activate, its effect does not activate^[1][3].

If, at the time of the particular timing, the card has been moved to a private location like the Deck or hand, the Trigger Effect does not activate^[2].

Example

If "Monster Reincarnation" is activated discarding "Dandylion" for the cost, and the same "Dandylion" is returned to the hand by the effect of that "Monster Reincarnation" that says "add it to your hand.", the effect of "Dandylion" that activates "If this card is sent to the Graveyard:" does not activate.

---

References:

1. Official KONAMI's 2021 rules update
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 110-111
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Cards that do not explicitly specify an activation location for their effect

---

If you have multiple monsters in your hand with Trigger Effects to Special Summon themselves (that activate in the hand in a particular timing), their effects cannot be activated in a chain and only 1 of them can be activated^[1].

Example

When you take battle damage while you have 2 copies of "Gorz the Emissary of Darkness", only the effect of 1 copy of "Gorz the Emissary of Darkness" that says "When you take damage from a card in your opponent's possession:" can be activated.

---

Exception to this rule is when the hand summon triggers are mandatory effects: in which case they all activate and they form a chain^[2].

Example

Two copies of "Mist Valley Thunder Lord" activate their effects in the same Chain, each targeting a different copy of "Mist Valley Thunderbird" you control. After the described Chain has resolved, the respective Trigger effects of each copy of "Mist Valley Thunderbird" will be activated as Chain Link 1 and Chain Link 2 respectively. Afterwards, your opponent will have the first opportunity to activate Chain Link 3.

---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 111
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Mandatory Trigger effects and not being Green Baboon

---

If, at the time of the particular timing, the card has changed card type like from monster becomes an equip card, the Trigger Effect does not activate.

Example

When my "D/D/D Wave Oblivion King Caesar Ragnarok" declares an attack, its effect is activated, and my opponent activates "Call of the Haunted" in a chain by targeting "Black Rose Moonlight Dragon". When resolving the effect of "D/D/D Wave Oblivion King Caesar Ragnarok", if I choose to equip the Special Summoned "Black Rose Moonlight Dragon" to it, the Special Summoned "Black Rose Moonlight Dragon" becomes an Equip Card, and is no longer a monster, so after the current chain resolves, its effect cannot be activated (in this case, after the chain resolves, since the number of monsters on your opponent's side of the field changed, a replay will occur).

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Changing card type prevents Trigger effects from activating

---

Trigger Effects still activate even when the phase changed during/after the resolution of an effect.

Example

You activate the effect of "Cardcar D" by Tributing it, and that effect resolves: it becomes the End Phase. Regardless, after "Cardcar D"'s effect resolves, a trigger effect like "Amorphage Infection" can be activated.

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Changing phase & Trigger Effects still activating

---

Trigger effects of Spell/Trap Cards will not "see" their activation condition before the card activation has resolved^[1]. Examples:

• You activate "Union Hangar", but then chain "Call of the Haunted" and Special Summon a "Y-Dragon Head" from your Graveyard. In this scenario, although the LIGHT Machine-Type Union monster "Y-Dragon Head" was Special Summoned, since "Union Hangar" had not resolved on the field yet, you cannot activate its second effect afterward^[1].
• If you use "Metaverse" to activate "Labrynth Labyrinth", you cannot then activate "Labrynth Labyrinth"'s effect that Special Summons a Fiend monster ^[2]

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Trigger effects of Spell/Trap Cards will not "see" their activation condition before the card activation has resolved
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Metaverse", "Labrynth Labyrinth"

---

• Monsters changing control after their Trigger effect meets its activation condition can activate their effects after they've changed control (in which case the player who took control of the monster activates it)^[1].
  Example

  You activate the effect of "Cyber Angel Natasha" in your Graveyard, banishing "Cyber Angel Benten" as a cost from your Graveyard and targeting your opponent's "Swordsoul Supreme Sovereign - Chengying". When resolving this effect, you gain control of "Swordsoul Supreme Sovereign - Chengying" and you can activate the effect of that "Swordsoul Supreme Sovereign - Chengying" you gained control of due the effect of "Cyber Angel Natasha".

  ---

• You activate a card (1) that takes control of an opponent monster as Chain Link 1. (1) does not target. Your opponent activates as Chain Link 2 an effect that summons a monster (2). The chain resolves backwards, (2) is special summoned first, then with (1) you take control of an opponent's monster. If you take control of (2), after the chain has finished resolving, you are (2)'s controller. Therefore, if (2)'s has a Trigger effect on summon, you can activate its effect at this time^[2].
  Example

  You activate the "take control of 1 monster your opponent controls until the End Phase" effect of "Triple Tactics Talent", and your opponent activated the "immediately after this effect resolves, Link Summon 1 Link Monster using materials you control, including this card" effect of "I:P Masquerena" in response. As a result, "S:P Little Knight" is Link Summoned immediately after the effect of "I:P Masquerena" resolves, and You gain control of that "S:P Little Knight" when resolving the effect of "Triple Tactics Talent". After the chain has finished resolving (at the time when the Trigger Effect of "S:P Little Knight" can be activated), you are "S:P Little Knight"'s controller. Therefore, you can activate its effect at this time.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters changing control after their Trigger effect meets its activation condition, before that effect can be activated
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Special Summoning to a player's field, and control being changed before the effect can be activated

---

Example: while "Harpies' Hunting Ground" is face-up on the field, Skill Drain is activated, and "Call of the Haunted" resolves in response, Special Summoning Harpie Queen. At the time that "Harpie Queen" is Special Summoned by the effect of "Call of the Haunted", its name is treated as "Harpie Lady". Afterwards, when the effect of Skill Drain applies, the effect of "Harpie Queen" is negated, and its name returns to being "Harpie Queen". Regardless, a "Harpie Lady" or "Harpie Lady Sisters" has been Special Summoned to the field, and the effect of "Harpies' Hunting Ground" must be activated.

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters with a certain property being Summoned, and then losing that property before Trigger effects are checked for

---

Events are not responded to until the chain has resolved.

Example

Your opponent activates the effect of "Vision HERO Faris" that Special Summons it from the hand, by discarding a "Vision HERO Vyon" from their hand. You have "Consolation Prize" set on your field. In this scenario, "Consolation Prize" cannot be activated by chaining to that card effect. After that activated effect resolves, "Consolation Prize" can be activated in a new Chain. Therefore, in this situation, when your opponent activates the second effect of "Vision HERO Faris" that places a "Vision HERO" monster from their Deck face-up in their Spell & Trap Zone, you can chain "Consolation Prize" (if your opponent does not activate the second effect of "Vision HERO Faris", you can activate "Consolation Prize" as Chain Link 1).

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Events are not responded to until the chain has resolved

---

If you discard cards for hand size at the end of your End Phase, you can only activate effects on the Chain immediately following this. Even if, at some point after this first Chain, some other effect meets its activation condition, you cannot activate that effect.

Example

At the end of your End Phase, you have 7 cards in your hand, and as a result, you discard "Danger! Nessie!". You activate and resolve "Danger! Nessie!"'s effect, adding "Danger! Bigfoot!" to your hand. Since this results in your hand having 7 cards once again, you now discard "Danger! Bigfoot!". You cannot activate "Danger! Bigfoot!" effect at this point. If you discard cards for hand size at the end of your End Phase, you can only activate effects on the Chain immediately following this. Even if, at some point after this first Chain, some other effect meets its activation condition, you cannot activate that effect.

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Discarding for hand size for a second time, and Trigger effects

---

Effects that can be activated when you have priority during the opponent's turn, providing a particular timing, are Quick Effects.

• Quick Effects start a chain when they activate.
• Quick Effects have a Spell Speed of 2. They can also be activated in a chain to the activation of cards or effects.
• Quick Effects are classified in the following groups in most cases.
  • Effects that say "can also be activated during the opponent's turn", which can be activated arbitrarily during the opponent's turn.
  • Effects that negate the activations of cards or effects.
• If a Quick Effect is activated, and the monster that activated the effect leaves the field or is otherwise moved to a different location, the effect resolves afterwards.
• In most cases, Quick Effects cannot be activated during the Damage Step. However, effects that negate the activations of cards or effects, or that increase or decrease the ATK/DEF of monsters, can be activated. Effects that increase or decrease the ATK/DEF of monsters can be activated only before damage calculation.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 112

---

Effects that do not belong to the Continuous Effect, Ignition Effect, Trigger Effect or Quick Effect categories are effects that do not belong to any category.

• Those other effects are Monster Effects. As a result, if they are applied on the field they are negated by "Skill Drain" in most cases.
• Those other effects do not activate or start a chain. They are applied as conditions are met. Even if the conditions are met in the middle of the resolution of an effect, the effect is applied at that moment.
• The following effects are some examples of those other effects.
  • Effects of monsters that are not Special Summon Monsters that Special Summon themselves from the hand or Graveyard without activating.
  • Monster Effects that keep applying while that monster is in the Graveyard or while they are face-down.
  • Effects that say "If this card would leave the field, banish it instead".
  • Effects that say "If this card is Normal Summoned without Tributing, or is Special Summoned, its original ATK becomes [value].".
  • Effects that say "If this face-up card is destroyed while it is in a Monster Card Zone, you can place it face-up in your Spell & Trap Card Zone as a Continuous Spell Card, instead of sending it to the Graveyard.".
  • Effects that say "You can Set this card from your hand to your Spell & Trap Zone as a Spell Card.".
  • Effects that say "You can only control 1 [X]".
  • Effects that say "You can substitute this card for any 1 Fusion Material Monster".
  • Effects that say "An Xyz Monster that was Summoned using [X] as Xyz Material gains this effect.".

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 113-114

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There are some parts of the Effect Text of cards that are not treated as an effect.

• The text that is not an effect of a card is not negated if the effects of the card are negated.
• The text that is not an effect is applied regardless of the circumstances in which the card is. Examples:
  • Since the text of "Putrid Pudding Body Buddies" that says "Cannot be used as a Fusion, Synchro, or Xyz Material for a Summon." is not treated as an effect, a face-down "Putrid Pudding Body Buddies" cannot be used as a Fusion Material either.
  • If "Legendary Knight Hermos" gains the effects of "Koa'ki Meiru Overload", the text that says "During each of your End Phases, destroy this card unless you send 1 "Iron Core of Koa'ki Meiru" from your hand to the Graveyard or reveal 1 Rock-Type monster in your hand." is not applied.
• The following are examples of text that is not treated as an effect:
  • The requirements of Special Summon Monsters to Special Summon themselves.
  • Text that says "otherwise, if you do not do either, destroy this card" or something similar in order to maintain that card (maintainance cost).
  • Text that specifies the activation requirements for that effect like "the effect of [card name] can only be used once per turn".
  • Text that specifies the type of Material that the card cannot be used as, like "cannot be used as a Synchro Material". Also, the text that designates the other Materials to be used.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 175-176

---

Text that specifies the activation requirements for that effect, like "the effect of [card name] can only be used once per turn", is text that is not an effect^[1].

Activate:

• If an activation is not negated, but later the effect is negated or is unable to resolve, the effect still counts as having been activated^[1].
• If "can only be activated once per turn" is written in a Spell or Trap Card, if the activation of that card is negated, another card with the same name can be activated again in the same turn^[1].
  Example

  If the activation of "Pot of Duality" is negated by "Magic Jammer", if you have another copy of "Pot of Duality" in your hand, it can be activated again in the same turn.

  ---

• If "the effect(s) of this card can only be activated once per turn" or simply "once per turn:" is written (different from "the effect of [card name] can only be activated/used once per turn"), if that card is flipped face-down or leaves the field and it later appears on the field face-up once again, the same effect of cards with the same name can be activated^[1].
  • However, if control switches to the opponent, the effect cannot be activated^[1][2].
    Example

    You have activated the effect of "Legendary Six Samurai - Shi En" that negates the activation of a Spell/Trap Card. If control of "Legendary Six Samurai - Shi En" is now changed due to "Enemy Controller"'s effect, your opponent cannot use the same effect of that "Legendary Six Samurai - Shi En" this turn, even if they take control of it.

    ---

Use:

• If "can only be used once per turn" is written in a Monster Card, if the activation is negated, that effect cannot be activated again in the same turn^[1].
• If "can only be used once per turn" is written in a Spell or Trap Card that is already face-up, if that effect has its activation negated, it cannot be activated again during the same turn^[1].
• If "the effect of [card name] can only be used once per turn" is written with a particular card name, if that card leaves the field and returns to the field in the same turn, that card or cards with the same name cannot activate that effect in that turn^[1].
  • The same applies if "can only be used once per Duel" is written^[1].
  • However, if control switches to the opponent, monsters with the same name that the opponent controls can activate that effect^[1].
• For cards like "Fire King Avatar Yaksha" that say "You can only use this effect of "Fire King Avatar Yaksha" once per turn", the text that says "this effect" only refers to the previous effect. The other effects of that card can still be activated^[1].

Effect interactions

• Banish until (temporarily banish a card)
  
  • If "the effect(s) of this card can only be activated once per turn" or simply "once per turn:" is written (different from "the effect of [card name] can only be activated/used once per turn"), if that card is flipped face-down or leaves the field and it later appears on the field face-up once again, the same effect of cards with the same name can be activated^[1].
• If "the effect of [card name] can only be used once per turn" is written with a particular card name, if that card leaves the field and returns to the field in the same turn, that card or cards with the same name cannot activate that effect in that turn. The same applies if "can only be used once per Duel" is written^[1].
• Change/Take/Give/Switch Control
  
  • If "the effect(s) of this card can only be activated once per turn" or simply "once per turn:" is written (different from "the effect of [card name] can only be activated/used once per turn"), if control switches to the opponent, the effect cannot be activated^[2].
    Example

    You have activated the effect of "Legendary Six Samurai - Shi En" that negates the activation of a Spell/Trap Card. If control of "Legendary Six Samurai - Shi En" is now changed due to "Enemy Controller"'s effect, your opponent cannot use the same effect of that "Legendary Six Samurai - Shi En" this turn, even if they take control of it.

    ---

• If "the effect of [card name] can only be used once per turn" is written with a particular card name, if control switches to the opponent, monsters with the same name that the opponent controls can activate that effect^[1].
• Change to Face-down Defense Position
  
  • If "the effect(s) of this card can only be activated once per turn" or simply "once per turn:" is written (different from "the effect of [card name] can only be activated/used once per turn"), if that card is flipped face-down or leaves the field and it later appears on the field face-up once again, the same effect of cards with the same name can be activated^[1].
• If "the effect of [card name] can only be used once per turn" is written with a particular card name, if that card leaves the field and returns to the field in the same turn, that card or cards with the same name cannot activate that effect in that turn. The same applies if "can only be used once per Duel" is written^[1].
• Properties Changing: Name changing
  If an effect reads "You can only use this effect of [card name] once per turn" or "You can only use the effect of a card with this name once per turn", this is not influenced by changes to the card's name on the field^[3].
  Example

  If the effect of "Giant Pairfish" that says "You can discard 1 monster; Special Summon 1 Level 4 or lower Wyrm-Type monster from your Deck. You can only use this effect of "Giant Pairfish" once per turn." is activated, and later its name changes by the effect of another card, the effect of the "Giant Pairfish" that had its name changed during that turn cannot be activated.

  ---

• Properties Changing: Copy effect continuous/lingering
  If the effects of another monster are gained by an effect that gains effects, the requirements to use that effect like "can only activate the effect of [card name] once per turn" are also applied^[4].
  Example

  You control two "Therion" monsters, each equipped with a "Therion "Reaper" Fum". Due to the effect of "Therion "Reaper" Fum", both of these monsters have gained the effect of "Therion "Reaper" Fum", which allows to return cards on the field to the hand. During a single turn, you can only activate that effect of one of these monsters. You are considered to be using the effect of "Therion "Reaper" Fum" to return a card to the hand not only if you activate that effect of a "Therion "Reaper" Fum", but also if you activate that effect that another monster has gained. "Therion "Reaper" Fum"'s card text tells you that you can only use the effect to return to hand of "Therion "Reaper" Fum" once per turn. Therefore, you cannot use that effect twice during the same turn, even if different monsters have that effect.

  ---

• Properties Changing: Copy effect resolves as another card's effect
  Copying activated effects and named once per turn restrictions: this kind of effect "ignores" named once per turn restrictions^[5].
  Example

  You can activate "Urgent Ritual Art" by banishing "Nekroz Kaleidoscope" during a turn in which the Ritual Summoning effect of "Nekroz Kaleidoscope" has been used. While resolving the effect of "Urgent Ritual Art", the effect of the banished Ritual Spell Card is performed as the resolution of the effect of "Urgent Ritual Art". Therefore, even in that case, "Urgent Ritual Art" can be activated by banishing "Nekroz Kaleidoscope".

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 176-177
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Unqualified 'once per turn' and change of control
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 55
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters gaining the effects of other monsters, and once-per-turn restrictions
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Copying activated effects and named once per turn restrictions

---

Examples
	Mara of the Nordic Alfar When using this card as Synchro Material, the other Synchro Materials must be 2 "Nordic" monsters in your hand.
	Underworld Goddess of the Closed World 4+ Effect Monsters You can also use 1 monster your opponent controls as material to Link Summon this card. If this card is Link Summoned: You can negate the effects of all face-up monsters your opponent currently controls. This Link Summoned card is unaffected by your opponent's activated effects, unless they target this card. Once per turn, when your opponent activates a card or effect that Special Summons a monster(s) from the GY (Quick Effect): You can negate the activation.
	Garbage Lord You can Special Summon this card (from your hand) by paying 2000 Life Points. This card cannot be used as an Xyz Material for an Xyz Summon, except for the Xyz Summon of a DARK monster.

Text that indicates that a monster cannot be a Material for a Special Summon monster, or that indicates the Special Summon Monster that can be Summoned using it, is text that is not an effect^[1]. Examples:

• "Cannot be used as a Synchro Material" is text that indicates that the monster iself cannot be used as a Material^[1]. However, if the requirement also says "as long as this card is face-up" in cards like "Blackwing - Vayu the Emblem of Honor", that is a Continuous Effect^[2].
• "If this card is used as a Synchro Material, the other monsters must be [X]" is text that indicates the other Synchro Materials^[1].
• "This card cannot be used as an Xyz Material for an Xyz Summon, except for the Xyz Summon of a DARK monster." is text that indicates the monster that would be Xyz Summoned^[1].
• "You can use monsters in your hand as non-Tuner Synchro Materials" is text that indicates the Synchro Materials in the hand^[1].

Effect interactions

• Leaves the field because of an opponent's card
  A monster you that leaves the field because used as a material (for example as Tribute or Link material) for an opponent's monster summoning procedures, it counts as having left the field by your opponent's card^[3].
  Example

  You control a Fusion Summoned "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon", and your opponent Tributes it to Special Summon "Gadarla, the Mystery Dust Kaiju" to my field. "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon" is considered to have left the field by the opponent and it can activate its effect. Also, if your opponent sends that "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon" to the Graveyard as Link Material for the Link Summon of "Underworld Goddess of the Closed World", that effect can be activated as well.

  ---

• Unaffected
  
  • The text "You can also use 1 monster your opponent controls as material to Link Summon this card" of "Underworld Goddess of the Closed World" is not an effect, therefore an opponent's monster that is unaffected by monster effects can still be used as a Link Material^[4].
• The text "You can Special Summon this card (from your hand) to your opponent's field in Attack Position, by Tributing 1 monster they control" of a "Kaiju" Monster is not an effect, therefore an opponent's monster that is unaffected by monster effects can still be tributed^[5].
• "Necrovalley"
  If you Special Summon a Special Summon Monster using the procedure described in its card text, this is not treated as a Special Summon performed by a card effect. Therefore, since this is not a card effect being applied to cards in the Graveyard (as described in "Necrovalley"'s text), you can Special Summon such monsters this way^[6].
  Example

  The following monsters have a Special Summoning procedure described at the beginning of their respective card text, which is not treated as an effect: "The Bystial Lubellion", "The Bystial Alba Los", "Mementoal Tecuhtlica - Combined Creation", "Infernoid Onuncu". However, note that the effect of Necrovalley that prevents players from banishing cards from the Graveyard is also applying. This prevents you from banishing cards from the Graveyard, regardless of whether a card effect is doing so. Therefore, in order to Special Summon "Infernoid Onuncu", you will need to banish 3 "Infernoid" monsters from your hand.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 178
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Blackwing - Vayu the Emblem of Honor"
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Leaves the field by your opponent" and Summoning procedures
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Underworld Goddess of the Closed World" using an opponent's monster that is unaffected
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Metaltron XII, the True Dracombatant", "Kumongous, the Sticky String Kaiju"
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Necrovalley" and Special Summon monsters

---

Examples
	Number 41: Bagooska the Terribly Tired Tapir 2 Level 4 monsters Once per turn, during your Standby Phase, detach 1 material from this card. If you cannot, destroy it. This Attack Position card cannot be destroyed by your opponent's card effects. Your opponent cannot target this Attack Position card with card effects. While this card is in face-up Defense Position, change all face-up monsters on the field to Defense Position, also negate the activated effects of monsters that were in Defense Position when that effect was activated.
	Summoning Curse If a monster(s) is Special Summoned: The current controller of that monster(s) banishes 1 card from their hand. Once per turn, during your End Phase, pay 500 LP or destroy this card.
	Aerial Recharge Once per turn: You can Special Summon 1 "Mecha Phantom Beast Token" (Machine-Type/WIND/Level 3/ATK 0/DEF 0). During each player's End Phase, Tribute 1 Token or "Mecha Phantom Beast" monster, or send this card to the Graveyard.

A maintenance cost is a cost required to keep a card on the field. They are typically paid during a player's Standby Phase or End Phase. If a player does not, or cannot, pay the maintenance cost of a card, then it will destroy itself (with the exception of "Gaia Plate the Earth Giant" and "Aerial Recharge", which simply send themselves to the Graveyard)^[1].

• Maintenance costs are not effects, so they cannot be negated and do not activate or start a Chain Link; even if a card like "Skill Drain"" or "Jinzo" is on the field and negating the card's effects, its maintenance cost still needs to be paid^[1].
• Cards such as "Card Guard" and "Field Barrier" cannot protect these cards from destroying themselves due to not paying their maintenance cost, since it is not treated as being destroyed by a card effect^[1].

For mandatory maintenance costs (such as "Imperial Order", "Degenerate Circuit", "Number 41: Bagooska the Terribly Tired Tapir"), the player does not have the option of choosing not to pay the cost and letting the card be destroyed^[1].

• If a mandatory maintenance cost requires LP and the player has exactly the specified amount left, since they must pay, they lose the Duel when the cost comes up due to reaching 0 LP (e.g. when the controller of "Imperial Order" happens to have 700 LP during the Standby Phase)^[1].

Effect interactions

• Properties Changing: Copy effect continuous/lingering
  Copying the effect of a card does not copy the maintenance cost^[2].
  Example

  If "Legendary Knight Hermos" gains the effects of "Koa'ki Meiru Overload", the text that says "During each of your End Phases, destroy this card unless you send 1 "Iron Core of Koa'ki Meiru" from your hand to the Graveyard or reveal 1 Rock-Type monster in your hand." is not applied.

  ---

References:

1. Yugipedia
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 175

---

Examples
	Brilliant Rose (This card is always treated as a "Gem-Knight" card.) You can discard 1 "Gem-Knight" or "Melodious" card; Special Summon this card from your hand. You can only use this effect of "Brilliant Rose" once per turn. Once per turn: You can send 1 "Gem-Knight" or "Melodious" monster from your Extra Deck to the GY; until the End Phase, this card's name/Type/Attribute become the same as the original name/Type/Attribute of the monster sent to the GY to activate this effect.
	A Legendary Ocean (This card is always treated as "Umi".) All WATER monsters on the field gain 200 ATK/DEF. Reduce the Level of all WATER monsters in both players' hands and on the field by 1.
	Time Engine (This card is always treated as a "Metalmorph" card.) If a monster(s) you control is destroyed by battle or an opponent's card effect: Target 1 of them; Special Summon it, then, if it is a Level 5 or higher Machine monster and you have another "Metalmorph" Trap on your field or in your GY, you can destroy as many monsters your opponent controls as possible, then you can inflict damage to them equal to the Summoned monster's original ATK.

• Monsters that read "This card's name is always treated as [card name]", have their name always treated as that name, even while in the Deck, hand, Graveyard, or otherwise outside of the field^[2]. If cards with a text that say "This card's name is always treated as [card name]" are included in the Deck, the card is treated as having that card name^[1].
  Example

  Since "Cyber Harpie Lady" says "(This card's name is always treated as "Harpie Lady".)", you can only include up to 3 copies in total of "Harpie Lady" and "Cyber Harpie Lady" in your Main Deck^[1].

  ---

• Monsters that read "This card is always treated as [a particular title/archetype] card" are treated as including that title/archetype in their card name^[2].

Effect interactions

• Declare 1 card name
  A card named [X] whose text reads "this card is always treated as [Y]" cannot be declared by card name: when activating an effect that involves declaring a card name, you cannot declare [X] but you can declare [Y]^[3].
  Example

  The card names "A Legendary Ocean" and "Lemuria, the Forgotten City" are always treated as "Umi". When declaring a card name, you cannot declare the card names "A Legendary Ocean" or "Lemuria, the Forgotten City". Both "A Legendary Ocean" and "Lemuria, the Forgotten City" are card names that are always treated as "Umi". Therefore, the original card name of these cards while they are being used in a Duel will also be "Umi". As a result, if you declare "Umi" when activating "Crossout Designator", you can banish either "Umi", "A Legendary Ocean", or "Lemuria, the Forgotten City" when "Crossout Designator" resolves. Regardless of which one you banish, the effect of "Crossout Designator" will apply to all cards whose original name is "Umi", which includes the cards A Legendary Ocean and Lemuria, the Forgotten City.

  ---

• Properties Changing: Name changing
  Archetype inclusion/exclusion "this card is always treated as [a particular title/archetype] card" clauses apply to a particular card name, not to a particular card: copying the name of a card with such clauses will copy also the "[a particular title/archetype]" clause^[4].
  Example

  You activate the effect of "Crystal Rose", and when it resolves, you send "Brilliant Rose" to the Graveyard. As a result, the name of "Crystal Rose" is now treated as "Brilliant Rose". Due to "Brilliant Rose"'s text, it is also treated as a "Gem-Knight" card.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 41
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 55
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Umi", "Crossout Designator"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Archetype inclusion/exclusion clauses apply to a particular card name, not to a particular card

---

Examples
	Mobius the Mega Monarch You can Tribute Summon this card by Tributing 1 Tribute Summoned monster. When this card is Tribute Summoned: You can target up to 3 Spell/Trap Cards on the field; destroy those targets. If this card was Tribute Summoned by Tributing a WATER monster, add this additional effect. ● Your opponent cannot activate the targeted cards in response to this effect's activation.
	Super Polymerization Discard 1 card; Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, using monsters from either field as Fusion Material. Neither player can activate cards or effects in response to this card's activation.
	Nordic Relic Laevateinn Target 1 face-up monster on the field that destroyed a monster by battle this turn; destroy it. Cards and effects cannot be activated in response to this card's activation.

Texts of this kind are not effects^[1].

Example

You have just Tribute Summoned "Qliphort Stealth", and the effect of "Skill Drain" is applying. You activate the effect of that "Qliphort Stealth" that returns a card to the hand. The text on "Qliphort Stealth" that indicates that your opponent cannot activate cards or effects in response to the activation of that effect is not, itself, treated as a monster effect. Therefore, even if "Skill Drain" is applying to "Qliphort Stealth", your opponent cannot activate cards or effects in response to you activating the effect of "Qliphort Stealth" that returns a card to the hand^[1].

---

• Text that does not grant this kind of protection to the card itself (so it does not say "this") is an effect. For example "Lovely Labrynth of the Silver Castle"'s card text that says "Your opponent cannot activate monster effects in response to the activation of your Normal Trap Cards" is an effect^[2].

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Cannot-respond text not being a card effect
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Lovely Labrynth of the Silver Castle"

---

Examples
	Exodia the Forbidden One If you have "Right Leg of the Forbidden One", "Left Leg of the Forbidden One", "Right Arm of the Forbidden One" and "Left Arm of the Forbidden One" in addition to this card in your hand, you win the Duel.
	Victory Dragon This card cannot be Special Summoned. To Tribute Summon this card, you must Tribute 3 Dragon-Type monsters. If this card attacks your opponent directly and reduces their Life Points to 0, you win the Match.
	Final Countdown Pay 2000 Life Points. After 20 turns have passed after you activate this card (counting the turn you activate this card as the 1st turn), you win the Duel.

Text that directly affects the state of the game like "you win the Duel" or "you win the Match" is text that is not an effect^[1].

• Even if those conditions are met during the resolution of an effect, if those conditions are not met after all the parts of the effect finish resolving, a victory cannot be declared^[1].
  Example

  If the condition for "Exodia the Forbidden One" that says "If you have "Right Leg of the Forbidden One", "Left Leg of the Forbidden One", "Right Arm of the Forbidden One" and "Left Arm of the Forbidden One" in addition to this card in your hand, you win the Duel" is met when cards are drawn by the effect of "Graceful Charity" that says "Draw 3 cards, then discard 2 cards", if the condition is not met after resolving the effect of "Graceful Charity" that says "then discard 2 cards", a victory cannot be declared^[2].

  ---

• If those conditions are met during the resolution of a chain, a victory can be declared after each resolution^[1][3].
  Example

  If you meet the Victory Condition of "Exodia the Forbidden One" by activating the effect of "Jar of Greed" that says "Draw 1 card" in a chain to the activation of the opponent's "Mind Crush", the effect of "Mind Crush" is not applied afterwards and you win the Duel^[1].

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 179
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Exodia the Forbidden One", "Graceful Charity"
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Victory conditions and immediately-afters

---

This section presents specific terms/phrases that can be encountered in cards' effects, explaining their meaning and complex rulings regarding them.

---

Examples
	Ignis Heat, the True Dracowarrior To Tribute Summon this card face-up, you can Tribute a Continuous Spell/Trap you control, instead of a monster. Once per turn, when your opponent activates a card or effect while you control this Tribute Summoned monster (Quick Effect): You can take 1 "True Draco" or "True King" Continuous Spell from your Deck, and either activate it or add it to your hand.
	Dream Mirror of Joy During the End Phase: You can banish this card; activate 1 "Dream Mirror of Terror" directly from your hand or Deck. You can only use this effect of "Dream Mirror of Joy" once per turn. "Dream Mirror" monsters you control cannot be targeted by your opponent's card effects, or their monsters' attacks, except your "Dream Mirror" monster(s) with the highest Level. This effect is only applied while you control a LIGHT "Dream Mirror" monster.
	Metaverse Take 1 Field Spell from your Deck, and either activate it or add it to your hand.

• If you activate a Field Spell Card (1) using the effect of another card (2), the activation of (1) will also be performed while (2) is resolving. No Chain Link is formed as a result of the (1)'s activation. If you activate (1) this way, you cannot apply (1)'s "when this card is activated" effect^[1].
  Example

  If you activate a Field Spell Card using the effect of "Metaverse", the activation of the Field Spell Card will also be performed while "Metaverse" is resolving. No Chain Link is formed as a result of the Field Spell Card's activation. If you activate a Field Spell this way, you cannot apply that Field Spell's "when this card is activated" effect.

  ---

• To activate [X] through another card effect you must still meet [X]'s activation requirements^[2].
  Example

  "Soul Binding Gate" can be activated with the effects of "Metaverse" and "Demise of the Land", but you must still meet its requirements of controlling no monsters and Set Spell/Trap you control being destroyed by card effect this turn. Therefore, if you control no monsters and a Set Spell/Trap you control was destroyed by card effect this turn, you can activate "Soul Binding Gate" with the effect of "Metaverse". Also, when the opponent Special Summons a monster(s) during a turn in which a Set Spell/Trap you control was destroyed by card effect, and you control no monsters, you can activate "Soul Binding Gate" with "Demise of the Land"'s effect.

  ---

• Trigger effects that say "if [X] is activated: do [A]" won't activate if [X] is activated by another card effect^[3].
  Example

  When your opponent activates the effect of "Dinomight Knight, the True Dracofighter", they activate a "True King's Return" in the Spell & Trap Zone that is in the same column as your "Magical Musketeer Caspar". At this time, the effect of "Magical Musketeer Caspar" that adds a "Magical Musket" card from your Deck to your hand cannot be activated.

  ---

Effect interactions

• Cannot/Neither player can
  If a continuous effect that says "[X] cannot be activated" is applying, you still cannot activate [X] through another card's effect^[4].
  Example

  The effect of "Metaverse" either adds a Field Spell Card from your Deck to your hand, or activates one from your Deck. While the effect of "Anti-Spell Fragrance" is applying, you can still activate "Metaverse", but the effect of "Anti-Spell Fragrance" prevents you from activating Spell Cards that were not Set first. Therefore, the Field Spell Card must be added to your hand.

  ---

• Each time [A] happens, do [B]: Continuous Effects that apply at chain link resolution
  Continuous effects that say "Each time [X] is activated, do [B]" won't apply [B] if [X] is activated by another card effect^[5].
  Example

  If a Spell Card is activated by another effect, "Skilled Blue Magician"'s"each time a Spell Card is activated, place 1 Spell Counter on this card when that Spell resolves" effect will not be applied, and no Spell Counters are placed as a result of that activation. If "Demise of the Land" is activated, one Spell Counter is placed on "Skilled Blue Magician" (it is placed as a result of "Demise of the Land"'s own activation).

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Metaverse", "Trickstar Light Stage"
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Soul Binding Gate", "Metaverse", "Demise of the Land"
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Dinomight Knight, the True Dracofighter", "Magical Musketeer Caspar"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Anti-Spell Fragrance", "Metaverse"
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Demise of the Land", "Skilled Blue Magician"

---

Examples
	Ryko, Lightsworn Hunter FLIP: Apply these effects (simultaneously). ● You can destroy 1 card on the field. ● Send the top 3 cards of your Deck to the GY.
	Gravekeeper's Inscription At the start of your Main Phase 1: Apply 1 of the following effects until the end of your opponent's turn. ● Neither player can activate card effects in the GY. ● Neither player can banish cards from the GY. ● Neither player can Special Summon monsters from the GYs.
	Vaalmonica Chosen Melody Apply 1 of these effects. You must control a "Vaalmonica" Monster Card to activate and to resolve this effect. If you control a "Vaalmonica" Link Monster, you can apply both effects in sequence. ● Gain 500 LP, also for the rest of this turn, your opponent cannot target "Vaalmonica" Monster Cards you control with card effects. ● Take 500 damage, then you can negate the effects of 1 Effect Monster your opponent controls, until the end of this turn. You can only activate 1 "Vaalmonica Chosen Melody" per turn.

• Cards with effects of this kind can be activated as long as one of the effect can be applied. If neither effect can be applied, the card cannot be activated^[1].

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: " Arcana Reading"

---

Examples
	Rush Recklessly Target 1 face-up monster on the field; it gains 700 ATK until the end of this turn.		United We Stand The equipped monster gains 800 ATK/DEF for each face-up monster you control.
	Half Shut Target 1 face-up monster on the field; it cannot be destroyed by battle this turn, also its ATK is halved until the end of this turn.		Megamorph While your LP is lower than your opponent's, the equipped monster's ATK becomes double its original ATK. While your LP is higher, the equipped monster's ATK becomes half its original ATK.
	Shrink Target 1 face-up monster on the field; its original ATK becomes halved until the end of this turn.		Unstable Evolution While your LP is lower than your opponent's, the equipped monster's original ATK becomes 2400. While your LP is higher, the equipped monster's original ATK becomes 1000.

• The original ATK/DEF are the values written in a Monster Card. The original values of a face-up monster on the field can also be modified by card effects^[1].
• If the ATK or DEF of a monster is changed by its own Ignition or Trigger Monster Effect, and later the monster affected by that applied effect has its effects negated, the effect that modified the ATK and DEF is no longer applied after that resolution^[1].
  Example

  After resolving the effect of "D/D/D Dragon King Pendragon" that says "Once per turn: You can discard 1 card; this card gains 500 ATK" resolves, if the effects of "D/D/D Dragon King Pendragon" are negated by the effect of "Breakthrough Skill" that says "negate the effects of that opponent's face-up monster, until the end of this turn", the ATK of "D/D/D Dragon King Pendragon" returns to its original value.

  ---

• The ATK and DEF that results from effects that increase/decrease the ATK and DEF are not treated as original values^[1].
• If multiple effects that increase or decrease the ATK and DEF are applied, those effects are accumulated^[1]. Note that a monster's ATK/DEF cannot be lower than 0. Decreases are still applied to a monster's ATK/DEF even if they would become lower than 0, but will be cut off at 0. The leftover amount is still "store", so that it needs to be taken into account when you further increase a monster's ATK/DEF^[3][4].
• There are effects that say they make "the original ATK (or DEF) become [value]", which change the original value of the card. Effects that simply say "the ATK (or DEF) becomes [value]" do not modify the original values^[2].
• If an effect that doubles the ATK or DEF is applied on a monster with ? ATK, the original ATK value is treated as 0^[2].
  Example

  If a "Gogogo Golem - Golden Form" that had its ATK become 4000 is targeted to activate "Shrink", since the original ATK of "Gogogo Golem - Golden Form" is ?, its ATK becomes 0.

  ---

• Face-down monsters are not affected by effects that change the card name, Type, Attribute, ATK/DEF, Level or Rank of monsters on the field^[6].

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 156
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 160
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Recalculation of ATK/DEF permits negative intermediate values
4. YGOrg's article (unofficial resource)
5. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 105-106

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Any given modifier can fall under one of the following different categories^[1]:

1. Activated/Lingering effect modifier that increases/decreases the current ATK/DEF.

2. Non-activated/Continuous effect modifier that increases/decreases the current ATK/DEF.

3. Activated/Lingering effect modifier that sets current ATK/DEF to determined value.

4. Non-activated/Continuous effect modifier that sets current ATK/DEF to determined value.

5. Activated/Lingering effect modifier that sets original ATK/DEF to determined value.

6. Non-activated/Continuous effect modifier that sets original ATK/DEF to determined value.

Possible outcomes:

• (x) are always applied successfully/Apply (x) after previous (5,6)

• Remove previous (y) when applying (x): apply (x) then when (x) stops applying the value will forget/won't apply anymore about (y)

• (y) are not reapplied until (x) stops applying

• Apply (x) and reapply (y) afterwards

• Apply new (x): overwrites previous (y) of the same kind, if (x) stops applying then (y) will return to apply

In the examples, the two cards on the left are the "Prev", the card on the right separated by the previous two is the "New": "→" signifies the value after the "New" effect is applied, "⇒" signifies the value after the "New" effect has stopped applying

New \ Prev			+/-	Set current		Set original
			(1) & (2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
			L & C	L	C	L	C
+/-	(1)	L	(1,2) are always applied successfully[1][2][5][7] (1900+700)-600 → 2000 ⇒ 1900[1] 1900/2+700 → 950+700=1650 ⇒ 1900[2][5] 1900/2+800 → 950+800=1750 ⇒ 950[2] (1900 halve original)+700 → 950+700=1650 ⇒ 1900[7]	Remove previous (1,3) when applying (3)[2] (1900+700)/2 → 1300 ⇒ 1900	(1,3,5) are not reapplied until (4) stops applying[2][6] (1900+700) set to 100 → 100 ⇒ 2600	Apply (5,6) and reapply (1,2) afterwards[2][3][7][9][14] (1900+700) halve original → 950+700=1650 ⇒ 1900[2][7][9][14] (1900+700) set original to 2400 → 2400+700=3100 ⇒ 2600[2][7] (1900+800) halve original → 950+800=1750 ⇒ 2700[3] (1900+800) set original to 2400 → 2400+800=3200 ⇒ 2700[3]
	(2)	C		(2,4) are not reapplied until (3) stops applying[3][5][9] (1900+800)/2 → 1350 ⇒ 2700	Apply (4) and reapply (2) afterwards[3][11] (1900+800) set to 100 → 100+800=900 ⇒ 2700
Set current	(3)	L		Remove previous (1,3) when applying (3)[4] (1900/2)/2 → 475 ⇒ 1900	(1,3,5) are not reapplied until (4) stops applying[5] (1900/2) set to 100 → 100 ⇒ 950	Remove previous (3,5) when applying (5)	(3,5) are not reapplied until (6) stops applying
	(4)	C		(2,4) are not reapplied until (3) stops applying[6] (1900 set to 100)/2 → 50 ⇒ 100	Apply new (4)[4][15][16] (1900x2) set to 100 → 100 ⇒ 3800	Apply (5,6) and reapply (4) afterwards[8][13] (1900x2) halve original → 950x2=1900 ⇒ 3800[8]
Set original	(5)	L		Apply (3) after previous (5,6)[10] (2300 halve original)x2 → 2300 ⇒ 1150	(1,3,5) are not reapplied until (4) stops applying[17]	Remove previous (3,5) when applying (5)[12] (1900 set original to 100) halve original → 50 ⇒ 1900	(3,5) are not reapplied until (6) stops applying
	(6)	C			Apply (6) and reapply (4) afterwards	(6) are not reapplied until (5) stops applying	Apply new (6)

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 156: ATK/DEF Modifications
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 157-158: ATK or DEF is Increased or Decreased by an Effect that Activates
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 159-160: ATK or DEF is Increased or Decreased by a Continuously Applied Effect
4. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 160: values become a determined value
5. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 161: ATK or DEF Become a Determined Value by an Activated Effect
6. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 162: Continuously Applied Effect that Makes the ATK or DEF Become a Determined Value is Applied
7. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 163: Effect that Makes the Original ATK or DEF Become a Determined Value is Applied
8. YGOrg's article (unofficial resource)
9. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Continuous Current Addition → Lingering Current Set
10. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Lingering Original Set → Lingering Current Set
11. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Continuous Current Addition → Continuous Current Set
12. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Lingering Original Set → Lingering Original Set
13. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Continuous Current Set → Lingering Original Set
14. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Lingering Current Addition → Lingering Original Set
15. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Relinquished" → "Megamorph"
16. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Megamorph" → "Relinquished"
17. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Shield & Sword" → "Megamorph"
18. Pazim's Resources (unofficial resource)

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Certain effects that set a monster's current ATK/DEF continuously are always reapplied last as new modifiers are introduced, breaking some of the rules established above. Even though they can be described in the same way (non-activated effects that set ATK/DEF to a determined value) it is not always clear why they work differently^[1].

For these special cases, no matter what the effects currently in play are, they are always applied last^[2].

• If a new effect is applied, reapply those effects right afterwards^[2].
• When those effects stop applying, reapply everything, including lingering effects (1,3,5)^[2].

Examples
	Super Crashbug "Number 17: Leviathan Dragon" and "Super Crashbug" are on the field. The effect of "Super Crashbug" switches the ATK/DEF of "Number 17: Leviathan Dragon" to be 0/2000. If the effect of "Number 17: Leviathan Dragon" is activated, its ATK is recalculated with the effect of "Super Crashbug" being applied last. The ATK/DEF become 0/2500, not 500/2000. If "Super Crashbug" leaves the field, the ATK/DEF of "Number 17: Leviathan Dragon" becomes 2500/0[1].
	The Wicked Dreadroot "Red-Eyes Black Dragon" is equipped with "Megamorph", and "The Wicked Dreadroot" is on the field, which halves the current ATK/DEF of all other monsters on the field. The ATK of "Red-Eyes Black Dragon" is either 600 or 2400, while its DEF is 1000[1]. "Black Garden" and "The Wicked Dreadroot" are on the field. If "Aleister the Invoker" is Normal Summoned, the effect of "The Wicked Dreadroot" is immediately applied, so the ATK/DEF of "Aleister the Invoker" become 500/900. The effect of "Black Garden" then activates, and halves the ATK of "Aleister the Invoker" to 250. Now, the effect of The "The Wicked Dreadroot" is reapplied to the newly-determined value, and halves it further to 125. (The DEF remains 900). If "The Wicked Dreadroot" leaves the field, the ATK of "Aleister the Invoker" becomes 250 again[1].
	The Wicked Avatar "The Wicked Avatar" and "Salamangreat Heatleo" are on the field, and the ATK/DEF of "The Wicked Avatar" are each 2400. If the effect of "Salamangreat Heatleo" is activated, targeting a "Knightmare Phoenix" in the Graveyard and "The Wicked Avatar" on the field, the ATK of "The Wicked Avatar" becomes 1900, but immediately reverts to 2400. During this turn, if the effects of "The Wicked Avatar" are negated, its ATK will become 1900 again and its DEF becomes 0[1][3].
	Water Dragon "Water Dragon", "Apple Magician Girl", and "Chocolate Magician Girl" are all on the field, and the ATK of "Apple Magician Girl" is 0 due to the effect of "Water Dragon". If "Magicians Unite" is activated, targeting "Apple Magician Girl", its ATK becomes 3000, but the effect of "Water Dragon" is immediately reapplied and makes the ATK become 0 again. If "Water Dragon" is destroyed this turn, the ATK of "Apple Magician Girl" becomes 3000 again[1].
	Clear Vice Dragon If "Clear Vice Dragon" attacks "Red-Eyes Black Dragon", "Clear Vice Dragon" will have 4800 ATK during damage calculation. If "TA.I. Strike" is activated during damage calculation, the ATK of "Clear Vice Dragon" becomes 2400, but the effect is reapplied and becomes 4800 again[1] .
	Victory Viper XX03 "Victory Viper XX03" and an "Option Token" summoned by "Victory Viper XX03" are on the field. The Pendulum Effect of "Performapal Turn Toad" is applied to the "Option Token", which switches its ATK/DEF from 1200/1000 to 1000/1200. However, its ATK/DEF immediately readjust to be the same as "Victory Viper XX03", so they become 1200/1000 again[1].
	Gradius' Option "Gradius" and "Gradius' Option" are face-up on your side of the field. While the effect of "Gradius' Option" is applying, making its ATK 1200 and its DEF 800, the Pendulum Effect of "Performapal Turn Toad" is activated and switches its ATK and DEF, the ATK and DEF of "Gradius' Option" are calculated using its effect. In this scenario, although the 1200 ATK and 800 DEF of "Gradius' Option" are switched by the effect of "Performapal Turn Toad", the effect of "Gradius' Option" then changes its ATK and DEF to equal that of the selected "Gradius", which makes its ATK and DEF 1200 and 800 once again. The same result occurs when the monster effect during the Battle Phase of "Performapal Turn Toad" is applied to "Gradius' Option"[4].
	Salamangreat Violet Chimera A "Salamangreat Violet Chimera" that was Fusion Summoned using another "Salamangreat Violet Chimera" as material is face-up in your Monster Zone. If you attack a "Red-Eyes Zombie Necro Dragon" with that "Salamangreat Violet Chimera", the third effect of "Salamangreat Violet Chimera" is applied, it makes the ATK of the opponent's monster it battles become 0 during damage calculation only. If your opponent activates the effect of "Vampire Fraulein" during that damage calculation, even if the ATK of the opponent's monster is increased during damage calculation by the effect of "Vampire Fraulein", its ATK becomes 0 by the effect of "Salamangreat Violet Chimera", and damage calculation is performed[5].
	Mirror Wall "Injection Fairy Lily" attacks while "Mirror Wall" is on the field. Once the attack is declared, the ATK of "Injection Fairy Lily" is halved to 200. During damage calculation, if the effect of "Injection Fairy Lily" is activated, its ATK is recalculated. After its effect resolves, its ATK becomes 1700 due to "Mirror Wall", which is 3400 halved[1]. The effect of "Mirror Wall" is applied to a "Cybernetic Magician" that attacked, so its ATK becomes 1200. If the effect of "Cybernetic Magician" is then activated, applying to itself, its ATK becomes 2000, but the effect of "Mirror Wall" immediately reapplies and halves that amount, so the ATK actually becomes 1000[1].

More examples
Fusion Devourer[2]	Gaia Plate the Earth Giant[2]	Palladium Oracle Mahad[1]

References:

1. YGOrg's article (unofficial resource)
2. Pazim's Resources (unofficial resource)
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "The Wicked Avatar"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Gradius' Option"
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Salamangreat Violet Chimera"

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A monster's effect that sets its own current or original ATK/DEF upon being Summoned is generally considered a Continuous Effect, because it does not activate. However, these effects behave more like activated effects with respect to the interaction rules covered above. They are only applied once when the Summon is successful, and are not continuously-applying thereafter. "Naturia Beetle" is similar as well, although its effect is not applied upon being Summoned^[1].

• A monster (1) whose effect reads "The ATK of this card becomes the combined original ATK of the Tributed monsters", if it is Summoned by tributing a monster (2) on the field whose original ATK was set by another card (3), (1)'s ATK will be (2)'s printed ATK even though (2)'s original ATK differs from its printed ATK due to (3)^[2].
  Example

  A "Beast King Barbaros" which was Normal Summoned without Tributes, with an original ATK of 1900 is Tributed to Tribute Summon "Fog King". "Fog King"'s ATK will become the combined printed ATK of the monsters Tributed for its Tribute Summon. Therefore, even if the original ATK of the "Beast King Barbaros" on the field is treated as 1900, "Fog King"'s ATK will become the 3000 printed on "Beast King Barbaros".

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Examples
	Apollousa, Bow of the Goddess "Apollousa, Bow of the Goddess" has an original ATK of 3200 by its own effect, and has used its effect to decrease its ATK by 800 twice, for a total decrease of 1600 ATK. If the effect of "Shrink" is applied to "Apollousa, Bow of the Goddess", its original ATK becomes 1600, and the decrease of 1600 by its own effect is reapplied, making its current ATK 0. At the end of the turn, the original ATK of "Apollousa, Bow of the Goddess" becomes 0[1][3].
	Naturia Beetle "Naturia Beetle" has its ATK/DEF halved by the effect of "Blackwing - Gale the Whirlwind", so its ATK/DEF are 200/900. If a Spell Card is activated, the effect of "Naturia Beetle" is applied and its original ATK/DEF switch. Its current ATK/DEF will be 1800/400, meaning the effect of "Blackwing - Gale the Whirlwind" is no longer applied[1].

References:

1. YGOrg's article (unofficial resource)
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Original ATK" can mean "printed ATK", sometimes
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Apollousa, Bow of the Goddess", "Shrink"

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Conversely, there are activated effects that behave like non-activated effects, such as "Spiritual Beast Apelio" and "Aroma Garden". The activated effect's resolution is to begin applying a non-activated effect, which then takes effect for a certain amount of time. These cards have effects that activate and resolve, but the applied increase functions like a non-activated effect^[1].

Examples

Spiritual Beast Apelio The effect of your "Spiritual Beast Apelio" has activated and resolved. Your "Ritual Beast Ulti-Gaiapelio" with 3700 ATK attacks an opponent's Defense Position "Kazejin", and during damage calculation the effect of "Kazejin" is activated. The ATK of "Ritual Beast Ulti-Gaiapelio" becomes 0, and damage calculation occurs with that value. After damage calculation concludes, the effect of "Kazejin" stops applying and the effect of "Spiritual Beast Apelio" reapplies, so the ATK of "Ritual Beast Ulti-Gaiapelio" becomes 3700[1].

References:

1. YGOrg's article (unofficial resource)

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• A Monster's (1) ATK/DEF is already 0. A card's (2) effect which involves:
  • Reducing (1)'s ATK/DEF can be activated and will resolve successfully^[1].
  • Halving (1)'s ATK/DEF can be activated and will resolve successfully^[2].
  • Setting (1)'s ATK/DEF to 0 can be activated and will resolve successfully^[3].
  • Switching (1)'s ATK/DEF (when both are 0) can be activated and will resolve successfully^[4].

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation legality of effects that reduce ATK/DEF
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation legality of halving zero ATK/DEF
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation legality for setting ATK
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation legality for ATK/DEF switching

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A card's (1) effect which lowers a stat of a monster with action A and then does an action B, if action A applies to a monster (2) whose stat is even 0, then B will apply (even if (2)'s ATK is already 0, B will apply even if A is required such as "if you do" conjunctive).

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: 0 ATK/DEF, reduction, and conjunction success

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Examples
	Heraldic Beast Twin-Headed Eagle You can banish this card from your Graveyard to target 1 face-up Xyz Monster you control with no Xyz Materials and 2 "Heraldic Beast" monsters in your Graveyard; attach those monsters from the Graveyard to that face-up Xyz Monster, as Xyz Materials. You can only use the effect of "Heraldic Beast Twin-Headed Eagle" once per turn.
	Overlay Regen Target 1 face-up Xyz Monster on the field; attach this card to it as material.
	Spright Double Cross Target 1 monster on the field or in either GY, then activate 1 of these appropriate effects; ● Attach the targeted monster to 1 Rank 2 monster you control as material. ● Place the targeted monster your opponent controls in your zone your Link-2 monster points to, and take control of it. ● Special Summon the targeted monster from either GY to your zone your Link-2 monster points to. You can only activate 1 "Spright Double Cross" per turn.

Effect interactions

• Cannot switch control/possession
  Your opponent controls a monster (1) whose control/possession cannot switch. You cannot attach (1) to a monster you control (2) as material as it is considered changing control of that opponent's monster, therefore a card or effect that involves such action cannot be activated^[1].
  Example

  Your opponent controls an "Armed Dragon Thunder LV10" , and its "● 10+" effect that prevents control of it from switching is being applied. In this scenario, you cannot activate the effect of your "Cyber Dragon Infinity" that attaches the target to it as material by targeting that "Armed Dragon Thunder LV10".

  ---

• Change to Face-down Defense Position
  If an effect (1) that involves attaching a card (2) as an Xyz Material to an Xyz Monster on the field (3) is activated, if (3) is flipped face-down by another card's effect, then (1) resolves still by attaching (2) to (3)^[2].
  Example

  If "Overlay Regen" is activated, but "Book of Moon" is chained so that the targeted Xyz Monster is in face-down Defense Position when "Overlay Regen" resolves, at the time "Overlay Regen" resolves, even if the targeted Xyz Monster is now face-down, the effect of attaching "Overlay Regen" to it as an Xyz Material still applies as usual.

  ---

• Unaffected
  If an effect (1) that involves attaching a card (2) as an Xyz Material to an Xyz Monster on the field (3) is activated, if (3) is unaffected by cards' effects, then (1) resolves without attaching (2) to (3)^[3].
  Example

  If "Overlay Regen" is activated, but "Forbidden Lance" is chained so that the targeted monster becomes unaffected by other Spell/Trap effects, it is not possible to attach "Overlay Regen" to the targeted monster as an Xyz Material, as it is unaffected by Spell effects. As a result, "Overlay Regen" is sent to the Graveyard. Also, if "Overlay Regen" is activated by targeting a monster that has already become unaffected by other Spell/Trap effects because of "Forbidden Lance", it is still not possible to attach "Overlay Regen" to the targeted monster as an Xyz Material.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Armed Dragon Thunder LV10", "Cyber Dragon Infinity"
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Overlay Regen", "Book of Moon"
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Attaching material affects the monster being attached to

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Examples
	Ultimate Conductor Tyranno Cannot be Normal Summoned/Set. Must first be Special Summoned (from your hand) by banishing 2 Dinosaur monsters from your GY. Once per turn, during the Main Phase (Quick Effect): You can destroy 1 monster in your hand or field, and if you do, change all face-up monsters your opponent controls to face-down Defense Position. This card can attack all monsters your opponent controls, once each. At the start of the Damage Step, if this card attacks a Defense Position monster: You can inflict 1000 damage to your opponent, and if you do, send that Defense Position monster to the GY.
	ZW - Asura Strike You can target 1 "Utopia" monster you control; equip this monster from your hand or your side of the field to that target. It gains 1000 ATK. While this card is equipped to a monster, that monster can attack all monsters your opponent controls once each. You can only control 1 "ZW - Asura Strike".
	Crusadia Revival All "Crusadia" Link Monsters on the field gain 500 ATK. Once per turn: You can target 1 "Crusadia" Link Monster you control; this turn (even if this card leaves the field), it can attack all monsters your opponent controls once each, also other monsters you control cannot attack.

• As long as a monster was involved in an inappropriate attack at any point (even if the attack never reached the Damage Step), it can no longer attack all monsters once each^[1]. For example, you control "Mementoal Tecuhtlica - Combined Creation" that can attack all monsters your opponent's monsters once each:
  • Your opponent only controls a single monster, and you declare an attack on that monster using "Mementoal Tecuhtlica - Combined Creation". That monster leaves the field due to a card effect, and a replay occurs. Your "Mementoal Tecuhtlica - Combined Creation" can then attack directly.
  • Your "Mementoal Tecuhtlica - Combined Creation" attacks your opponent directly, and damage calculation is performed. Afterwards, a card effect Special Summons a monster to your opponent's field. Since damage calculation has been performed for the direct attack, you cannot attack the other monster.
  • Your "Mementoal Tecuhtlica - Combined Creation" attacks your opponent's only monster, and that monster is destroyed by the battle. You cannot attack directly afterwards.
  • Your opponent controls two monsters, and your "Mementoal Tecuhtlica - Combined Creation", equipped with "Shooting Star Bow - Ceal", attacks directly. During the Battle Step, "Shooting Star Bow - Ceal" is destroyed by a card effect, causing a replay, in the course of which "Mementoal Tecuhtlica - Combined Creation" attacks and destroy one of your opponent's monsters. Since "Mementoal Tecuhtlica - Combined Creation" has declared a direct attack, it cannot attack all your opponent's monsters, once each due to its effect, even if the direct attack's target changes to a monster during a replay.

Effect interactions

• Attack directly
  Monsters that can attack all opponent's monsters once and can attack directly^[2]:
  • After attacking your opponent directly, it is not possible to attack all monsters they control once each.
  • If you attacked an opponent's monster first, you cannot attack your opponent directly afterwards.
  Example

  If the effect of "Bujingi Ophidian" is applied to "Bujintei Susanowo", after attacking your opponent directly, it is not possible to attack all monsters they control once each. If you attacked an opponent's monster first, you cannot attack your opponent directly afterwards.

  ---

• Change attack target
  If a monster (1) can attack all opponent's monsters once each, if it attacks a monster (2) but then its attack is redirected to another monster (3), (1) cannot attack again (2). Furthermore, (3) which has been made the attack target instead of (2), if (3) has not been destroyed by battle after the attack redirection, (1) cannot attack again (3)^[3].
  Example

  A "Number 39: Utopia" equipped with "ZW - Asura Strike" attacks an opponent's "Ruffian Railcar", but the opponent activates the effect of Construction "Train Signal Red" from their hand, and damage calculation is performed. In this case, since the effect of Construction "Train Signal Red" makes itself the attack target, it cannot be attacked again by "Number 39: Utopia" equipped with "ZW - Asura Strike". In addition, the "Ruffian Railcar" which was attacked when the opponent activated the effect of Construction "Train Signal Red" also cannot be attacked again.

  ---

• Negate Effects
  A monster (1) that can attack all opponent's monsters once each declares its second (or more) attack during the current Battle Phase (a continuous effect is applying). If (1)'s effects become negated^[4]:
  • If its effects are negated during the Battle Step, it will no longer be possible to continue that attack, or to make additional attacks.
  • If its effects are negated during the Damage Step (by "Forbidden Droplet" for example), damage calculation will be conducted for that attack normally.

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: As long as a monster was involved in an inappropriate attack at any point (even if the attack never reached the Damage Step), it can no longer attack all [X]
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters that can attack all opponent's monsters once each cannot attack the opponent directly afterwards and vice versa
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Attack target redirection and effects that allow attacking all monsters, once each
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Multiple attacks, and the monster's effects being negated while attacking

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Examples
	Wattgiraffe This card can attack directly. If this card inflicts battle damage to your opponent by a direct attack: Your opponent cannot activate cards or effects until the end of this turn.
	Infected Mail Once per turn: You can target 1 Level 4 or lower monster you control; it can attack your opponent directly this turn. Send it to the Graveyard at the end of the Battle Phase.
	Doble Passe When an opponent's monster declares an attack on a face-up Attack Position monster you control: Make your opponent's attack a direct attack instead and inflict damage to your opponent equal to the ATK of the attack target you control. Also, that monster you control can attack your opponent directly during your next turn.

Effect interactions

• Attack all once each
  Monsters that can attack all opponent's monsters once and can attack directly^[1]:
  • After attacking your opponent directly, it is not possible to attack all monsters they control once each.
  • If you attacked an opponent's monster first, you cannot attack your opponent directly afterwards.
  Example

  If the effect of "Bujingi Ophidian" is applied to "Bujintei Susanowo", after attacking your opponent directly, it is not possible to attack all monsters they control once each. If you attacked an opponent's monster first, you cannot attack your opponent directly afterwards.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters that can attack all opponent's monsters once each cannot attack the opponent directly afterwards and vice versa

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Examples
	Invoked Cocytus "Aleister the Invoker" + 1 WATER monster Cannot be destroyed by your opponent's card effects. Your opponent cannot target this card with card effects. This card can attack while in face-up Defense Position. If it does, apply its ATK for damage calculation.
	Superheavy Samurai Big Benkei When this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can change its battle position. "Superheavy Samurai" monsters you control can attack while in face-up Defense Position. If they do, apply their DEF for damage calculation.
	Icejade Creation Kingfisher You can target 1 WATER monster you control; equip this card from your hand or field to it. An "Icejade" monster equipped with this card can attack while in Defense Position. If it does, apply its DEF for damage calculation. While this card is equipped to a monster: You can target 1 monster your opponent controls with ATK less than or equal to the equipped monster's DEF; Special Summon this card, and if you do, return that targeted monster to the hand. You can only use this effect of "Icejade Creation Kingfisher" once per turn.

Effect interactions

• Negate Effects
  A monster (1) is in face-up Defense Position and its effect that allows it to attack while in face-up Defense Position applies. If you declare an attack using this effect and an effect (2) that negates (1)'s effects is activated or applied^[1]:
  • If (1)'s effects are negated during the Battle Step by (2), (1) can no longer attack while being in face-up Defense Position. In this case, the attack stops without entering the Damage Step.
  • If (1)'s effects are negated during the Damage Step, the Damage Step ends without conducting Damage Calculation.

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Attacking in Defense Position, and negating the attacking monster's effects

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Examples
	S:P Little Knight 2 Effect Monsters If this card is Link Summoned using a Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, or Link Monster as material: You can target 1 card on the field or in either GY; banish it, also your monsters cannot attack directly this turn. When your opponent activates a card or effect (Quick Effect): You can target 2 face-up monsters on the field, including a monster you control; banish both until the End Phase. You can only use each effect of "S:P Little Knight" once per turn.
	Dimensional Fissure Any monster sent to the GY is banished instead.
	Dark World Punishment When a monster(s) would be Normal or Special Summoned: You can negate the Summon, and if you do, destroy that monster(s), then discard 1 Fiend monster. If a "Dark World" monster(s) you control would be destroyed by battle or an opponent's card effect, you can banish this card from your GY instead. You can only use each effect of "Dark World Punishment" once per turn.

Effect interactions

• Tokens
  The Token stops existing, but this event is not treated as a card being banished^[1].
  Example

  The effect of "Soul Absorption" does not activate if a "Sheep Token" you control is banished by the effect of an opponent's "Caius the Shadow Monarch": at the time the token would leave the field it stops existing, and as a result, a card is not banished.

  ---

• Negate Activated Effects
  A monster (1) activates its effect and an effect that banish cards (2) is chained to banish (1). Then an effect that negates monster's effects (3) is chained to negate (1). The Chain resolves in reverse order, the effect of (3) will be applied and (1) will be banished due to the effect of (2), and the effect of (1) will still be negated^[2].
  Example

  You chained "Interdimensional Matter Transporter" to the activation of the effect of "Judgment Dragon", and then further chained "Forbidden Chalice". In this case, the Chain resolving in reverse order causes the "Judgment Dragon" that was affected by "Forbidden Chalice" to be banished. Its effect will be negated.

  ---

• Negate Effects
  A monster (1) activates its effect and an effect that banish cards (2) is chained to banish (1). Then an effect that negates monster's effects (3) is chained to negate (1). The Chain resolves in reverse order, the effect of (3) will be applied and (1) will be banished due to the effect of (2), and the effect of (1) will still be negated^[2].
  Example

  You chained "Interdimensional Matter Transporter" to the activation of the effect of "Judgment Dragon", and then further chained "Forbidden Chalice". In this case, the Chain resolving in reverse order causes the "Judgment Dragon" that was affected by "Forbidden Chalice" to be banished. Its effect will be negated.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Soul Absorption" and Tokens
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Effects negation, and what removes/doesn't remove it

---

Examples
	Dimension Shifter If you have no cards in your GY (Quick Effect): You can send this card from your hand to the GY; until the end of the next turn, any card sent to the GY is banished instead.
	Dimensional Fissure Any monster sent to the GY is banished instead.
	Macro Cosmos When this card is activated: You can Special Summon 1 "Helios - The Primordial Sun" from your hand or Deck. While this card is face-up on the field, any card sent to the GY is banished instead.

• Monsters can still be Tributed. In that case, the Tributed monsters are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead^[1].
• A card that performs a Fusion Summon can be activated and Fusion Summon. In that case, the monsters used as Materials are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead^[2].
• You can still Synchro Summon. In that case, the monsters used as Materials are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead^[3].
• It is possible to Link Summon even if the monsters that would be sent to the Graveyard would be banished. In that case, the monsters used as materials are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead^[4].

Effect interactions

• If [X] would be destroyed, you can do [A] instead: Destruction Substitution
  The effect of "Banisher of the Light", "Macro Cosmos", "Banisher of the Radiance", or "Dimensional Fissure" (1) is applying. A card's effect (2), that prevents a card (3) from being destroyed by sending a card (4) to the graveyard instead, can be applied when (3) would be destroyed even when (1) would banish (4). In this case, (3) will not be destroyed and (4) will be banished by the effect of (1)^[5].
  Example

  "Macro Cosmos" is face-up in your opponent's Spell & Trap Zone. In this situation, if a "Cherubini, Ebon Angel of the Burning Abyss" in your Extra Monster Zone would be destroyed by battle, or by an opponent's card effect, you can apply its "you can send 1 other card you control to the Graveyard instead" effect. If you do, the card you choose to be sent to the Graveyard will not end up in the Graveyard, but will be banished by "Macro Cosmos"' effect instead. However, "Cherubini, Ebon Angel of the Burning Abyss" will not be destroyed, and will remain in the Monster Zone (However, note that you need to choose the replacement card from among the cards that are not about to be destroyed. This is the case regardless of whether or not the effect of "Macro Cosmos" is applying).

  ---

• Place a card on the field in your Spell/Trap/Pendulum Zone instead of destroying it
  The effect of "Banisher of the Light", "Macro Cosmos", "Banisher of the Radiance", or "Dimensional Fissure" (1) is applying. A card's effect (2), that places a card (3) in the Spell & Trap Zone when (3) is destroyed instead of sending it to the Graveyard, can be applied when (3) would be destroyed even when (1) would banish (3). In this case, (3) will be placed in the Spell & Trap Zone. Furthermore, if you choose not to apply (2)'s effect to place (3) there, (3) will be banished by the effect of (1)^[6].
  Example

  The effect of "Banisher of the Light", "Macro Cosmos", "Banisher of the Radiance", or "Dimensional Fissure" is applying. If a card such as "Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle" is now destroyed, it can be placed in the Spell & Trap Zone when it is destroyed. Furthermore, if you choose not to apply "Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle"'s effect to place it there, "Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle" will be banished by the effect of "Banisher of the Light" etc.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 79
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 88
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 91
4. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 101
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Macro Cosmos "Cherubini, Ebon Angel of the Burning Abyss"
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Banisher of the Light", "Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle"

---

• When paying costs that say "discard to the Graveyard", if "Macro Cosmos" or something similar is being applied, so that cards that would be sent to the Graveyard are banished, the activation of cards that discard to the Graveyard as a cost cannot be performed. Costs that simply say "discard" can be paid. In that case, the cards are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished as a result.
  Example

  While the effect of "Macro Cosmos" is being applied, the effect of "Hecatrice" that says "You can discard this card to the Graveyard to add 1 "Valhalla, Hall of the Fallen" from your Deck to your hand." cannot be activated, but the effect of "Ghost Reaper & Winter Cherries" that says "During either player's turn, if your opponent controls more monsters than you do: You can discard this card;" can be activated.

  ---

• For costs that read "send to the Graveyard;", those monsters must be sent to the Graveyard in order to activate the effect. If "Macro Cosmos" or similar is being applied, so that the cards that would be sent to the Graveyard are banished instead and so that it is not possible to send cards to the Graveyard, activations that send cards to the Graveyard as a cost cannot be performed.
• For costs that tribute, if "Macro Cosmos" or something similar is being applied, so that monsters that would be sent to the Graveyard are banished, you can still Tribute monsters. In that case, the Tributed monsters are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 131-133

---

When the effect "any Monster sent to the GY is banished instead" is applying you:

• Cannot activate a card or effect that requires you to send a Monster to the Graveyard as a cost^[1].
• Cannot activate a card or effect that send cards from the top of your Deck to the Graveyard as cost as there may be monster cards among them^[1].
• Can activate a card or effect that requires you to send a Monster Card not treated as a Monster (for example treated as an Equip Spell Card) to the Graveyard as a cost^[2].

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Dimensional Fissure" and activation legality
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Dimensional Fissure", "Guardian Eatos"

---

If an effect that says "Any monster sent to the Graveyard is banished instead." is being applied when a Pendulum Monster placed in the Pendulum Zone is destroyed, since it exists on the field as a Spell Card, it is not banished and it is added to the Extra Deck

If an effect like "Macro Cosmos" is being applied, so that (all kinds of) cards that would be sent to the Graveyard are banished, the effect text takes precedence and Pendulum Monsters are not added to the Extra Deck and are banished instead.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 76

---

Examples
	Farfa, Malebranche of the Burning Abyss If you control a monster that is not a "Burning Abyss" monster, destroy this card. You can only use 1 of these effects of "Farfa, Malebranche of the Burning Abyss" per turn, and only once that turn. ● If you control no Spells/Traps: You can Special Summon this card from your hand. ● If this card is sent to the GY: You can target 1 monster on the field; banish it until the End Phase.
	World Legacy Clash Banish 1 face-up monster you control (until the End Phase), then target 1 face-up monster your opponent controls; that target loses ATK/DEF equal to the original ATK/DEF of that banished monster.
	Interdimensional Matter Transporter Target 1 face-up monster you control; banish that target until the End Phase.

• If a monster banished by an effect for a time determined by those cards returns to the field, this is not treated as a Special Summon. As a result, Special Summon Monsters that have not been properly Special Summoned can also be returned^[1].
• In most cases, cards that are banished temporarily do not start a chain when they are returned to the field^[1].
• When cards that have been banished temporarily are returned to the field, they are returned in the battle position they were in before being banished^[1].
• When cards that have been banished temporarily are returned to the field, if their controller had changed, they are returned to the side of the field of the controller they had before being banished^[1].
• If cards are banished face-down, they are returned face-down^[1].
• If a monster that has been temporarily banished from the Extra Monster Zone is returned to the field, it is returned to a Main Monster Zone of its previous controller in the battle position they were in before being banished. At that time, there are no available Main Monster Zones, that monster is not returned to the field and it is sent to the Graveyard^[1].
• When a monster that has been banished temporarily would be returned to the field, if there are no available Main Monster Zones, that monster is not returned to the field and it is sent to the Graveyard^[1].
• If a card that has been banished temporarily is Special Summoned or sent to the Graveyard by the effect of other cards, it is not returned to the field at the timing it would be returned to the field^[1].
  Example

  After a monster banished by the effect of "Interdimensional Matter Transporter" that says "banish that target until the End Phase." is Special Summoned by the effect of "D.D.R. - Different Dimension Reincarnation" that says "Special Summon it in face-up Attack Position, and equip it with this card", if it is banished once again, that monster is not returned to the field during the End Phase.

  ---

• If a card that is banished temporarily is returned to the field, in most cases it is not affected by the effects that were affecting it before it was banished^[1].
  • If a card that is banished temporarily is returned to the field, it is treated as another card with the same name^[2].
    Example

    You have resolved "Mistaken Accusation" by targeting a face-up "Card Trooper" in the Monster Zone. If that targeted "Card Trooper" is banished by the effect of "Farfa, Malebranche of the Burning Abyss", it is no longer treated as that targeted "Card Trooper". Instead, it is now treated as another card with the same name. Therefore, even if it later returns to the field, neither of its effects can be activated.

    ---

• The controller of the monster that was temporarily banished chooses the zone it will be placed in, regardless of which player activated the effect to banish^[3].
  Example

  You have resolved "S:P Little Knight"'s "banish both [targeted monsters] until the End Phase" effect, banishing your opponent's monster. During the End Phase, that banished monster returns to my opponent's Monster Zone and your opponent may choose which zone their monster will return to.

  ---

• Monsters not properly Special Summoned that are banished temporarily, will return to the field as returning is not considered as being Special Summoned^[4].

Effect interactions

• Text that specifies "once per turn": Activate vs Use
  
  • If "the effect(s) of this card can only be activated once per turn" or simply "once per turn:" is written (different from "the effect of [card name] can only be activated/used once per turn"), if that card is flipped face-down or leaves the field and it later appears on the field face-up once again, the same effect of cards with the same name can be activated^[5].
• If "the effect of [card name] can only be used once per turn" is written with a particular card name, if that card leaves the field and returns to the field in the same turn, that card or cards with the same name cannot activate that effect in that turn. The same applies if "can only be used once per Duel" is written^[5].
• Gemini
  A Gemini Monster that has been normal summoned again and gained its effects, if banished temporarily and subsequently returned to the field, it is treated as a Normal Monster again and its gained effect is no longer applied^[6].
  Example

  "Elemental HERO Neos Alius" is then Normal Summoned again so that its effect that treats its name as "Elemental HERO Neos" is applying. Afterward, "Elemental HERO Neos Alius" is banished by the effect of "Interdimensional Matter Transporter", and then returned to the field during the End Phase. In this scenario, it is treated as a Normal Monster again and its effect that treats its name as "Elemental HERO Neos" is no longer applied. Even in this case, "Elemental HERO Neos Alius" is still treated as a Normal Summoned monster, and so it can be equipped with cards like "Bashing Shield".

  ---

• Tokens
  The Token disappears and won't reapper again even when the effect of temporarily banishing stops applying^[4].
  Example

  You have resolved "S:P Little Knight"'s "banish both [targeted monsters] until the End Phase" effect, banishing both itself and a Token. The targeted Token disappears, and "S:P Little Knight" is banished until the End Phase. At that point, "S:P Little Knight" returns to the Monster Zone as usual.

  ---

• Traps Treated as Monsters (not treated as Traps)
  A Trap Treated as a Monster (not treated as a Trap) is being banished until the End Phase by a card effect. Once the Trap returns to the field to the Monster Zone during the End Phase, it will no longer be treated as a monster, and will immediately be sent to the Graveyard^[4].
  Example

  You have resolved "S:P Little Knight"'s "banish both [targeted monsters] until the End Phase" effect, banishing both itself and "Traptrix Holeutea". Both cards are banished, and both return to the Monster Zone during the End Phase. At that point, "Traptrix Holeutea" is immediately sent to the Graveyard.

  ---

• Traps Treated as Monsters (still treated as Traps)
  A Trap Treated as a Monster (strill treated as a Trap) is being banished until the End Phase by a card effect. Once the Trap returns to the field to the Monster Zone during the End Phase, it will no longer be treated as a monster, and will immediately be sent to the Graveyard^[7].

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 150
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment & treating as a different copy
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "S:P Little Knight"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "S:P Little Knight" more interactions
5. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 176-177
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment and Normal-Summoned-Again status
7. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment & Trap Monsters

---

Information regarding	Retains if flipped face-down	Retains if banished temporarily
Properties of the cards used to perform that monster's Summon Names, Attributes, Types, Levels of the cards and the number of cards used	❌	❌[17]
Which specific copies of cards used to perform that monster's Summon Ritual, Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, Link Materials	✔️	✔️[2][16]
Which specific method or effect performed that monster's Summon Monsters being Summoned by their own specific method	❌	✔️[22] Adjusting
Where that monster was Summoned from	❌[15][20]	✔️[19]
Lingering effects previously applied to that monster	❌[3]	❌
If that monster's "once per turn" has been used this turn (if retains it can't use the "once per turn" again) EXCEPTION: effects that flip the monster itself face-down will be remembered	❌[4][9]	❌[4]
If that monster's Battle Position has been changed this turn (if retains it can't change Battle Position again)	✔️[3]	❌
If that monster has declared an attack this turn (if retains it can't attack again)	✔️[3][11]	❌
If that monster was Set, Normal, Tribute, or Special Summoned, including the type of Special Summon (Ritual, Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, Link) Exceptions below	✔️[5][6][7][21]	✔️[7][10][12][17]
If a Gemini monster was Normal Summoned again	❌	❌[8]
If that monster was Pendulum Summoned	❌[14]	✔️[13]
If that monster was Flip Summoned	❌	❌
The turn that monster was Set, Normal, Tribute, or Special Summoned	❌	❌[18]

References:

1. Pazim's Resources (unofficial resource)
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 88, 91, 101
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 168-169
4. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 177
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Being flipped face-down and being treated as a Ritual Summoned monster
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters are still considered to have been Special Summoned after being flipped face-down
7. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment or being flipped face-down and being treated as a Fusion Summoned monster
8. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment and Normal-Summoned-Again status
9. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Once per turn:" restrictions are reset when the monster is flipped face-down
10. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment and being treated as a Ritual Summoned monster
11. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: If a monster is flipped face-down after attacking, then face-up again, it still cannot attack again
12. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment and being treated as a Synchro Summoned monster
13. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment and being treated as a Pendulum Summoned monster
14. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment and being treated as a Pendulum Summoned monster
15. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Being flipped face-down and being considered to have been Summoned from a particular location
16. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Fusion Materials "remember" being used when the Fusion Monster is banished temporarily
17. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment and being treated as a Link Summoned monster
18. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Sky Striker Ace - Shizuku", "S:P Little Knight"
19. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Special Summoned from a particular location + temporarily banished
20. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Special Summoned from a particular location + flipped face-down
21. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "March of the Monarchs", "Book of Eclipse"
22. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "The Tripper Mercury", "Farfa, Malebranche of the Burning Abyss"

---

Examples
	Honest During your Main Phase: You can return this face-up card from the field to the hand. During the Damage Step, when a LIGHT monster you control battles (Quick Effect): You can send this card from your hand to the GY; that monster gains ATK equal to the ATK of the opponent's monster it is battling, until the end of this turn.
	Mikanko Dance - Mayowashidori The equipped monster cannot be destroyed by card effects. You can only use each of the following effects of "Mikanko Dance - Mayowashidori" once per turn. At the end of the Damage Step, if your "Mikanko" monster battled: You can target 1 card on the field; return it to the hand. If this card is in your GY: You can target 1 "Mikanko" monster in your GY; Special Summon it, and if you do, equip it with this card, but banish it when it leaves the field.
	Transmission Gear During damage calculation, if your monster battles an opponent's monster: Play rock-paper-scissors with your opponent. Make the losing player banish the battling monster they control, face-down.

• A monster "battles" (and is "battling") starting from when it attacks or is attacked. This includes both monsters attacking other monsters, and monsters attacking a player's Life Points directly^[1].
• When a card requires a monster to have "battled" (past tense), the attack had to have reached the damage calculation portion of the Damage Step in order for the monster to have "battled". If the attack stops before damage calculation, the monster did not "battle" (note that an attack was still declared, however, so in most cases the attacking monster cannot declare another attack)^[1].
• A monster destroyed by battle is still considered to have battled^[2].
  Example

  "Magnetic Field" is face-up in your Field Zone, and a face-up Attack Position "Blue-Eyes Ultimate Dragon" is on your opponent's field. In this situation, if your "Berserkion the Electromagna Warrior" attacks your opponent's "Blue-Eyes Ultimate Dragon", since your "Berserkion the Electromagna Warrior" battled your opponent's "Blue-Eyes Ultimate Dragon" that was not destroyed by battle, you can activate the effect of "Magnetic Field" at the end of the Damage Step.

  ---

References:

1. Official rulebook page 52
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Magnetic Field"

---

A card whose effect reads "at the end of the Damage Step" can be activated even if damage calculation has not been conducted and Before Damage Calculation has been reached^[1][3].

Example

Your "Neo Blue-Eyes Ultimate Dragon" attacks your opponent's "Ally of Justice Catastor". At the Start of the Damage Step, the "destroy that monster" effect of "Ally of Justice Catastor" is activated, however you activate "Divine Wrath" in response, negating the activation and destroying "Ally of Justice Catastor", and therefore damage calculation is not conducted. However, "Neo Blue-Eyes Ultimate Dragon" is still attacking, and you can still activate its effect at the End of the Damage Step.

---

Also if an attack progresses until the Damage Step, that attacking monster is treated as "having attacked"^[2].

Example

An attack was declared with "Dante, Traveler of the Burning Abyss" on an opponent's monster and the attack progressed until the Damage Step. Afterwards, even if the opponent's monster disappears and damage calculation is not performed, the effect that says "If this card attacks, it is changed to Defense Position at the end of the Battle Phase" is applied at the end of the Battle Phase.

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: End of the Damage Step still occurs even if damage calculation was never conducted
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 188
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Battling monsters leaving the field, and Damage Step events occurring

---

Examples
	Gravekeeper's Chief You can only control 1 face-up "Gravekeeper's Chief". Your GY is unaffected by "Necrovalley". When this card is Tribute Summoned: You can target 1 "Gravekeeper's" monster in your GY; Special Summon that target.
	Field Barrier Field Spells on the field cannot be destroyed. Neither player can activate a new Field Spell Card. You can only control 1 "Field Barrier".
	Imperial Custom Face-up Continuous Traps cannot be destroyed by battle or card effect, except "Imperial Custom". You can only control 1 "Imperial Custom".

• Monsters which violate this kind of effects are sent to the Graveyard and are not considered as destroyed by card effects.
  Example

  "Gravekeeper's Chief" is face-up on your side of the field, if a second "Gravekeeper's Chief" you control is flipped face-up and thus destroyed, it is not treated as destroyed by a card effect.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "You can only control 1" effects not destroying by card effect

---

Examples
	Ocean Dragon Lord - Kairyu-Shin While "Umi" is on the field, each player can only control 1 face-up non-WATER monster. (If a player controls 2 or more, they must send some to the GY so they only control 1.) During your Main Phase: You can add from your Deck to your hand 1 "Umi", 1 "Kairyu-Shin" Spell/Trap, or 1 "Sea Stealth" Spell/Trap. You can only use this effect of "Ocean Dragon Lord - Kairyu-Shin" once per turn.
	Rivalry of Warlords Each player can only control 1 Type of monster. Send all other face-up monsters they control to the GY.
	There Can Be Only One Each player can only control 1 monster of each Type. If a player controls 2 or more monsters of the same Type, they must send some to the GY so they control no more than 1 monster of that Type.

• Taking as examples "Rivalry of Warlords" and "Gozen Match", these are Continuous Trap Cards that make it so you can only control face-up monsters of 1 Type (for Rivalry) or 1 Attribute (for Gozen)^[1].
• When this Trap Card's activation resolves, look at the face-up monsters you control. If they all have the same Type/Attribute, you don't have to do anything else. If there are different Types/Attributes, you choose 1 Type/Attribute to keep, and send your face-up monsters that aren't that Type/Attribute to the Graveyard^[1].

Effect interactions

• Flip
  If a monster was flipped face-up during the Damage Step and "Rivalry of Warlords"/"Gozen Match" is still active, if that monster has a Attribute/Type that conflicts with another monster already face-up on the field, the flipped monster will immediately be sent to the Graveyard at this point (After damage calculation), and Flip Effects will not activate^[2].
• Change/Take/Give/Switch Control
  You can take control of an opponent's monster that's the wrong Type/Attribute with a card like "Mind Control". If you do, it's sent to the Graveyard immediately after you gain control of it^[1].
• Immediately after this effect resolves, [method] Summon [X]
  "There Can Be Only One" (1) is set on your opponent's field^[3].
  • You can activate an effect (2) as Chain Link 1 that summons back monsters (3) from a location (like the Graveyard) to the field and immediately after at resolution performs a Special Summon of a monster (4)
  • Your opponent chains as Chain Link 2 (1). The chain resolves backwards, and you have to summon monsters that don't violate (1), which means they have a different Type from the monsters you control. If you do not have any, (2) resolves without summoning anything.
  • When (3) are summoned back to the field, if two or more monsters in (3) have the same Type, due to (1) you have to keep monsters till you only control one of the same Type. If doing so the number of monsters summoned (3) changes and you cannot summon (4) anymore, then (2) resolves without performing the Special Summon.
  Example

  The only monster in your Monster Zone is "Bujinki Ahashima". If you activate its effect that Special Summons 2 monsters with the same Level and performs an Xyz Summon, if your opponent chains "There Can Be Only One", since "Bujinki Ahashima" is a Beast-Warrior monster, you cannot Special Summon any Beast-Warrior monsters from your hand or Graveyard with its effect. If you do not have any non-Beast-Warrior monsters in your hand or Graveyard to Special Summon, you cannot Special Summon any monsters. If, for example, you Special Summon a Winged Beast-Type "Bujingi Crane" from your hand and a Beast-Type "Bujingi Turtle" from your Graveyard, you can then perform an Xyz Summon using those 2 monsters. However, if you choose 1 "Bujingi Crane" from your hand and 1 "Bujingi Crane" from your Graveyard, both are Special Summoned successfully, but the effect of "There Can Be Only One" will be applied, you must send 1 of the "Bujingi Crane"s to the Graveyard, and the Xyz Summon cannot be performed.

  ---

References:

1. Official KONAMI's FAQ of "Rivalry of Warlords" and "Gozen Match"
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Rivalry of Warlords" and face-down monsters
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Floodgates & summon-immediately-after

---

While Rivalry/Gozen is active and you have a face-up monster, you cannot Summon monsters that are a different Type/Attribute from the monster(s) you already control.

So you can't do any of the following to put a monster with the wrong Type/Attribute on your side of the field:

• Normal Summon
• Tribute Summon
• Flip Summon
• Xyz Summon
• Synchro Summon
• Fusion Summon
• Special Summon with a monster's own effect.
• Activate a card or effect that would have to Special Summon a monster of the wrong Type/Attribute (including effects that could theoretically Summon anything, but currently cannot, such as "Monster Reborn" when you control Spellcasters but the only monsters in the Graveyard are Zombies).

While Rivalry/Gozen is active, you can still Set monsters of any Type/Attribute, and you can Special Summon monsters of the wrong Type/Attribute face-down. But you can't Flip Summon them afterwards, and they're sent to the Graveyard after damage calculation if your opponent attacks them. (Also, in that case, you won't get the effects of cards that need to be destroyed by battle and sent to the Graveyard, because they're sent to the Graveyard by the Trap Card's effect instead. But Flip Effects will still activate).

References:

1. Official KONAMI's FAQ of "Rivalry of Warlords" and "Gozen Match"

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• You can activate cards and effects that would Summon the same Type/Attribute monster as you have on the field.
• You can also activate cards that would Summon more than one Type/Attribute of monster. The results depend on what you have on the field:
  • If you DON'T control any monsters: You can activate cards that would Summon monsters with more than one Type/Attribute. All of them are Summoned, but you must immediately pick one Type/Attribute and send all others to the Graveyard.
  • If you already DO control a monster: First of all, if the Summoning effect targets, you can only target monsters with the right Type/Attribute. If the Summoning effect does NOT target, you can activate it as long as it is possible to resolve the effect using only monsters with the right Type/Attribute. In this case, only the right monsters are Summoned to the field.

The same rule applies to the "Gladiator Beast" monsters and similar effects. You can return a Gladiator Beast to your Deck and activate its effect as long as there is another Gladiator Beast in your Deck that you COULD Summon that is the same Type/Attribute as the one you returned. However, if you have no face-up monsters when the effect resolves, you can Summon any Type/Attribute of monster.

References:

1. Official KONAMI's FAQ of "Rivalry of Warlords" and "Gozen Match"

---

Examples
	Fossil Dyna Pachycephalo If this card is flipped face-up: Destroy all Special Summoned monsters on the field. Neither player can Special Summon monsters.
	Mystic Mine If your opponent controls more monsters than you do, your opponent cannot activate monster effects or declare an attack. If you control more monsters than your opponent does, you cannot activate monster effects or declare an attack. Once per turn, during the End Phase, if both players control the same number of monsters: Destroy this card.
	Imperial Iron Wall Neither player can banish cards.

• If a part of an effect asks to perform an action, and the effect of another card says that same action cannot be performed, in most cases the effect that says "cannot" takes precedence^[1].
  Example

  If the two effects "any card sent to the GY is banished instead" and "neither player can banish cards" are applying both simultaneously, cards sent to the Graveyard will not be banished and are sent to the Graveyard normally^[2].

  ---

Effect interactions

• Activate [X] from [location]: Activate a Card through another Card's effect
  If a continuous effect that says "[X] cannot be activated" is applying, you still cannot activate [X] through another card's effect^[3].
  Example

  The effect of "Metaverse" either adds a Field Spell Card from your Deck to your hand, or activates one from your Deck. While the effect of "Anti-Spell Fragrance" is applying, you can still activate "Metaverse", but the effect of "Anti-Spell Fragrance" prevents you from activating Spell Cards that were not Set first. Therefore, the Field Spell Card must be added to your hand.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 144
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "you cannot banish" beats "you must banish"
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Anti-Spell Fragrance", "Metaverse"

---

Examples
	Gishki Vanity During your Main Phase: You can discard this card; this turn, your opponent cannot activate Spells, Traps, Spell/Trap effects, or Monster Card effects when a "Gishki" monster is Ritual Summoned, or when a "Gishki" Ritual Spell Card is activated.
	Branded Lost The activation of your cards and effects that include an effect that Fusion Summons a Fusion Monster cannot be negated, also your opponent cannot activate cards or effects when a monster is Fusion Summoned this way. If you Fusion Summon a Fusion Monster: You can add 1 "Fallen of Albaz", or 1 monster that mentions it, from your Deck to your hand. You can only use this effect of "Branded Lost" once per turn.
	Dust Storm of Gusto Your opponent cannot activate cards or effects when "Gusto" monsters you control declare their attacks this turn.

• These are cards that make so a player is unable to respond to when specific events happen^[1].
• If an effect of this kind is applying that makes so only the opponent cannot respond to a specific event (1), but you chain another card (2) when (1) happens, the opponent is now able to respond to (1)^[2][3].
  Example

  You control "Magical Meltdown" or "Branded Lost", and the respective "your opponent cannot activate cards or effects when a monster is Fusion Summoned" effect is applying. During your turn, your opponent activates "Tri-Brigade Revolt" as Chain Link 1, and you activate the effect of "Shaddoll Schism" as Chain Link 2 in response. When this Chain resolves, you first Fusion Summon "El Shaddoll Construct", and then your opponent Link Summons "Tri-Brigade Shuraig the Ominous Omen". In this situation, your opponent can then activate the effect of "Tri-Brigade Shuraig the Ominous Omen" after you activate the effect of your "El Shaddoll Construct". The activation of Chain Link 1 resolves strictly after you have Fusion Summoned "El Shaddoll Construct". Therefore, after the Chain finishes resolving, it is not "when a monster is Fusion Summoned this way".

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Being unable to respond to when specific events happen
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Being unable to respond to specific activations
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: 'When' actually means 'when'

---

Examples
	Dark Resonator The first time this card would be destroyed by battle each turn, it is not destroyed.
	Bubble Barrier Each "Performapal" and "Performage" monster you control cannot be destroyed by battle or card effect once per turn. You take no battle damage from attacks involving "Performapal" and "Performage" monsters you control.
	Phantom Knights' Wing Target 1 face-up monster on the field; it gains 500 ATK, also the first time that target would be destroyed by battle or card effect this turn, it is not destroyed. You can banish this card from your GY, then target 1 "The Phantom Knights" monster in your GY; Special Summon it, but banish it when it leaves the field. You can only use this effect of "Phantom Knights' Wing" once per turn.

• Multiple "cannot be destroyed once per turn" effects all apply to the first destruction^[1].
  Example

  If you have 2 copies of "Bubble Barrier" on my side of the field, since each of their effects are applied at the same time when a "Performage" or "Performapal" monster would be destroyed, each one will still only not be destroyed once each turn. (The effect is the same as if you were only controlling 1 "Bubble Barrier").

  ---

• "Cannot be destroyed once per turn" effects are not consumed if the card cannot be destroyed in the first place^[2].
  Example

  "Bubble Barrier" is face-up on my side of the field, as well as a "Performapal Silver Claw" with "Half Unbreak" applied to it. In this situation, "Performapal Silver Claw" is already cannot be destroyed by battle due to the effect of "Half Unbreak". Therefore, if "Performapal Silver Claw" battles a monster with higher ATK, it is not destroyed due to the effect of "Half Unbreak", and the effect of "Bubble Barrier" is not applied.

  ---

Effect interactions

• If [X] would be destroyed, you can do [A] instead: Destruction Substitution
  Optional substitution effects (1) cannot be applied to protect another card (2) if the substituting card itself (3) would also be destroyed at the point in time the substitution effect (1) applies. In which case both (2) and (3) will be destroyed. This is true even if an effect that would prevent (3) from being destroyed once/next/first time per turn is applying: the substitution effect cannot be applied^[3].
  Example

  You control "Hugin the Runick Wings" and a Field Spell. "Runick Slumber"'s effect has been applied to "Hugin the Runick Wings", and as a result,"the next time [it] would be destroyed by battle or card effect this turn, it is not destroyed." In this situation, "Black Rose Dragon"'s "destroy all cards on the field" effect now resolves. You cannot apply "Hugin the Runick Wings"'s "if another card(s) you control would be destroyed by card effect, you can banish this card you control instead" effect.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Multiple "cannot be destroyed once per turn" effects all apply to the first destruction
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Cannot be destroyed once per turn" effects are not consumed if the card cannot be destroyed in the first place
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Hugin the Runick Wings", "Runick Slumber"

---

Examples
	Bacha the Melodious Maestra 2 "Melodious" monsters While you control this Fusion Summoned card, the activated effects of your "Melodious" Fusion Monsters cannot be negated. You can only use each of the following effects of "Bacha the Melodious Maestra" once per turn. If this card is Special Summoned: You can Special Summon 1 "Melodious" monster from your Deck. If this card is sent to the GY: You can target 1 "Melodious" monster in your GY, except "Bacha the Melodious Maestra"; Special Summon it in Defense Position.
	Constellar Belt The activation of LIGHT monsters' effects cannot be negated.
	Altergeist Protocol The activation and effects of "Altergeist" cards activated on your field cannot be negated. When your opponent activates a monster effect: You can send 1 other face-up "Altergeist" card you control to the GY; negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it. You can only use this effect of "Altergeist Protocol" once per turn.

• If a monster (1) activates its effect while an effect that prevents its activation to be negated is applying (2), a card that negates the activation of effects can still be activated in chain. In that case, since (2) prevents the activation of (1)'s effects from being negated, the activation is not negated^[1].
  Example

  If a LIGHT monster activates its effect while "Constellar Belt" is active, "Divine Wrath" can still be activated in chain. In that case, since "Constellar Belt" prevents the activation of LIGHT monsters' effects from being negated, the activation is not negated, and the monster is not destroyed either.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: You can attempt to negate the activation of something that cannot have its activation negated (that attempt will not succeed)

---

Examples
	Mozarta the Melodious Maestra Once per turn: You can Special Summon 1 LIGHT Fairy-Type monster from your hand. You cannot Special Summon other monsters the turn you activate this effect, except for LIGHT monsters.
	Power Filter Neither player can Special Summon monsters with 1000 or less ATK.
	Dimensional Barrier Declare 1 monster card type (Ritual, Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, or Pendulum); for the rest of this turn, neither player can Special Summon monsters of the declared type, also negate the effects of all monsters of that type while they are on the field. You can only activate 1 "Dimensional Barrier" per turn.

• The restriction of "you cannot Normal or Special Summon the turn you activate this card" only refers to monsters that were successfully Summoned (summon not negated). Same for "you can only Special Summon [X] once per turn" restrictions^[1].
  Example

  When you attempt to Special Summon "Blue-Eyes Alternative White Dragon" from my hand by its own procedure, your opponent activates "Solemn Judgment" and negates the Special Summon. During the turn you Normal or Special Summoned any monsters other than "Blue-Eyes White Dragon", you cannot activate "Rage with Eyes of Blue". However, in this scenario, if the Special Summon of "Blue-Eyes Alternative White Dragon" was negated by "Solemn Judgment", it was not successfully Special Summoned, so you can activate "Rage with Eyes of Blue" that turn^[2].

  ---

Effect interactions

• Gemini
  Summoning a Gemini monster from the Graveyard is treated as summoning a normal monster, even if it will gain its effects on the moment its summon is successful: if an effect is applying that prevents Effect monsters to be summoned, you can still Special Summon a Gemini monster from the Graveyard^[3].
  Example

  Even if the effect of "Heat Wave" is applying, you can activate the effect of "Blazewing Butterfly" to Special Summon a Gemini monster from your Graveyard. The targeted monster will be Special Summoned and treated as an Effect Monster as usual.

  ---

• Properties Changing
  
  • A card (1) with the restriction of "you cannot Normal or Special Summon except X monsters the turn you activate this card" is applying. Normally, if you Summon a monster (2) which violates the restriction of (1), then (1) cannot be activated. Similarly, if you activate (1) first (2) cannot be Summoned. But if^[4]:
    • A card (3) has an effect that applies to (2) such that when (2) is Summoned it does not violate the restriction of (1), then (1) can be activated after (2) has been Summoned.
    • A card (3) has an effect that applies to (2) such that when (2) is Summoned it does not violate the restriction of (1), but you have already activated (1) before (2) is Summoned, then (2) cannot be Summoned anymore.
    Example

    "A DNA Transplant" that was activated by declaring the LIGHT Attribute is face-up on the field. In this situation, I activate "Monster Reborn" and Special Summon "Darklord Superbia" from my Graveyard, then activate its effect and Special Summon "Mozarta the Melodious Maestra" from the Graveyard:

    • Even if you Special Summoned a "Darklord Superbia" (whose original Attribute is DARK) this turn, if you did so while the effect of "A DNA Transplant" was applying declaring LIGHT, you can activate the effect of "Mozarta the Melodious Maestra".
    • However, if you first activated the effect of "Mozarta the Melodious Maestra", you cannot Special Summon monsters whose original Attributes are anything other than LIGHT, even if the effect of "A DNA Transplant" is applying.

    ---

• An effect (1) is applying so that monsters with a certain specific property X cannot be summoned, but monsters with another specific property Y can be summoned. A monster (2)'s has X property, so (2) can't be summoned due to (1). If (2) has an effect that says "summon this card as a monster with Y property", then (2) can be summoned through that effect^[5].
  Example

  Your opponent controls "Evilswarm Ophion", which has materials attached and is applying its effect "Level 5 or higher monsters cannot be Special Summoned". "Cockadoodledoo" has effects that say "you can Special Summon this card (from your hand) as a Level 3 monster" or "you can Special Summon this card (from your hand) as a Level 4 monster", so you can Special Summon "Cockadoodledoo" using either of its effects.

  ---

References:

1. Official KONAMI's 2021 rules update
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Solemn Judgment", "Rage with Eyes of Blue"
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Blazewing Butterfly", "Heat Wave"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Property changing and being treated as having Special Summoned monsters with a given property
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters being summoned "as a monster with Y property", and restrictions on summoning monsters with/without a specific property X

---

Examples
	Botanical Lion This card gains 300 ATK for each Plant-Type monster you control. Control of this face-up card on the field cannot switch.
	Taotie, Shadow of the Yang Zing When this card you control is destroyed by battle or card effect and sent to your Graveyard: You can Special Summon 1 "Yang Zing" monster from your Deck in Defense Position, except "Taotie, Shadow of the Yang Zing". You can only use this effect of "Taotie, Shadow of the Yang Zing" once per turn. Once per turn, during your opponent's Main Phase or Battle Phase, you can: Immediately after this effect resolves, Synchro Summon 1 Synchro Monster, using only "Yang Zing" monsters you control (this is a Quick Effect). Possession of a Synchro Monster on the field that used this card as a Synchro Material cannot switch.
	Lyrilusc - Beryl Canary If this card is in your hand: You can target 1 "Lyrilusc" monster in your GY; Special Summon both this card and that monster, also you cannot Special Summon monsters from the Extra Deck for the rest of this turn, except Xyz Monsters. You can only use this effect of "Lyrilusc - Beryl Canary" once per turn. A WIND Xyz Monster that was Summoned using this card on the field as material gains this effect. ● This card gains 200 ATK, also its control cannot switch.

• This effect is a Continuous Effect, which applies in the Monster Zone, regardless it says "control cannot switch" or "possession cannot switch"^[1].

Effect interactions

• Attach
  Your opponent controls a monster (1) whose control/possession cannot switch. You cannot attach (1) to a monster you control (2) as material as it is considered changing control of that opponent's monster, therefore a card or effect that involves such action cannot be activated^[2].
  Example

  Your opponent controls an "Armed Dragon Thunder LV10" , and its "● 10+" effect that prevents control of it from switching is being applied. In this scenario, you cannot activate the effect of your "Cyber Dragon Infinity" that attaches the target to it as material by targeting that "Armed Dragon Thunder LV10".

  ---

• Change/Take/Give/Switch Control
  If the only monsters your opponent controls are monsters whose control/possession cannot switch, you cannot activate an effect that would take control of an opponent's monster^[3].
  Example

  When your "Goyo King" destroys an opponent's monster by battle, if the only monster your opponent controls is that "Botanical Lion" hose effect is applying (control of it cannot switch), you cannot activate the effect of "Goyo King" that takes control of your opponent's monster.

  ---

• Equipping Monsters
  Your opponent controls a monster (1) whose control/possession cannot switch. You cannot equip (1) to a monster you control (2) as an equip card as it is considered changing control of that opponent's monster^[4].
  Example

  Your opponent controls an "Armed Dragon Thunder LV10" , and its "● 10+" effect that prevents control of it from switching is being applied. In this scenario, you cannot activate the effect of your "Relinquished" that that equips the target to it by targeting that "Armed Dragon Thunder LV10".

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Blue-Eyes of the Heart"
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Armed Dragon Thunder LV10", "Cyber Dragon Infinity"
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation legality for attempting to take control
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Armed Dragon Thunder LV10", "Relinquished"

---

Examples
	D.D. Esper Star Sparrow There can only be 1 "D.D. Esper Star Sparrow" on the field. Your opponent cannot target other monsters you control with effects or for attacks. When an opponent's monster declares a direct attack while this card is in your Graveyard: You can Special Summon this card from your Graveyard in face-up Defense Position. If Summoned this way, banish it when it leaves the field.
	Ghostrick Mansion Monsters cannot attack face-down Defense Position monsters, but can attack directly if all monsters their opponent controls are face-down Defense Position. All effect damage, and battle damage inflicted by monsters other than "Ghostrick" monsters, is halved.
	Pixie Ring While you control 2 or more face-up Attack Position monsters, your opponent cannot target your monster(s) with the lowest ATK for an attack.

Effect interactions

• Must attack
  If you control a monster (1) that says "monsters your opponent controls that can attack must attack this card" and a card that prevents (1) from being targeted for attacks, your opponent's monsters must attack (1) due to its effect^[1].
  Example

  If you control a "Puppet Rook", which is treated as a Fiend due to a card effect, and a "Labrynth Archfiend", your opponent's monsters must attack "Puppet Rook" due to its effect.

  ---

• Unaffected
  
  • Preventing monsters from being targeted for an attack affects the monsters doing the attack targeting^[2].
    Example

    You control a face-up "Twilight Ninja Shingetsu" and a face-up "Twilight Ninja Nichirin, the Chunin", and the opponent controls a "Skypalace Gangaridai" affected by the effect of "Number 81: Superdreadnought Rail Cannon Super Dora". The effect of "Twilight Ninja Shingetsu" that prevents other "Ninja" Monsters you control from being targeted for attacks is an effect that affects the monsters performing attacks. Therefore, in the proposed scenario, since "Skypalace Gangaridai" is not affected by the effects of other cards, "Twilight Ninja Nichirin, the Chunin" can be targeted for an attack.

    ---

• This is true for both effects that say "monsters your opponent controls cannot target X for attacks" like "Twilight Ninja Shingetsu" and effects that say "your opponent cannot target X for attacks" like "The Winged Dragon of Ra - Sphere Mode": a monster unaffected by those cards can still target them for attacks^[3].

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Must attack" & "cannot be targeted for attacks"
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Preventing monsters from being targeted for an attack affects the monsters doing the attack targeting
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "The Winged Dragon of Ra - Sphere Mode"

---

Examples
	Blue-Eyes Chaos MAX Dragon You can Ritual Summon this card with "Chaos Form". Must be Ritual Summoned. Your opponent cannot target this card with card effects, also it cannot be destroyed by your opponent's card effects. If this card attacks a Defense Position monster, inflict double piercing battle damage.
	Ancient Gear Fortress During the turn they were Normal or Special Summoned, your opponent cannot target "Ancient Gear" monsters you control with card effects, and they cannot be destroyed by your opponent's card effects. Your opponent cannot activate cards or effects in response to the activation of "Ancient Gear" cards and effects. If this card is destroyed in the Spell & Trap Zone: You can Special Summon 1 "Ancient Gear" monster from your hand or Graveyard, also you cannot Special Summon monsters for the rest of this turn, except "Ancient Gear" monsters.
	Altergeist Emulatelf Special Summon this card as an Effect Monster (Spellcaster/LIGHT/Level 4/ATK 1400/DEF 1800). (This card is also still a Trap.) If Summoned this way, while it is in the Monster Zone, other "Altergeist" Traps you control cannot be destroyed by card effects, also neither player can target them with card effects.

Effect interactions

• Unaffected
  If you are not applying an effect to the monster, preventing a monster from being targeted does not affect the monster^[1].
  Example

  "Ancient Gear Fortress" and a "Chaos Ancient Gear Giant" which you Fusion Summoned this turn are on the field. Since "Chaos Ancient Gear Giant" is unaffected by Spell effects, the "they cannot be destroyed by your opponent's card effects" effect of "Ancient Gear Fortress" does not apply to it. (For example, it could be destroyed by your opponent's monster effects). However, the "your opponent cannot target "Ancient Gear" monsters you control with card effects" effect of "Ancient Gear Fortress" does not affect monsters. Therefore, your opponent will still be unable to target "Chaos Ancient Gear Giant" with card effects this turn.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Preventing a monster from being targeted does not affect the monster (Unless you are applying an effect to the monster)

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	Psi-Blocker Once per turn: You can declare 1 card name; cards with that name, and their effects, cannot be used until the End of your opponent's next turn.
	Prohibition Activate by declaring 1 card name. Cards with that name, and their effects, cannot be used. Cards already on the field are not affected (including face-down cards).

Currently, only these two cards have this kind of effect.

• "Using" a card means the following actions:
  • Activating a Spell or Trap Card, Setting them from the hand or Deck, activating or applying the effects of Spells or Traps.
  • Normal Summoning/Setting monsters, Special Summoning Special Summon Monsters by their requirements, activating the effects of monsters, using a monster as a Fusion/Synchro/Xyz/Link Material, declaring an attack/changing its battle position.
  • Activating a Pendulum Monster as a Spell Card. Also, activating or applying Pendulum Effects.
• A prohibited monster cannot be Special Summoned by the effects of other cards.
• If a Fusion Monster or Ritual Monster is prohibited, since Fusion Summons and Ritual Summons are treated as using the card, they cannot be performed.

What you can do:

• Sending a prohibited card to the Graveyard or Tributing it as a cost is not treated as using it.
• Targeting a prohibited card or affecting it with the effects of another card is not treated as using it.
• Applying written clauses in the Effect Text that are not Monster Effects is not treated as using the card.
• If a prohibited Attack Position monster is attacked by the opponent, damage calculation is performed normally, and if the ATK of the opponent's monster is lower than the ATK of your monster, that monster is destroyed in battle.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 174

---

Examples
	Construction Train Signal Red When an opponent's monster declares an attack: You can Special Summon this card from your hand, and if you do, change the attack target to this card and proceed to damage calculation. This card cannot be destroyed by that battle.
	Eye of Illusion If you control an Illusion or Spellcaster monster: Activate 1 of these effects; ● Your Illusion and Spellcaster monsters cannot be destroyed by battle this turn. ● During your opponent's turn: Target 1 face-up monster your opponent controls; take control of it until the End Phase. ● When an opponent's monster declares an attack: Target 1 face-up monster your opponent controls, except the attacking monster; change the attack target to it and perform damage calculation.
	Attack Guidance Armor When a monster declares an attack: Activate 1 of these effects; ● Destroy the attacking monster. ● Target 1 monster on either field, except the attacking monster; change the attack target to it and perform damage calculation. You can only activate 1 "Attack Guidance Armor" per turn.

• When an effect that changes attack target on attack declaration is applied, Damage Step is entered and damage calculation is performed while the effect is resolving^[1]. This means that:
  • Effects of cards that have to activate before damage calculation cannot be activated.
  • Effects of cards that have to activate during damage calculation cannot be activated
  • Effects of cards that have to activate at the end of the Damage Step can be activated.
  Example

  When the second effect of "Number 38: Hope Harbinger Dragon Titanic Galaxy" is applied, "Number 38: Hope Harbinger Dragon Titanic Galaxy" makes it the attack target, then performs damage calculation, so while the effect is resolving, the Damage Step is entered and damage calculation are conducted. Therefore, the effect of cards like "Honest" cannot be activated before damage calculation, and cards like "Forbidden Scripture" also cannot be activated during damage calculation. However, effects that activate after damage calculation or at the end of the Damage Step can be activated normally.

  ---

Effect interactions

• Attack all once each
  If a monster (1) can attack all opponent's monsters once each, if it attacks a monster (2) but then its attack is redirected to another monster (3), (1) cannot attack again (2). Furthermore, (3) which has been made the attack target instead of (2), if (3) has not been destroyed by battle after the attack redirection, (1) cannot attack again (3)^[2].
  Example

  A "Number 39: Utopia" equipped with "ZW - Asura Strike" attacks an opponent's "Ruffian Railcar", but the opponent activates the effect of Construction "Train Signal Red" from their hand, and damage calculation is performed. In this case, since the effect of Construction "Train Signal Red" makes itself the attack target, it cannot be attacked again by "Number 39: Utopia" equipped with "ZW - Asura Strike". In addition, the "Ruffian Railcar" which was attacked when the opponent activated the effect of Construction "Train Signal Red" also cannot be attacked again.

  ---

• End the Battle Phase
  If your opponent attacks and an effect (1) that "changes attack target and performs damage calculation" is activated, then you chain an effect (2) that ends the Battle Phase, due to the effect of (2) resolving, the effect of (1) resolves during the End Step of the Battle Phase. Because the attack is completed, you do not perform damage calculation^[3].
  Example

  During your opponent's turn, if your opponent attacks your "Decoy Dragon" and its effect is activated, and you chain the effect of "Electromagnetic Turtle", due to the effect of "Electromagnetic Turtle" resolving, the effect of "Decoy Dragon" resolves during the End Step of the Battle Phase. The targeted Dragon-Type monster is still Special Summoned from your Graveyard, but because the attack is completed, you do not perform damage calculation.

  ---

• Unaffected
  Changing the attack target affects the monster^[4].
  Example

  When your opponent's "Tatsunoko" attacks directly, you activate the effect of a "Dark Spirit of Banishment" in your hand at the start of the Damage Step, targeting a "Curse Necrofear" in your Graveyard. In this scenario, since your opponent's "Tatsunoko" is unaffected by monster effects, it is unaffected by the effect of "Dark Spirit of Banishment" that changes its attack target and performs damage calculation. Although "Curse Necrofear" is still Special Summoned by the effect of "Dark Spirit of Banishment", it does not become the new attack target, so "Tatsunoko" continues its attack normally as a direct attack.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Conducting damage calculation while an effect is resolving
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Attack target redirection and effects that allow attacking all monsters, once each
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Decoy Dragon", "Electromagnetic Turtle"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Changing the attack target affects the monster

---

Examples
	Cairngorgon, Antiluminescent Knight 2 Level 4 monsters During either player's turn, when another card or effect is activated that targets exactly 1 card on the field (and no other cards): You can detach 1 Xyz Material from this card, then target another card on the field that would be an appropriate target for that card/effect; that card/effect now targets the new target.
	Shift When your opponent targets exactly 1 monster you control (and no other cards) for an attack, or with a Spell/Trap effect: Target another monster you control that would be an appropriate target; that attack/Spell/Trap now targets the new target.
	Fairy's Hand Mirror When your opponent activates a Spell Card that targets exactly 1 monster (and no other cards) on the field: Target another card that would be an appropriate target; that Spell now targets the new target.

• Your opponent has activated a card targeting a card (1) you control. If you chain a card/effect that changes the target to another appropriate card, (1) is still considered to have been targeted^[1].
  Example

  Your opponent has activated "Tribute to The Doomed", targeting your "Spirit Reaper". If you chain "Fairy's Hand Mirror" and change the target to another monster, "Spirit Reaper" is still considered to have been targeted and will be destroyed by its own effect.

  ---

Effect interactions

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Fairy's Hand Mirror", "Spirit Reaper"

---

Examples
	Mimighoul Dragon FLIP: If it is the Main Phase: Apply these effects in sequence. ● Destroy all face-up monsters you control, except "Mimighoul" monsters. ● Give control of this card to your opponent. During your Main Phase: You can Special Summon this card from your hand to your opponent's field in face-down Defense Position. If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can add 1 "Mimighoul" Spell/Trap from your Deck to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Mimighoul Dragon" once per turn.
	Mind Control Target 1 monster your opponent controls; until the End Phase, take control of that target, but it cannot declare an attack or be Tributed.
	Switcheroroo If you control the same number of monsters as your opponent, switch control of all those monsters.

• Cards that switch control are treated as cards of their current controller. They can also be used to pay costs or for Special Summons like Fusion Summons, Synchro Summons, Xyz Summons or Link Summons^[1].
• If a card on the field that has changed control later leaves the field, it is moved to the owner's location^[1].
• If you have no available Main Monster Zones, you cannot activate an effect that would take control of an opponent's monster^[1]. Vice versa, you cannot activate an effect that gives control of a monster if your opponent has no available Main Monster Zones^[2].
• If you have 5 monsters in your Main Monster Zones before the resolution of an effect that switches control of a monster, the monster that would switch control is destroyed and sent to the Graveyard. In that case, it is not treated as being destroyed by a card effect^[1][2].
  Example

  After you take control of an opponent's monster with the effect of "Enemy Controller" that says "take control of that target until the End Phase", if the opponent has no available Main Monster Zones, the monster whose control would return is destroyed and sent to the Graveyard.

  ---

• If you take control of your opponent's monster in the Extra Monster Zone, it moves to your Main Monster Zone. When it goes back to your opponent, it goes to their Main Monster Zone, not the Extra Monster Zone^[4].
• If control of a monster that was stolen from the Extra Monster Zone is returned, it is not returned to the Extra Monster Zone of the owner, and is instead placed in an available Main Monster Zone of the previous controller. If there are no available Main Monster Zones, that monster is destroyed and sent to the Graveyard^[1].

Effect interactions

• Text that specifies "once per turn": Activate vs Use
  
  • If "the effect(s) of this card can only be activated once per turn" or simply "once per turn:" is written (different from "the effect of [card name] can only be activated/used once per turn"), if control switches to the opponent, the effect cannot be activated^[3].
    Example

    You have activated the effect of "Legendary Six Samurai - Shi En" that negates the activation of a Spell/Trap Card. If control of "Legendary Six Samurai - Shi En" is now changed due to "Enemy Controller"'s effect, your opponent cannot use the same effect of that "Legendary Six Samurai - Shi En" this turn, even if they take control of it.

    ---

• If "the effect of [card name] can only be used once per turn" is written with a particular card name, if control switches to the opponent, monsters with the same name that the opponent controls can activate that effect^[5].
• Can only control 1: "Rivalry of Warlords"/"Gozen Match" like
  You can take control of an opponent's monster that's the wrong Type/Attribute with a card like "Mind Control". If you do, it's sent to the Graveyard immediately after you gain control of it^[6].
• Cannot switch control/possession
  If the only monsters your opponent controls are monsters whose control/possession cannot switch, you cannot activate an effect that would take control of an opponent's monster^[7].
  Example

  When your "Goyo King" destroys an opponent's monster by battle, if the only monster your opponent controls is that "Botanical Lion" hose effect is applying (control of it cannot switch), you cannot activate the effect of "Goyo King" that takes control of your opponent's monster.

  ---

• "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill"
  The player who takes damage from the effect of "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill" is the one who controls the targeted monster when it leaves the field^[8].
  Example

  When your opponent Special Summoned "Blue-Eyes Alternative White Dragon" this turn, you activated the effect of "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill". During the same turn, if that "Blue-Eyes Alternative White Dragon" leaves the field after its control was changed by the effect of "Creature Swap", the player who takes damage from the effect of "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill" is the one who controls the targeted monster when it leaves the field (in this scenario, since you were the controller of "Blue-Eyes Alternative White Dragon", you take 3000 damage).

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 152-153
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation Legality for Change of Control
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Unqualified 'once per turn' and change of control
4. Official rulebook page 15
5. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 176-177
6. Official KONAMI's FAQ of "Rivalry of Warlords" and "Gozen Match"
7. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation legality for attempting to take control
8. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill" and changing control

---

• Monsters changing control after their Trigger effect meets its activation condition can activate their effects after they've changed control (in which case the player who took control of the monster activates it)^[1].
  Example

  You activate the effect of "Cyber Angel Natasha" in your Graveyard, banishing "Cyber Angel Benten" as a cost from your Graveyard and targeting your opponent's "Swordsoul Supreme Sovereign - Chengying". When resolving this effect, you gain control of "Swordsoul Supreme Sovereign - Chengying" and you can activate the effect of that "Swordsoul Supreme Sovereign - Chengying" you gained control of due the effect of "Cyber Angel Natasha".

  ---

• You activate a card (1) that takes control of an opponent monster as Chain Link 1. (1) does not target. Your opponent activates as Chain Link 2 an effect that summons a monster (2). The chain resolves backwards, (2) is special summoned first, then with (1) you take control of an opponent's monster. If you take control of (2), after the chain has finished resolving, you are (2)'s controller. Therefore, if (2)'s has a Trigger effect on summon, you can activate its effect at this time^[2].
  Example

  You activate the "take control of 1 monster your opponent controls until the End Phase" effect of "Triple Tactics Talent", and your opponent activated the "immediately after this effect resolves, Link Summon 1 Link Monster using materials you control, including this card" effect of "I:P Masquerena" in response. As a result, "S:P Little Knight" is Link Summoned immediately after the effect of "I:P Masquerena" resolves, and You gain control of that "S:P Little Knight" when resolving the effect of "Triple Tactics Talent". After the chain has finished resolving (at the time when the Trigger Effect of "S:P Little Knight" can be activated), you are "S:P Little Knight"'s controller. Therefore, you can activate its effect at this time.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters changing control after their Trigger effect meets its activation condition, before that effect can be activated
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: pecial Summoning to a player's field, and control being changed before the effect can be activated

---

Examples
	Silvera, Wolf Tamer of the White Forest 1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters If this card is Special Summoned: You can change all face-up monsters your opponent controls to face-down Defense Position. Illusion and Spellcaster Synchro Monsters you control gain 500 ATK, also if they attack a Defense Position monster, inflict double piercing battle damage to your opponent.
	Book of Moon Target 1 face-up monster on the field; change that target to face-down Defense Position.
	Quaking Mirror Force When an opponent's monster declares an attack: Change all your opponent's Attack Position monsters to face-down Defense Position. Monsters changed to face-down Defense Position by this effect cannot change their battle positions.

• When a face-up monster is flipped face-down, effects that were affecting it until that point no longer affect it^[1].
  Example

  If a monster that had its ATK increased by the effect of "Rush Recklessly" that says "Target 1 face-up monster on the field; it gains 700 ATK until the end of this turn" is flipped face-down by the effect of "Book of Moon", the effect of "Rush Recklessly" is no longer applied.

  ---

• If a monster that has been targeted for an already-applying effect of a Continuous/Equip Spell or a Continuous Trap is flipped face-down, that monster is no longer targeted and that targeting effect is no longer applied^[1].
  Example

  If a monster Special Summoned by the effect of "Call of the Haunted" that says "Activate this card by targeting 1 monster in your Graveyard; Special Summon that target in Attack Position" is flipped face-down, even if "Call of the Haunted" is destroyed afterwards, the effect that says "When this card leaves the field, destroy that target" is no longer applied.

  ---

• If a monster that was Normal Summoned, Special Summoned, had its battle position changed, or performed an attack declaration is flipped face-down, it cannot be Flip Summoned that turn. Also, even if that monster is flipped face-up by the effect of another card later, its battle position cannot be changed^[1].
• If a monster that performs an attack is flipped face-down and changed to face-up Attack Position during that Battle Phase, since that monster already performed an attack, it cannot attack^[1].
• Link Monsters and Monster Tokens cannot be flipped face-down^[1].
• If an Xyz Monster is flipped face-down, or becomes controlled by the opponent, the Xyz Materials are not sent to the Graveyard. They remain attached to the Xyz Monster^[2].
• If the equipped monster leaves the field or is flipped face-down, the equipped Equip Spells are destroyed and sent to the Graveyard^[3]. The Equip Spells are not treated as being destroyed by a card effect^[3]. This rule is also the same for equipped Traps, and monsters equipped to other monsters^[4].

Effect interactions

• Text that specifies "once per turn": Activate vs Use
  
  • If "the effect(s) of this card can only be activated once per turn" or simply "once per turn:" is written (different from "the effect of [card name] can only be activated/used once per turn"), if that card is flipped face-down or leaves the field and it later appears on the field face-up once again, the same effect of cards with the same name can be activated^[5].
• If "the effect of [card name] can only be used once per turn" is written with a particular card name, if that card leaves the field and returns to the field in the same turn, that card or cards with the same name cannot activate that effect in that turn. The same applies if "can only be used once per Duel" is written^[5].
• Union
  You activate the effect of an Union Monster (1) that targets another monster (2) on your field and equips to it. If an effect (3) is chained that changes (1) to face-down Defense Position, when resolving the effect of (1), the effect is not applied (the face-down Defense Position (1) remains in the Monster Zone)^[6].
  Example

  You activate the effect of "Heavy Mech Support Armor" that equips it to a Machine-Type monster on my field, targeting "XYZ-Dragon Cannon". If "Book of Moon" is chained, and "Heavy Mech Support Armor" itself is changed to face-down Defense Position, when resolving the effect of "Heavy Mech Support Armor", if it has been changed to face-down Defense Position, the effect is not applied (the face-down Defense Position "Heavy Mech Support Armor" remains in the Monster Zone).

  ---

• Counters
  If a card that has counters placed on itself is flipped face-down, those counters are removed^[7].
• Attach
  If an effect (1) that involves attaching a card (2) as an Xyz Material to an Xyz Monster on the field (3) is activated, if (3) is flipped face-down by another card's effect, then (1) resolves still by attaching (2) to (3)^[8].
  Example

  If "Overlay Regen" is activated, but "Book of Moon" is chained so that the targeted Xyz Monster is in face-down Defense Position when "Overlay Regen" resolves, at the time "Overlay Regen" resolves, even if the targeted Xyz Monster is now face-down, the effect of attaching "Overlay Regen" to it as an Xyz Material still applies as usual.

  ---

• Negate Activation of Effects
  A monster (1) activates its effect and an effect that negates the activation of the effects (2) is chained to negate the activations of the effects of (1). Then an effect that flips monsters to face-down Defense Position (3) is chained to flip (1). The the Chain resolves in reverse order and (1) will still negate the (2)'s effects activation^[9].
  Example

  When you Tribute Summon "Mobius the Frost Monarch", you activate its effect. However, your opponent activates the effect of "Stardust Dragon" in response. If you now further activate "Book of Moon" by targeting your "Mobius the Frost Monarch", this chain resolves backwards, and causes "Mobius the Frost Monarch" to be face-down by the time "Stardust Dragon"'s effect resolves. Even if "Mobius the Frost Monarch" is changed to face-down Defense Position, the effect of "Stardust Dragon" will still negate the activation of "Mobius the Frost Monarch"'s effect, and destroy "Mobius the Frost Monarch".

  ---

• Negate Activated Effects
  Consider effects that say "when an effect is activated: [cost]; negate the/that effect" (negating activated effect) like "Ash Blossom & Joyous Spring". A monster (1) activates its effect and an effect that negates monster's activated effects (2) is chained to negate the activated effects of (1). Then an effect that flips monsters to face-down Defense Position (3) is chained to flip (1). The Chain resolves in reverse order, (1) changes to face-down Defense Position due to the effect of (2), and the effects of (1) will still be negated^[10]
  Example

  When my Level 5 or higher monster activates its effect, "Xyz Wrath" is activated in response. If "Book of Moon" is then activated in response, causing the Level 5 or higher monster to be in face-down Defense Position by the time "Xyz Wrath" resolves, the effect of "Xyz Wrath" will be applied normally (the activated effect is negated, and the monster is destroyed).

  ---

• Negate Effects
  Consider effects that negate effects but not the activated effects like "Forbidden Chalice". A monster (1) activates its effect and an effect that flips monsters to face-down Defense Position (2) is chained to flip (1). Then an effect that negates monster's effects (3) is chained to negate (1). Due to the Chain resolving in reverse order, the effect of (3) will not be applied once (1) changes to face-down Defense Position due to the effect of (2), so the effect of (1) will not be negated^[11].
  Example

  You chained "Book of Moon" to the activation of the effect of "Judgment Dragon", and then further chained "Forbidden Chalice". Due to the Chain resolving in reverse order, the effect of "Forbidden Chalice" will not be applied once "Judgment Dragon" changes to face-down Defense Position due to the effect of "Book of Moon", so the effect of "Judgment Dragon" will not be negated, and all other cards on the field will be destroyed.

  ---

• Traps Treated as Monsters (not treated as Traps)
  Even if a Trap Card treated as a Monster Card which says it is not treated as a Trap Card is flipped face-down by the effect of "Book of Moon" or something similar, it is flipped face-down in the Main Monster Zone. If it is flipped face-up again, it is treated as a Monster according to what its text indicates^[12].
• Traps Treated as Monsters (still treated as Traps)
  
  • If a Trap Card treated as a Monster Card by its own effect is flipped face-down by an effect, it is placed face-down in the Spell & Trap Zone. It can be activated in the next turn and become a Monster Card once again^[12].
• Changing from Monster Trap to Trap, it does not create a new copy^[13]
  Example

  If the second effect of "Galaxy Cyclone" is activated by targeting an "Embodiment of Apophis" treated as a monster, and then "Book of Moon" is chained so that "Embodiment of Apophis" is Set, the targeted card is destroyed normally.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 168-169
2. Official rulebook page 51
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 118-119
4. Official rulebook page 54
5. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 176-177
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Heavy Mech Support Armor", "Book of Moon"
7. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 171-172
8. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Overlay Regen", "Book of Moon"
9. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Negating the activation of a monster's activated effect while it is face-down
10. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Negating a monster's activated effect while it is face-down
11. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Effects negation, and what removes/doesn't remove it
12. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 169-170
13. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Changing from Monster+Trap to Trap does not create a new copy

---

Information regarding	Retains if flipped face-down	Retains if banished temporarily
Properties of the cards used to perform that monster's Summon Names, Attributes, Types, Levels of the cards and the number of cards used	❌	❌[17]
Which specific copies of cards used to perform that monster's Summon Ritual, Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, Link Materials	✔️	✔️[2][16]
Which specific method or effect performed that monster's Summon Monsters being Summoned by their own specific method	❌	✔️[22] Adjusting
Where that monster was Summoned from	❌[15][20]	✔️[19]
Lingering effects previously applied to that monster	❌[3]	❌
If that monster's "once per turn" has been used this turn (if retains it can't use the "once per turn" again) EXCEPTION: effects that flip the monster itself face-down will be remembered	❌[4][9]	❌[4]
If that monster's Battle Position has been changed this turn (if retains it can't change Battle Position again)	✔️[3]	❌
If that monster has declared an attack this turn (if retains it can't attack again)	✔️[3][11]	❌
If that monster was Set, Normal, Tribute, or Special Summoned, including the type of Special Summon (Ritual, Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, Link) Exceptions below	✔️[5][6][7][21]	✔️[7][10][12][17]
If a Gemini monster was Normal Summoned again	❌	❌[8]
If that monster was Pendulum Summoned	❌[14]	✔️[13]
If that monster was Flip Summoned	❌	❌
The turn that monster was Set, Normal, Tribute, or Special Summoned	❌	❌[18]

References:

1. Pazim's Resources (unofficial resource)
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 88, 91, 101
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 168-169
4. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 177
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Being flipped face-down and being treated as a Ritual Summoned monster
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters are still considered to have been Special Summoned after being flipped face-down
7. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment or being flipped face-down and being treated as a Fusion Summoned monster
8. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment and Normal-Summoned-Again status
9. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Once per turn:" restrictions are reset when the monster is flipped face-down
10. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment and being treated as a Ritual Summoned monster
11. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: If a monster is flipped face-down after attacking, then face-up again, it still cannot attack again
12. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment and being treated as a Synchro Summoned monster
13. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment and being treated as a Pendulum Summoned monster
14. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment and being treated as a Pendulum Summoned monster
15. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Being flipped face-down and being considered to have been Summoned from a particular location
16. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Fusion Materials "remember" being used when the Fusion Monster is banished temporarily
17. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment and being treated as a Link Summoned monster
18. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Sky Striker Ace - Shizuku", "S:P Little Knight"
19. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Special Summoned from a particular location + temporarily banished
20. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Special Summoned from a particular location + flipped face-down
21. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "March of the Monarchs", "Book of Eclipse"
22. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "The Tripper Mercury", "Farfa, Malebranche of the Burning Abyss"

---

Examples
	Malefic Cyber End Dragon Cannot be Normal Summoned/Set. Must be Special Summoned (from your hand) by banishing 1 "Cyber End Dragon" from your Extra Deck. There can only be 1 "Malefic" monster on the field. Other monsters you control cannot declare an attack. If there is no face-up Field Spell on the field, destroy this card.
	Secret Sanctuary of the Spellcasters When a monster(s) (except a Spellcaster-Type monster) is Normal or Special Summoned to your opponent's side of the field while you control another face-up Spell Card and your opponent does not control any face-up Spell Cards: That monster cannot attack or activate its effects this turn. (This applies even if this card leaves the field.) If you do not control any Spellcaster-Type monsters, destroy this card.
	Void Launch During each of your Standby Phases: You can send up to 2 "Infernoid" monsters from your Deck to the Graveyard. If you control a monster that is not an "Infernoid" monster, send this card to the Graveyard.

• A card that self-destroys if a monster(s) with specific properties is not face-up, will self-destruct itself even if those monsters are used as materials to summon monsters with the same specific properties^[1].
  Example

  While "Secret Sanctuary of the Spellcasters" is face-up on my field, if you send all of your Spellcaster monsters to the Graveyard as Synchro Material, then Synchro Summon a Spellcaster monster, you do not control any Spellcaster monsters while performing the Synchro Summoning procedure. Therefore, "Secret Sanctuary of the Spellcasters" will be destroyed. Similarly, if you use all of your Spellcaster monsters as Xyz Material, then Xyz Summon a Spellcaster monster, you do not control any Spellcaster monsters while performing the Xyz Summoning procedure. Therefore, "Secret Sanctuary of the Spellcasters" will be destroyed.

  ---

• Continuous(-like) Effects apply before the effect at activation even begins resolving, a continuous Spell/Trap that has an effect at activation will not resolve successfully if it has a continuous self-destruct/self-send^[2].
  Example

  You control a Set "Void Launch". If you control a non-"Infernoid" monster, you can active it. If you choose to activate "Void Launch"'s effect that sends "Infernoid" monsters to the Graveyard as part of the card activation, before that effect begins resolving, "Void Launch" will be sent to the Graveyard by its own effect. As a result, you will then be unable to send "Infernoid" monsters from your Deck to the Graveyard.

  ---

Effect interactions

• If [X] would be destroyed, you can do [A] instead: Destruction Substitution
  Substituting for continuous attempts to destroy can be attempted, though futile^[3].
  Example

  You have "Toon Kingdom" face-up on your side of the field, and you activate "Comic Hand" by targeting an opponent's "Spirit Reaper". When "Comic Hand" resolves, you take control of the "Spirit Reaper" that was targeted, and it will be treated as a Toon monster. After you gain control of "Spirit Reaper", its effect that destroys it when it is targeted by a card or effect will apply. In this case, you can apply the last effect of "Toon Kingdom" once, and banish the top card of your Deck face-down, but the effect of "Spirit Reaper" will immediately apply again, resulting in "Spirit Reaper" being destroyed.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Exact timing of continuous-effect destruction when using material
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Continuous Effects applying before the effect at activation even begins resolving
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Substituting for continuous attempts to destroy can be attempted, though futile

---

Examples
	Psi-Blocker Once per turn: You can declare 1 card name; cards with that name, and their effects, cannot be used until the End of your opponent's next turn.
	Crossout Designator Declare 1 card name; banish 1 of that declared card from your Main Deck, and if you do, negate its effects, as well as the activated effects and effects on the field of cards with the same original name, until the end of this turn. You can only activate 1 "Crossout Designator" per turn.
	Mind Crush Declare 1 card name; if that card is in your opponent's hand, they must discard all copies of it, otherwise you discard 1 random card.

• When a card is activated or when a card name is declared for an effect, only card names that can be used in a sanctioned Duel can be declared^[1].

Effect interactions

• Text that says "this card is always treated as [card name]/[a particular title/archetype] card"
  A card named [X] whose text reads "this card is always treated as [Y]" cannot be declared by card name: when activating an effect that involves declaring a card name, you cannot declare [X] but you can declare [Y]^[2].
  Example

  The card names "A Legendary Ocean" and "Lemuria, the Forgotten City" are always treated as "Umi". When declaring a card name, you cannot declare the card names "A Legendary Ocean" or "Lemuria, the Forgotten City". Both "A Legendary Ocean" and "Lemuria, the Forgotten City" are card names that are always treated as "Umi". Therefore, the original card name of these cards while they are being used in a Duel will also be "Umi". As a result, if you declare "Umi" when activating "Crossout Designator", you can banish either "Umi", "A Legendary Ocean", or "Lemuria, the Forgotten City" when "Crossout Designator" resolves. Regardless of which one you banish, the effect of "Crossout Designator" will apply to all cards whose original name is "Umi", which includes the cards A Legendary Ocean and Lemuria, the Forgotten City.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 55
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Umi", "Crossout Designator"

---

Examples
	Dark Armed Dragon Cannot be Normal Summoned/Set. Must be Special Summoned (from your hand) by having exactly 3 DARK monsters in your GY. You can banish 1 DARK monster from your GY, then target 1 card on the field; destroy that target.
	Mementotlan Bone Party Destroy 1 "Memento" monster in your hand or face-up field, take 1 "Memento" monster from your Deck with a different name, and either add it to your hand or Special Summon it in Defense Position. During your Main Phase: You can banish this card from your GY, then target 1 "Memento" monster you control; if it attacks a Defense Position monster this turn, inflict piercing battle damage to your opponent. You can only use each effect of "Mementotlan Bone Party" once per turn.
	Chain Destruction When a monster(s) with 2000 or less ATK is Summoned: Target 1 of them; destroy all cards with that name in its controller's hand and Main Deck.

• A card is destroyed when it is sent to the Graveyard due to battle between monsters or by an effect that destroys a card. A card that is returned from the field to the hand or Deck, or, that is sent to the Graveyard as a cost or Tribute, is NOT considered "destroyed." always returned to the Graveyard/hand/Deck of the original owner^[1].
• If "Macro Cosmos" or something similar is activated, so that cards that would be sent to the Graveyard are banished, cards that are destroyed are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead^[2].
• Cards in the Graveyard or that are banished cannot be destroyed^[2].
  Example

  If the activation of the effect of "Glow-Up Bulb" that says "Special Summon this card banished by this effect" is negated by the effect of "Solemn Strike" that says "negate the Summon or activation, and if you do, destroy that card", the activation of the effect of that "Glow-Up Bulb" is negated, but it is not treated as being destroyed and it remains in the Graveyard.

  ---

• Effects that say "destroy and sent to the Graveyard" or "destroy and banish", if they cannot destroy the card, the part of the effect that sends to the Graveyard or banishes is not performed either ("and" conjunctive)^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 53
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 147

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Continuous Spell/Trap Cards that destroy a card(s) on the field can target themselves, if they are a valid target. Note that their effects can only legally be used in the same Chain Link of their card activation if there is a valid target on the field before activating the card in case it has a condition to be met (e.g. being a face-up card).

Example

When activating the effect of "Thunder Dragon Discharge" that destroys a Spell/Trap Card on the field, you can target "Thunder Dragon Discharge" with its own effect to destroy a Spell/Trap Card on the field (The effect will also banish 1 Thunder-Type monster from your Deck normally).

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Continuous Spell/Trap Cards that destroy a card(s) on the field can target themselves

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An effect that destroys a card(s) on your side of the field to summon can be activated even when all of your Main Monster Zones are full, but the card(s) you have to destroy must be one monster(s) in your Main Monster Zone.

Example

If there are 5 monsters in my Main Monster Zones, you can activate the effect of "Crystron Prasiortle", "Crystron Smiger", "Crystron Thystvern", or "Crystron Rosenix" that destroys a face-up card on your field and Special Summons a "Crystron" Tuner monster from your Deck. You can only activate the effect by targeting a face-up monster in your Main Monster Zone (face-up cards in your Spell & Trap Zones, Field Zone, or the Extra Monster Zone cannot be targeted).

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation legality for destroy + Summon with no zones

---

Examples
	Danger! Mothman! You can reveal this card in your hand; your opponent randomly chooses 1 card from your entire hand, then you discard the chosen card. Then, if the discarded card was not "Danger! Mothman!", Special Summon 1 "Danger! Mothman!" from your hand, and if you do, draw 1 card. If this card is discarded: You can have both players draw 1 card, then both players discard 1 card. You can only use this effect of "Danger! Mothman!" once per turn.
	Dark World Dealings Each player draws 1 card, then each player discards 1 card.
	Infernity Inferno Discard up to 2 cards, and send the same number of "Infernity" cards from your Deck to the Graveyard.

• Discard means to send a card from your hand to the Graveyard. This can happen because of a card effect or by adjusting the number of cards in your hand during the End Phase^[1].
• Cards that are discarded from the hand to the Graveyard are treated as cards that were discarded as well as cards that were sent from the hand to the Graveyard^[2].
• Cards that are discarded are not treated as being destroyed^[2].
• If "Macro Cosmos" or something similar is activated, so that cards that would be sent to the Graveyard are banished, discarded cards are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 53

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Examples
	"Maxx "C"" During either player's turn: You can send this card from your hand to the Graveyard; this turn, each time your opponent Special Summons a monster(s), immediately draw 1 card. You can only use 1 "Maxx "C"" per turn.
	Pot of Greed Draw 2 cards.
	Dark Bribe When your opponent activates a Spell/Trap Card: Your opponent draws 1 card, also negate the Spell/Trap activation, and if you do, destroy it.

• If multiple cards are drawn, this is performed by taking cards in order from the top, but this is treated as drawing all cards simultaneously^[1].
• Even if cards are drawn by a card effect during the Draw Phase, that drawing is not treated as the normal draw of the turn^[1].
• If a player has 0 cards left in their Deck, that player cannot activate an optional effect that draws cards. Similarly, effects that draw multiple cards cannot be activated if it is not possible to draw that many cards. However, effects like "Reload" that draw cards after adding cards to the Deck can be activated even if there are no cards in the Deck^[1].
• If cards are sent from the Deck to the Graveyard during the resolution of a card, so that the player becomes unable to draw cards but is forced to by a mandatorily activated effect, that player loses the Duel^[1].

Effect interactions

• Return/Add to the Hand
  
  • If cards from the Deck are added to the hand by an effect that does not draw cards but "adds them to the hand", this is not treated as drawing cards^[1].
    Example

    If a card is added to the hand by the effect of "Pot of Duality" that says "Excavate the top 3 cards of your Deck, add 1 of them to your hand, also, after that, shuffle the rest back into your Deck.", this is not treated as drawing cards.

    ---

• Cards that are drawn are treated as being added to the hand^[2].
  Example

  "R-Genex Accelerator" was face-up on your field when you performed your normal draw for the Draw Phase. If the card you draw is a "Genex" monster, even if a "Genex" monster is added to your hand by drawing, it is considered to have been added from your Deck to your hand. Therefore, in this scenario, you can activate the effect of "R-Genex Accelerator".

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 145
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "R-Genex Accelerator"

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Examples
	Bystial Magnamhut You can target 1 LIGHT or DARK monster in either GY; banish it, and if you do, Special Summon this card from your hand. This is a Quick Effect if your opponent controls a monster. If this card is Special Summoned: You can activate this effect; during the End Phase of this turn, add 1 Dragon monster from your Deck or GY to your hand, except "Bystial Magnamhut". You can only use each effect of "Bystial Magnamhut" once per turn.
	Gold Sarcophagus Banish 1 card from your Deck, face-up. During your 2nd Standby Phase after this card's activation, add that card to the hand.
	Sharv Sarga If "Visas Starfrost" is on the field: Target 1 Effect Monster on the field; shuffle that target into the Deck, and if you do, during the End Phase of this turn, its owner can add 1 monster from their Deck to their hand with a different Type and a Level lower than the Level/Rank/Link Rating of that monster. If a "Veda" monster(s) is Special Summoned, while this card is in your GY (except during the Damage Step): You can add this card to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Sharv Sarga" once per turn.

• The resolution of effects of this kind does not start a chain, but if multiple effects of this kind resolve in the same Phase, it is possible to activate Fast effects after resolving one effect and before resolving another effect^[1].
• Effects of this kind can be activated even if resolution of that effect cannot be performed completely at the time of the activation. For example an effect that adds a card with a certain property from the Deck to the hand, can be activated even if there are no cards with that property at the moment of the activation^[2].
  Example

  You can activate the effect of "Infernoble Knight Captain Roland" when it is Synchro Summoned if neither an Equip Spell nor a Warrior monster is in your Deck. In this case, when performing the effect during the End Phase, you will first send an Equip Spell from you Deck to the Graveyard if possible (if there is no Equip Spell in your Deck, neither that part nor the part of adding a Warrior monster to your hand is applied). Next, after you sent an Equip Spell from your Deck to the Graveyard, if there is a Warrior monster in your Deck at this point, you will add it to your hand (if there is no Warrior monster in your Deck, the effect is completed by sending an Equip Spell to the Graveyard).

  ---

Effect interactions

• Negate Summons
  The Special Summon of a monster when resolving an effect that happens later (during the End Phase for example) does not start a chain such as "Spellbook of Judgment".
  • As it is a Special Summon of a monster due an effect, this Special Summon cannot be negated by activating effects that negate summons like "Black Horn of Heaven"^[3].
  • However, it is still an "effects that include an effect that Special Summons a monster(s)", so cards like "Solemn Warning" can be activated in response^[3].
• Unaffected by activated effects
  Effects that apply later (delayed effects) also applies after the Chain Link formed by their activation has finished resolving. Therefore, they can also affect monsters that are "unaffected by activated effects"^[4].
  Example

  "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon"'s effect will destroy "Cyberdark End Dragon" during the End Phase.

  ---

• "Necrovalley"
  An effect that resolves at a later point, moving a card(s) in the GY to a different place, can be activated when "Necrovalley" is face-up on the field and its effect will not be negated. If at the time of the delayed effect resolution "Necrovalley" is still face-up on the field, that effect won't resolve successfully and won't move any card in the GY. If on other hand "Necrovalley" is not face-up on the field anymore, then that effect resolves normally by moving a card(s) in the GY^[5].
  Example

  If "Harpie Oracle" is Normal or Special Summoned and activates its effect while the effect of "Necrovalley" is applying, as in this scenario, the effect will not be negated. However, if the effect of "Necrovalley" is applying during the End Phase when you apply "Harpie Oracle"'s effect, you cannot add an appropriate Spell/Trap Card from your Graveyard to your hand. (If the effect of "Necrovalley" has stopped applying by the time you reach the End Phase, you can add the Spell/Trap Card from your Graveyard to your hand normally)

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Resolving effects is an action that does not start a chain as per FETC
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation legality for delayed adding to hand
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Negating delayed Special Summons
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Unaffected by activated effects" and what it means
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Necrovalley and delayed effects

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Examples
	Yubel Cannot be destroyed by battle. You take no battle damage from battles involving this card. Before damage calculation, if this face-up Attack Position card is targeted for an attack: Inflict damage to your opponent equal to that attacking monster's ATK. Once per turn, during your End Phase: Tribute 1 other monster or destroy this card. When this card is destroyed, except by its own effect: Its owner can Special Summon 1 "Yubel - Terror Incarnate" from their hand, Deck, or GY.
	Card Trader Once per turn, during your Standby Phase: You can shuffle 1 card from your hand into the Deck; draw 1 card.
	Red Cocoon Target 1 Dragon-Type Synchro Monster you control; equip this card to it. While it is battling an opponent's monster, until the end of the Damage Step, negate the effects of all face-up monsters your opponent controls. During the End Phase, if this card is in the Graveyard because it was sent there this turn: You can target 1 "Red Dragon Archfiend" in your Graveyard; Special Summon it.

• If a Trigger Effect that activates in the Standby Phase^[1] or End Phase^[2] has its activation negated, it cannot be activated again afterwards.
• Trap Cards' phase-specific effects behaving like Fast effects^[3].
  Example

  If two "Red Cocoon" were sent to the Graveyard during the same turn, you can activate both of their effects during the End Phase. In that case, you can activate both effects in a single chain or activate them separately in different chains.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 183
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 195-196
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Trap Cards' phase-specific effects behaving like Fast effects

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Examples
	Red-Eyes Flare Metal Dragon 2 Level 7 monsters Cannot be destroyed by card effects while it has material. While this card has material, each time your opponent activates a card or effect, inflict 500 damage to your opponent immediately after it resolves. Once per turn (Quick Effect): You can detach 1 material from this card, then target 1 "Red-Eyes" Normal Monster in your GY; Special Summon it.
	Kyoutou Waterfront Each time a card(s) is sent from the field to the GY, place 1 Kaiju Counter on this card for each sent card (max. 5). Once per turn, while 3 or more Kaiju Counters are on this card: You can add 1 "Kaiju" monster from your Deck to your hand. If this card would be destroyed by a card effect, you can remove 1 Kaiju Counter from this card instead.
	Powersink Stone Each time a monster effect is activated, place 1 Spellstone Counter on this card (max. 2). While this card has 2 Spellstone Counters, neither player can activate the effects of face-up monsters on the field, also the effects of face-up monsters on the field are negated. Once per turn, during the End Phase, if this card has any Spellstone Counters: Remove them.

• These are continuous effects that apply [B] at chain link resolution everytime [A] happens^[1]. Examples:
  • Your opponent activates a card or effect, but you chain "Xyz Reborn" and Special Summon "Red-Eyes Flare Metal Dragon" from your Graveyard. The effect of "Red-Eyes Flare Metal Dragon" applies each time your opponent activates a card or effect while "Red-Eyes Flare Metal Dragon" has Xyz Material, and inflicts damage after that card or effect resolves. Therefore, in this situation, if your opponent activates a card or effect while "Red-Eyes Flare Metal Dragon" with Xyz Material is not present on your side of the field, the effect to inflict damage does not apply^[1].
  • If "Compulsory Evacuation Device" is activated targeting your face-up "Fire Princess", and you chain "Emergency Provisions" by sending any number of Spell/Trap Cards you control to the Graveyard, when the effect of "Emergency Provisions" resolves at Chain Link 2, the effect of "Fire Princess" will apply to inflict 500 damage to your opponent. Then, then effect of "Compulsory Evacuation Device" at Chain Link 1 will be applied normally^[2].
• These are effects that do not start a chain (no colon nor semicolon)^[3].

Effect interactions

• Activate [X] from [location]: Activate a Card through another Card's effect
  Continuous effects that say "Each time [X] is activated, do [B]" won't apply [B] if [X] is activated by another card effect^[4].
  Example

  If a Spell Card is activated by another effect, "Skilled Blue Magician"'s"each time a Spell Card is activated, place 1 Spell Counter on this card when that Spell resolves" effect will not be applied, and no Spell Counters are placed as a result of that activation. If "Demise of the Land" is activated, one Spell Counter is placed on "Skilled Blue Magician" (it is placed as a result of "Demise of the Land"'s own activation).

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Continuous effects that apply at chain link resolution, and those effects already needing to be applying at activation
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Fire Princess"
3. "Problem-Solving Card Text, Part 4: The Clues on Your Cards"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Demise of the Land", "Skilled Blue Magician"

---

Examples
	Electromagnetic Turtle During your opponent's Battle Phase (Quick Effect): You can banish this card from your GY; end the Battle Phase. You can only use this effect of "Electromagnetic Turtle" once per Duel.
	Turn Silence Target 1 face-up monster you control; increase its Level by 3, also if you activated this card in response to your opponent's monster effect activation, while you control "Shining Sarcophagus" and a monster that mentions it, negate that opponent's effect. During damage calculation, if your monster that mentions "Shining Sarcophagus" battles: You can banish this card from your GY; end the Battle Phase. You can only activate 1 "Turn Silence" per turn.
	Negate Attack When an opponent's monster declares an attack: Target the attacking monster; negate the attack, then end the Battle Phase.

Effect interactions

• Change attack target
  If your opponent attacks and an effect (1) that "changes attack target and performs damage calculation" is activated, then you chain an effect (2) that ends the Battle Phase, due to the effect of (2) resolving, the effect of (1) resolves during the End Step of the Battle Phase. Because the attack is completed, you do not perform damage calculation^[1].
  Example

  During your opponent's turn, if your opponent attacks your "Decoy Dragon" and its effect is activated, and you chain the effect of "Electromagnetic Turtle", due to the effect of "Electromagnetic Turtle" resolving, the effect of "Decoy Dragon" resolves during the End Step of the Battle Phase. The targeted Dragon-Type monster is still Special Summoned from your Graveyard, but because the attack is completed, you do not perform damage calculation.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Decoy Dragon", "Electromagnetic Turtle"

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Examples
	A-Assault Core Once per turn, you can either: Target 1 LIGHT Machine monster you control; equip this card to that target, OR: Unequip this card and Special Summon it. A monster equipped with this card is unaffected by your opponent's monster effects (except its own), also if the equipped monster would be destroyed by battle or card effect, destroy this card instead. If this card is sent from the field to the GY: You can add 1 other Union monster from your GY to your hand.
	Magistus Theurgy Target 1 "Magistus" monster you control; equip it with 1 "Magistus" monster, except a Level 4 monster, from your Extra Deck, GY, or face-up field. If you have at least 1 each "Magistus" Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, and Link Monsters in your GY, you can equip it with 1 non-"Magistus" Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, or Link Monster from your Extra Deck, instead. You can only activate "Magistus Theurgy" once per turn.
	Rocket Hand Target 1 Attack Position monster you control with 800 or more ATK; equip this card to that target. It gains 800 ATK. You can send this equipped card to the Graveyard, then target 1 face-up card on the field; destroy it, then change the ATK of the monster this card was equipped to, to 0, also its battle position cannot be changed. You can only use 1 "Rocket Hand" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

• In addition to Equip Spell Cards, sometimes Trap Cards or Monster Cards can become equipped to a monster.
• The term "Equip Card" includes all 3 kinds (standard Equip Spells, equipped Traps, and monsters equipped to other monsters).
  • Equipped Traps remain Trap Cards
  • Equipped monsters are considered to be Equip Spells.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 53

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Equip Spell Cards always target, but activating an effect that equips does not implicitly target.

Example

The Quick Effect of "Amazement Ambassador Bufo" was activated by targeting an equipped Trap you control. When that effect resolves, you can equip that Trap to your opponent's "The First Darklord", even though it cannot be targeted by card effects. That effect of "Amazement Ambassador Bufo" does not require you to target any monsters.

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activating an effect that equips does not implicitly target

---

Equip Cards with impossible Continuous Effects can be activated. A Link Monster can be equipped with "Horn of Light" or "Rod of Silence - Kay'est". However, since Link Monsters do not have DEF, the effect of increasing DEF is not applied. In the case of "Rod of Silence - Kay'est" , the effect that negates other Spells' effects targeting the equipped monster and destroys them is applied normally.

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation Legality of Equip Cards with impossible Continuous Effects

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Examples
	A-Assault Core Once per turn, you can either: Target 1 LIGHT Machine monster you control; equip this card to that target, OR: Unequip this card and Special Summon it. A monster equipped with this card is unaffected by your opponent's monster effects (except its own), also if the equipped monster would be destroyed by battle or card effect, destroy this card instead. If this card is sent from the field to the GY: You can add 1 other Union monster from your GY to your hand.
	Magistus Theurgy Target 1 "Magistus" monster you control; equip it with 1 "Magistus" monster, except a Level 4 monster, from your Extra Deck, GY, or face-up field. If you have at least 1 each "Magistus" Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, and Link Monsters in your GY, you can equip it with 1 non-"Magistus" Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, or Link Monster from your Extra Deck, instead. You can only activate "Magistus Theurgy" once per turn.
	Mikanko Spiritwalk Target 1 face-up monster your opponent controls; equip that face-up monster to 1 "Mikanko" monster you control as an Equip Spell, then if a Ritual Monster Card is on the field, you can inflict 500 damage to your opponent for each Equip Spell you control. You can banish this card from your GY; Special Summon 1 of your "Mikanko" monsters that is banished or in your hand. You can only use each effect of "Mikanko Spiritwalk" once per turn.

Monster Cards that are treated as Equip Cards are placed in the Spell & Trap Zone and are treated as Equip Spell Cards^[1].

• If a Pendulum Monster has been placed in the left-most or right-most Spell & Trap Zone as an Equip Card, that Pendulum Monster is not treated as a card in a Pendulum Zone, its Pendulum Effects are not applied and a Pendulum Summon cannot be performed^[1].
• If a Monster Card that has become an Equip Card activates or applies an effect, that effect is treated as the effect of an Equip Spell Card^[1].
  Example

  If a monster equipped "Gwenhwyfar, Queen of Noble Arms", which has an effect that says "If the equipped monster battles an opponent's monster, at the start of the Damage Step: You can destroy that monster, then destroy this card.", battles with a "First of the Dragons" affected by its effect that says "This card cannot be destroyed by battle, except by battle with a Normal Monster, and is unaffected by other monsters' effects.", since the effect of "Gwenhwyfar, Queen of Noble Arms" is treated as the effect of an Equip Spell Card, "First of the Dragons" is destroyed.

  ---

• Equip Cards are treated as always targeting the equipped monster^[1].
• If a Monster Card is equipped to another monster, it remains equipped to that monster and cannot be moved to a different target, even by card effects that would normally be able to do so^[2].
  EXCEPTION: Union monsters equipped by their own effects can be moved by appropriate card effects^[2].

Effect interactions

• Tokens
  Tokens placed in the Spell & Trap Zone have the ATK printed on the card that Special Summoned the Token^[3].
  Example

  "The Grand Jupiter" can be equipped with a Token by its own effect. For example, if a "Photon Token" that was Special Summoned by the effect of Photon Sanctuary is equipped to "The Grand Jupiter", the second effect of "The Grand Jupiter" will increase its own ATK by the original ATK of the equipped "Photon Token", which is 2000.

  ---

• Cannot switch control/possession
  Your opponent controls a monster (1) whose control/possession cannot switch. You cannot equip (1) to a monster you control (2) as an equip card as it is considered changing control of that opponent's monster^[4].
  Example

  Your opponent controls an "Armed Dragon Thunder LV10" , and its "● 10+" effect that prevents control of it from switching is being applied. In this scenario, you cannot activate the effect of your "Relinquished" that that equips the target to it by targeting that "Armed Dragon Thunder LV10".

  ---

• Leaves the field
  A monster on the field becoming an Equip Spell is not treated as the monster "leaving the field"^[5].
• Leaves the field because of an opponent's card
  If your opponent fails to equip a monster you control to a monster your opponent's controls, this is not treated as "leaving the field because of your opponent's card"^[6].
  Example

  Your opponent activates the effect of their "Relinquished Anima", targeting your Fusion Summoned "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon". In response, you activate the effect of "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon", which banishes a monster on the field. When this chain resolves, you banish "Relinquished Anima", therefore, "Relinquished Anima" no longer exists on the field when its effect resolves, and "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon" is sent to the Graveyard instead of becoming an Equip Card. In the situation, "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon" is not treated as being sent to the Graveyard by your opponent. Therefore, that effect of "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon" cannot be activated.

  ---

• Negate Effects
  
  • If a monster that has been equipped with Equip Cards by its effect has its effects negated, they are destroyed and sent to the Graveyard^[1].
    Example

    While "Guardian of Felgrand" has been equipped with a card by its effect that says "If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can equip 1 Level 7 or 8 Dragon-Type monster from your hand or Graveyard to this card.", if the effect of "Skill Drain" is applied, the effects of "Guardian of Felgrand" are negated and the monster that was equipped is destroyed and sent to the Graveyard.

    ---

• If the effects of an Equip Card equipped to a monster are negated, the effects are negated but it remains on the field equipped to the equipped monster^[1].
  Example

  While the Union monster "Armored Cybern" is equipped to a monster, if the effect of "Silent Swordsman LV7" that says "Negate all Spell effects on the field." is applied, the effects of "Armored Cybern" are negated but it stays equipped to the equipped monster.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 165-166
2. Official rulebook page 53
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Tokens placed in the Spell & Trap Zone have the ATK printed on the card that Special Summoned the Token
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Armed Dragon Thunder LV10", "Relinquished"
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Relay Soul" and monster moved to Spell & Trap Zone
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Leaves the field by your opponent" and failing to equip

---

If, at the time of the particular timing, the card has changed card type like from monster becomes an equip card, the Trigger Effect does not activate.

Example

When my "D/D/D Wave Oblivion King Caesar Ragnarok" declares an attack, its effect is activated, and my opponent activates "Call of the Haunted" in a chain by targeting "Black Rose Moonlight Dragon". When resolving the effect of "D/D/D Wave Oblivion King Caesar Ragnarok", if I choose to equip the Special Summoned "Black Rose Moonlight Dragon" to it, the Special Summoned "Black Rose Moonlight Dragon" becomes an Equip Card, and is no longer a monster, so after the current chain resolves, its effect cannot be activated (in this case, after the chain resolves, since the number of monsters on your opponent's side of the field changed, a replay will occur).

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Changing card type prevents Trigger effects from activating

---

Examples
	Metalmorph Target 1 face-up monster on the field; equip this card to that target. It gains 300 ATK/DEF. If it attacks, it gains ATK equal to half the ATK of the attack target, during damage calculation only.
	Altergeist Manifestation Target 1 "Altergeist" monster in your GY; Special Summon it in Attack Position, and if you do, equip it with this card. When this card leaves the field, destroy that monster. You can banish this card from your GY, then target 1 "Altergeist" Trap in your GY; add it to your hand. You can only use this effect of "Altergeist Manifestation" once per turn.
	Rocket Hand Target 1 Attack Position monster you control with 800 or more ATK; equip this card to that target. It gains 800 ATK. You can send this equipped card to the Graveyard, then target 1 face-up card on the field; destroy it, then change the ATK of the monster this card was equipped to, to 0, also its battle position cannot be changed. You can only use 1 "Rocket Hand" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

• Cards like "Rocket Hand" that equip themselves to a monster after activation are Normal Trap Cards that remain on the field after activation. After they become Equip Cards, they are also treated as Trap Cards. They have every other rule that Equip Spell Cards have.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 123

---

Examples
	Absolute King Back Jack During your opponent's turn (Quick Effect): You can banish this card from the GY; excavate the top card of your Deck, and if it is a Normal Trap, Set it to your field. Otherwise, send it to the GY. That Set card can be activated during this turn. If this card is sent to the GY: You can look at 3 cards from the top of your Deck, then place them on the top of the Deck in any order. You can only use each effect of "Absolute King Back Jack" once per turn.
	Pot of Duality Excavate the top 3 cards of your Deck, add 1 of them to your hand, also, after that, shuffle the rest back into your Deck. You can only activate 1 "Pot of Duality" per turn. You cannot Special Summon during the turn you activate this card.
	Onikuji Once per turn, during your Standby Phase: Your opponent declares 1 card type (Monster, Spell, or Trap). Excavate the top card of your Deck, then if it is that type of card, your opponent draws 1 card. Otherwise, discard 1 random card from their hand. Place the excavated card on the bottom of your Deck.

• When a card says to "excavate" cards from your Deck, you reveal those cards to both players. Then, before you do anything else, apply the instructions from the card effect that excavated them. Cards that are being excavated are still treated as being in the Deck until sent elsewhere by the card instructions.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 54

---

Examples
	Predaplant Moray Nepenthes This card gains 200 ATK for each Predator Counter on the field. When this card destroys an opponent's monster by battle: You can equip that monster to this card. Once per turn: You can target 1 Monster Card equipped to this card by this card's effect; destroy it, and if you do, gain LP equal to its original ATK.
	Mystik Wok Tribute 1 monster. Select either its ATK or DEF and gain that many Life Points.
	Rainbow Life Discard 1 card; until the end of this turn, each time you would take damage, gain that amount of LP instead.

• Each player starts the duel with 8000 Life Points, but there is no upper limit to the life points a player can obtain. Even if you have 8000 Life Points, you can activate cards or effects that increase life points. The effect will resolve as usual, and the player will gain Life Points^[1].
• A card's effect which gains LP can be activated even if it will gain 0 LP and will resolve successfully^[2].
  Example

  "Predaplant Moray Nepenthes" is equipped with a "Performapal Life Swordsman" by its second effect. Even if that monster has 0 ATK, you can also activate the effect that destroys an equipped monster and increases your Life Points by its ATK. In this case, the equipped monster is destroyed normally, but you gain no Life Points.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Can a player gain Life Points if they have 8000 Life Points?
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation legality for gaining 0 LP

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Examples
	Hugin the Runick Wings 2 "Runick" monsters If this card is Special Summoned from the Extra Deck: You can discard 1 card; add 1 "Runick" Field Spell from your Deck to your hand. If another card(s) you control would be destroyed by card effect, you can banish this card you control instead. If this card on the field is destroyed by battle or card effect: Return this card to the Extra Deck.
	Fire King Sanctuary When this card is activated: You can place 1 "Fire King Island" from your Deck face-up in your Field Zone. Once per turn, if a card in your Field Zone would be destroyed by card effect, you can destroy 1 FIRE monster in your hand or face-up field instead. Once per turn, if your opponent Special Summons a monster(s), you can: Immediately after this effect resolves, Xyz Summon 1 FIRE Xyz Monster using only "Fire King" monsters you control. You can only activate 1 "Fire King Sanctuary" per turn.
	Dark World Punishment When a monster(s) would be Normal or Special Summoned: You can negate the Summon, and if you do, destroy that monster(s), then discard 1 Fiend monster. If a "Dark World" monster(s) you control would be destroyed by battle or an opponent's card effect, you can banish this card from your GY instead. You can only use each effect of "Dark World Punishment" once per turn.

• A card whose effect reads "if (1) you control would be destroyed by battle, you can do (2)" can be applied when performing damage calculation^[2]:
  • If you choose to apply the effect, immediately after damage calculation do (2), which can be banishing a card, detach a material for effect...
  • If you choose not to apply the effect, you can now use any effects that can be activated after damage calculation.
  Example

  A face-up "Bujintei Kagutsuchi" on my field has "Zoodiac Whiptail" as Xyz Material.

  • If "Bujintei Kagutsuchi" would be destroyed by battle, you can choose whether or not you will apply its effect when performing damage calculation. If you choose to apply the effect, you detach 1 Xyz Material from "Bujintei Kagutsuchi" immediately after damage calculation. In this case, it will no longer have "Zoodiac Whiptail" attached as an Xyz Material, so you cannot activate its gained effect.
  • If you choose not to apply the effect of "Bujintei Kagutsuchi", you can activate the effect gained from "Zoodiac Whiptail" after "Bujintei Kagutsuchi" has been determined to be destroyed in damage calculation. (The destroyed "Bujintei Kagutsuchi" will be sent to the Graveyard normally at the end of the Damage Step).

  ---

• For this kind of effects we identify the card (1) that applies the substitution effect for effect destruction, the card (2) that is being destroyed, and the card (3) that is substituting for (2)'s destruction (sometimes (1) and (3) are the same card). If multiple cards among (1), (2) and (3) are being destroyed simultaneously:

  	What "would" be destroyed			What happens
  	(1)	(2)	(3)
  Mandatory (1)	✔️/❌	✔️	✔️	Substitution works successfully (1) is or is not destroyed, (2) is protected and (3) is substituted[1]. Example If both "Spirit of the Six Samurai" (1)=(3) and the monster (2) it is equipped to would be destroyed at the same time by an effect such as "Final Destiny", effect of "Spirit of the Six Samurai" will be applied, "Spirit of the Six Samurai" will be destroyed instead, and the monster it was equipped to will remain on the field.
  Optional (1)	✔️/❌	✔️	❌	Substitution works successfully (1) is or is not destroyed, (2) is protected and (3) is substituted[3]. Example Your opponent activates "Icarus Attack", targeting "Megalosmasher X" (2) and "Lost World" (1) on your field. Even if "Lost World" and a Normal Monster on the field would be destroyed at the same time, as in this scenario, you can apply the effect of "Lost World" that destroys Dinosaur-Type monsters in your hand or Deck (3) instead. In this scenario, "Lost World" itself is destroyed by the effect of "Icarus Attack", but "Megalosmasher X" is not destroyed, and you destroy 1 Dinosaur-Type monster in your hand or Deck instead.
  Optional (1)	✔️/❌	✔️	✔️	Substitution cannot be attempted (1) is or is not destroyed, (2) is destroyed and (3) is destroyed[5]. Example Your opponent activates "Icarus Attack", targeting your face-up "Orcustrated Babel" (2) in the Field Zone and "Orcustrated Core" (1)=(3) in the Spell & Trap Zone. In this scenario, since "Orcustrated Core" itself would be destroyed by "Icarus Attack", you cannot apply its effect and send it to the Graveyard instead.
  Optional (1) but (3) cannot be destroyed due to a card's effect	✔️/❌	✔️	✔️	Substitution works successfully (1) is or is not destroyed, (2) is protected and (3) is substituted[4]. Example "Ib the World Chalice Priestess" (1)=(3) is in your Main Monster Zone, and "Ningirsu the World Chalice Warrior" (2) is in a Main Monster Zone adjacent to it. In this situation, if your opponent activates "Dark Hole", since "Ib the World Chalice Priestess" is also linked to "Ningirsu the World Chalice Warrior", its first effect prevents it from being destroyed by battle or card effects, so it will not be destroyed by "Dark Hole". As a result, since "Ningirsu the World Chalice Warrior" would be destroyed, you can apply the effect of "Ib the World Chalice Priestess" and send it to the Graveyard instead.

Effect interactions

• Banish instead of sending to the Graveyard
  The effect of "Banisher of the Light", "Macro Cosmos", "Banisher of the Radiance", or "Dimensional Fissure" (1) is applying. A card's effect (2), that prevents a card (3) from being destroyed by sending a card (4) to the graveyard instead, can be applied when (3) would be destroyed even when (1) would banish (4). In this case, (3) will not be destroyed and (4) will be banished by the effect of (1)^[6].
  Example

  "Macro Cosmos" is face-up in your opponent's Spell & Trap Zone. In this situation, if a "Cherubini, Ebon Angel of the Burning Abyss" in your Extra Monster Zone would be destroyed by battle, or by an opponent's card effect, you can apply its "you can send 1 other card you control to the Graveyard instead" effect. If you do, the card you choose to be sent to the Graveyard will not end up in the Graveyard, but will be banished by "Macro Cosmos"' effect instead. However, "Cherubini, Ebon Angel of the Burning Abyss" will not be destroyed, and will remain in the Monster Zone (However, note that you need to choose the replacement card from among the cards that are not about to be destroyed. This is the case regardless of whether or not the effect of "Macro Cosmos" is applying).

  ---

• Cannot be destroyed once/next/first time per turn
  Optional substitution effects (1) cannot be applied to protect another card (2) if the substituting card itself (3) would also be destroyed at the point in time the substitution effect (1) applies. In which case both (2) and (3) will be destroyed. This is true even if an effect that would prevent (3) from being destroyed once/next/first time per turn is applying: the substitution effect cannot be applied^[7].
  Example

  You control "Hugin the Runick Wings" and a Field Spell. "Runick Slumber"'s effect has been applied to "Hugin the Runick Wings", and as a result,"the next time [it] would be destroyed by battle or card effect this turn, it is not destroyed." In this situation, "Black Rose Dragon"'s "destroy all cards on the field" effect now resolves. You cannot apply "Hugin the Runick Wings"'s "if another card(s) you control would be destroyed by card effect, you can banish this card you control instead" effect.

  ---

• Continuous destroys/sends itself (self-destruct/self-send)
  Substituting for continuous attempts to destroy can be attempted, though futile^[8].
  Example

  You have "Toon Kingdom" face-up on your side of the field, and you activate "Comic Hand" by targeting an opponent's "Spirit Reaper". When "Comic Hand" resolves, you take control of the "Spirit Reaper" that was targeted, and it will be treated as a Toon monster. After you gain control of "Spirit Reaper", its effect that destroys it when it is targeted by a card or effect will apply. In this case, you can apply the last effect of "Toon Kingdom" once, and banish the top card of your Deck face-down, but the effect of "Spirit Reaper" will immediately apply again, resulting in "Spirit Reaper" being destroyed.

  ---

• Unaffected
  Substitution does not affect the protected monster^[9].
  Example

  If your "Horus the Black Flame Dragon LV6", which is unaffected by Spell effects due to its own effect, would be destroyed by battle or card effect, you can apply the effect of "Return of the Dragon Lords" in my Graveyard.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Mandatory substitution applies even if the card itself would also be destroyed
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Precise sequence of events when substituting for destruction by battle
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Simultaneous destruction and substitution effects
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Substituting for multiple destruction using a card that cannot be destroyed
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Optional substitution cannot apply if the card itself would also be destroyed
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Macro Cosmos "Cherubini, Ebon Angel of the Burning Abyss"
7. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Hugin the Runick Wings", "Runick Slumber"
8. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Substituting for continuous attempts to destroy can be attempted, though futile
9. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Substitution does not affect the protected monster

---

Examples
	Chaos Summoning Beast You can Tribute this card; Special Summon 1 "Uria, Lord of Searing Flames", "Hamon, Lord of Striking Thunder", or "Raviel, Lord of Phantasms", from your hand, ignoring its Summoning conditions. You can banish this card from your GY; add 1 "Fallen Paradise" from your Deck to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Chaos Summoning Beast" once per turn.
	Ancient Gear Catapult While you control no monsters: Target 1 face-up card you control; destroy it, and if you do, Special Summon 1 "Ancient Gear" monster from your Deck, ignoring its Summoning conditions. You can banish this card from your GY, then target 1 face-up card you control; destroy it, and if you do, Special Summon 1 "Ancient Gear Token" (Machine/EARTH/Level 1/ATK 0/DEF 0). You can only use 1 "Ancient Gear Catapult" effect per turn, and only once that turn.
	Hyper Blaze To Special Summon "Uria, Lord of Searing Flames" using its own procedure, you can also use face-down Traps you control. Once per battle, when an attack is declared involving your "Uria, Lord of Searing Flames": You can send 1 Trap from your hand or Deck to the GY; its ATK/DEF become the number of face-up Traps on the field and in the GYs x 1000, for the rest of this turn. Once per turn: You can discard 1 card; add to your hand or Special Summon, 1 "Uria, Lord of Searing Flames", "Hamon, Lord of Striking Thunder", or "Raviel, Lord of Phantasms" from your GY, ignoring its Summoning conditions.

• Cards with effects that say "ignoring its Summoning conditions" can Special Summon Special Summon monsters from the Deck, Extra Deck or hand (private knowledge) without Special Summoning them by the proper procedure^[1].
  Example

  "Infernoid Onuncu" can be Special Summoned from the Deck by the effect of "A Wild Monster Appears!".

  ---

• In order to Special Summon a Special Summon Monster from the Graveyard, even ignoring its Summoning Conditions, that monster must first have been Special Summoned properly, then sent to the Graveyard. The same applies to Special Summon Monsters that are in your Extra Deck face-up, banished face-up, Spell & Trap Zone and Pendulum Zone (public knowledge)^[2][3].

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 84
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Proper Summoning and ignoring Summoning Conditions
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Improper Special Summoning of improperly Special Summoned monsters, from the Spell & Trap Zone

---

Examples
	I:P Masquerena 2 non-Link Monsters During your opponent's Main Phase, you can (Quick Effect): Immediately after this effect resolves, Link Summon 1 Link Monster using materials you control, including this card. You can only use this effect of "I:P Masquerena" once per turn. A Link Monster that used this card as material cannot be destroyed by your opponent's card effects.
	Arrivalrivals During the Battle Phase: Immediately after this effect resolves, Normal Summon 1 monster. You can only activate 1 "Arrivalrivals" per turn.
	Urgent Tuning During the Battle Phase: Immediately after this effect resolves, Synchro Summon 1 Synchro Monster using monsters you control.

• If an effect that Summon states "Immediately after this effect resolves", it instructs a player to perform a Synchro, Xyz, Pendulum, or Link Summon at the resolution of the Chain Link^[1].
• A monster summoned by such effects is not considered to have been "Special Summoned by an activated Monster/Spell/Trap effect". This condition is met only if a player activates card effect, and a monster is Special Summoned by that effect during the resolution of the resulting Chain Link. A Summon being performed due to "Immediately after this effect resolves" way does not meet this requirement.^[1].
• If this kind of effect first summon some monsters from a location(s) to the field then performs the Special Summon with the monsters summoned:
  • You have to use all the monsters summoned to perform the Special Summon^[2].
    Example

    If you activate "Geargia Change" by targeting exatctly 3 "Geargiano" monsters in your Graveyard, you must use all three of the Special Summoned monsters as material for the Xyz Summon. It is not possible to activate "Geargia Change" by targeting 3 monsters, and then only use 2 of the 3 Special Summoned monsters as material for the Xyz Summon.

    ---

  • The timing of summoning the monsters and then performing the Special Summon immediately afters are two separate timings that don't happen at the same time ("then" conjunctive)^[3].
    Example

    You activate "Advanced Heraldry Art" while "Soul Levy" is face-up in your opponent's Spell & Trap Zone, and the effect of "Soul Levy" is applied each time you Special Summon. The effect of "Advanced Heraldry Art" Special Summons the 2 targeted "Heraldic Beast" monsters from your Graveyard, then finishes resolving. After "Advanced Heraldry Art" resolves, the effect of "Soul Levy" is applied and sends 3 cards from the top of your Deck to the Graveyard. Then, when you perform the Xyz Summon using the 2 Special Summoned monsters as materials, the effect of "Soul Levy" is applied again and sends another 3 cards from the top of your Deck to the Graveyard. In this case, the first set of 3 cards sent to the Graveyard and the second set of 3 cards sent to the Graveyard are not treated as being sent at the same time.

    ---

Effect interactions

• Can only control 1: "Rivalry of Warlords"/"Gozen Match" like
  "There Can Be Only One" (1) is set on your opponent's field^[4].
  • You can activate an effect (2) as Chain Link 1 that summons back monsters (3) from a location (like the Graveyard) to the field and immediately after at resolution performs a Special Summon of a monster (4)
  • Your opponent chains as Chain Link 2 (1). The chain resolves backwards, and you have to summon monsters that don't violate (1), which means they have a different Type from the monsters you control. If you do not have any, (2) resolves without summoning anything.
  • When (3) are summoned back to the field, if two or more monsters in (3) have the same Type, due to (1) you have to keep monsters till you only control one of the same Type. If doing so the number of monsters summoned (3) changes and you cannot summon (4) anymore, then (2) resolves without performing the Special Summon.
  Example

  The only monster in your Monster Zone is "Bujinki Ahashima". If you activate its effect that Special Summons 2 monsters with the same Level and performs an Xyz Summon, if your opponent chains "There Can Be Only One", since "Bujinki Ahashima" is a Beast-Warrior monster, you cannot Special Summon any Beast-Warrior monsters from your hand or Graveyard with its effect. If you do not have any non-Beast-Warrior monsters in your hand or Graveyard to Special Summon, you cannot Special Summon any monsters. If, for example, you Special Summon a Winged Beast-Type "Bujingi Crane" from your hand and a Beast-Type "Bujingi Turtle" from your Graveyard, you can then perform an Xyz Summon using those 2 monsters. However, if you choose 1 "Bujingi Crane" from your hand and 1 "Bujingi Crane" from your Graveyard, both are Special Summoned successfully, but the effect of "There Can Be Only One" will be applied, you must send 1 of the "Bujingi Crane"s to the Graveyard, and the Xyz Summon cannot be performed.

  ---

• Leaves the field because of an opponent's card effect
  Monsters used as materials in this way do not "leave the field by a card effect"^[5].
  Example

  Your opponent resolved the effect of their "Unchained Soul of Disaster" by targeting your "Sky Striker Ace - Kagari", Link Summoning "Unchained Soul of Rage" using both of these monsters. You cannot activate the effect of a "Sky Striker Ace - Raye" in your Graveyard. The monster is not considered to have left the field due to your opponent's card effect.

  ---

• Negate Activation of Cards
  The activation of a card or of an effect that "Immediately after this effect resolves, [method] Summon [X]" can be negated by cards that are able to negate "effects that include an effect that Special Summons a monster(s)"^[6].
  Example

  "Tearlaments Rulkallos" can be chained to the activation of "I:P Masquerena"'s effect. The activation of "I:P Masquerena"'s effect is considered to "include an effect that Special Summons a monster(s)".

  ---

• Negate Activation of Effects
  The activation of a card or of an effect that "Immediately after this effect resolves, [method] Summon [X]" can be negated by cards that are able to negate "effects that include an effect that Special Summons a monster(s)"^[6].
  Example

  "Tearlaments Rulkallos" can be chained to the activation of "I:P Masquerena"'s effect. The activation of "I:P Masquerena"'s effect is considered to "include an effect that Special Summons a monster(s)".

  ---

• Negate Summons
  The Summon of that monster(s) can be negated if the effect resolves as Chain Link 1^[7].
  Example

  If "Tenpai Dragon Chundra"'s effect of was activated as Chain Link 1, the effect of "Sauravis, the Ancient and Ascended" can be activated during the attempt to Synchro Summon; if the effect of "Tenpai Dragon Chundra" was activated as Chain Link 2 or higher, it cannot be.

  ---

• Properties Changing
  An effect (1) is applying that changes properties of monsters face-up on the field.
  • You can activate an effect (2) that summons back monsters (3) from a location (like the Graveyard) to the field and immediately after at resolution performs a Special Summon of a monster (4), as long as (3) and their properties satisfied the summoning requirements for (4) when (3) were in their original location (like the Graveyard).
  • But when (3) are summoned back to the field, as (1) is applying, if (1) changes (3)'s properties so that you can't summon (4) at resolution anymore, you must summon another monster that can be summoned with (3) after their properties have changed from the same location(s) of (4).
  • If there are no monsters that can be summoned from the location(s) of (4), after summoning back (3), (2) resolves without performing the Special Summon^[8].
  Example

  "Stygian Dirge" is face-up on the field. You can activate "Geargia Change" targeting "Geargiano" monsters that are Level 3 in your Graveyard, as long as you are able to Xyz Summon a Rank 3 monster using the targeted monsters. In this scenario, since the Levels of the targeted monsters are reduced by 1 after being Special Summoned, you cannot Xyz Summon a Rank 3 monster, and you must instead Xyz Summon a Rank 2 monster if one exists in your Extra Deck. At this time, if you do not have a Rank 2 monster in your Extra Deck, the Xyz Summon is not performed.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "I:P Masquerena", "Granguignol the Dusk Dragon"
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Immediately after, Summon using those monsters" and needing to use all monsters
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Exact timing of immediately-afters
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Floodgates & summon-immediately-after
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Unchained Soul of Disaster", "Sky Striker Ace - Raye"
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Special Summons caused by a card effect, and whether the effect includes Special Summoning
7. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Tenpai Dragon Chundra", "Sauravis, the Ancient and Ascended"
8. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Summon-immediately-after & monsters' properties changing after being Summoned

---

Examples
	Elemental HERO Absolute Zero 1 "HERO" monster + 1 WATER monster Must be Fusion Summoned. Gains 500 ATK for each WATER monster on the field, except "Elemental HERO Absolute Zero". If this card leaves the field: Destroy all monsters your opponent controls.
	Prayers of the Voiceless Voice This card can be used to Ritual Summon any LIGHT Ritual Monster. You must also Tribute LIGHT monsters from your hand or field whose total Levels equal or exceed the Level of the Ritual Monster. If a face-up LIGHT Ritual Monster(s) you control leaves the field by an opponent's card effect (except during the Damage Step): You can banish this card from your GY; Special Summon 1 "Sauravis, the Ancient and Ascended", "Saffira, Queen of Dragons", or "Skull Guardian, Protector of the Voiceless Voice" from your hand or Deck, ignoring its Summoning conditions. You can only use this effect of "Prayers of the Voiceless Voice" once per turn.
	Waking the Dragon If this Set card in its owner's control has left the field because of an opponent's effect, and is now in the GY or banished: You can Special Summon 1 monster from your Deck or Extra Deck.

• Some cards have effects that activate when they or another card(s) "leave the field". For example, these effects activate when a monster is sent to the Graveyard, or is banished, or is returned to the hand or Extra Deck^[1].
• When a monster on the field is shuffled into the Deck, or becomes an Xyz Material, it is no longer a card on the field, however its effects that activate when it "leaves the field" will not activate. Deck includes both Main and Extra Deck^[1].

Effect interactions

• Equipping Monsters
  A monster on the field becoming an Equip Spell is not treated as the monster "leaving the field"^[2].
• Negate Activation of Cards
  Negating a card's activation (not effect's activation) removes it from the field, but is not treated as leaving the field^[3].
  Example

  A "Super Soldier Shield" was set on the field by its own effect. That "Super Soldier Shield" is activated, and it has its activation negated by "Seven Tools of the Bandit". Since the "Super Soldier Shield" that has its activation negated by "Seven Tools of the Bandit" is not considered to leave the field, it is not banished and is destroyed and sent to the Graveyard normally.

  ---

• Place a card on the field in your Spell/Trap/Pendulum Zone
  Placing a monster on the field in a Spell/Trap/Pendulum Zone is not treated as the monster "leaving the field". However, the effects of "Pumprincess the Princess of Ghosts", of "Dragunity Javelin", or of "Tiki Soul", may place destroyed monsters in the Spell & Trap Zone instead. In this case, that monster is treated as having left the field first^[2].
• Place a card on the field in your Spell/Trap/Pendulum Zone instead of destroying it
  Placing a monster on the field in a Spell/Trap/Pendulum Zone is not treated as the monster "leaving the field". However, the effects of "Pumprincess the Princess of Ghosts", of "Dragunity Javelin", or of "Tiki Soul", may place destroyed monsters in the Spell & Trap Zone instead. In this case, that monster is treated as having left the field first^[2].
• Return/Shuffle to the Deck
  When a monster on the field is shuffled into the Deck, it is no longer a card on the field, however its effects that activate when it "leaves the field" will not activate^[1]. Deck includes both Main and Extra Deck.

References:

1. Official KONAMI's 2021 rules update
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Relay Soul" and monster moved to Spell & Trap Zone
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Negating a card's activation removes it from the field, but is not treated as leaving the field

---

Examples
	Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon "Fallen of Albaz" + 1 Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, or Link Monster You can only control 1 "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon". Once per turn (Quick Effect): You can send 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck to the GY that mentions "Fallen of Albaz" as material; banish 1 monster on the field, also this card cannot use this effect next turn. If this Fusion Summoned card in its owner's control leaves the field because of an opponent's card: You can destroy all monsters your opponent controls during the End Phase of this turn.
	Chaos Archfiend 1 LIGHT Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner DARK monsters If any card(s) have been banished this turn, this card gains 2000 ATK. This card can attack all monsters your opponent controls, once each, also banish any monster destroyed by battle with this card. If this card in its owner's control leaves the field because of an opponent's card: You can Special Summon 1 "Chaos" Synchro Monster from your Extra Deck, except "Chaos Archfiend". You can only use this effect of "Chaos Archfiend" once per turn.
	Mementotlan Bone Back If a face-up "Memento" monster(s) you control leaves the field because of an opponent's card: Special Summon 1 "Mementoal Tecuhtlica - Combined Creation" from your hand or Deck, ignoring its Summoning conditions. If your opponent moves a "Memento" monster(s) out of your GY, while this card is in your GY (except during the Damage Step): You can banish this card; Special Summon as many "Memento" monsters as possible with different names from your hand and/or Deck. You can only use each effect of "Mementotlan Bone Back" once per turn.

Effect interactions

• Text that determines Materials and Summoning procedures
  A monster you that leaves the field because used as a material (for example as Tribute or Link material) for an opponent's monster summoning procedures, it counts as having left the field by your opponent's card^[1].
  Example

  You control a Fusion Summoned "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon", and your opponent Tributes it to Special Summon "Gadarla, the Mystery Dust Kaiju" to my field. "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon" is considered to have left the field by the opponent and it can activate its effect. Also, if your opponent sends that "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon" to the Graveyard as Link Material for the Link Summon of "Underworld Goddess of the Closed World", that effect can be activated as well.

  ---

• Equipping Monsters
  If your opponent fails to equip a monster you control to a monster your opponent's controls, this is not treated as "leaving the field because of your opponent's card"^[2].
  Example

  Your opponent activates the effect of their "Relinquished Anima", targeting your Fusion Summoned "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon". In response, you activate the effect of "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon", which banishes a monster on the field. When this chain resolves, you banish "Relinquished Anima", therefore, "Relinquished Anima" no longer exists on the field when its effect resolves, and "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon" is sent to the Graveyard instead of becoming an Equip Card. In the situation, "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon" is not treated as being sent to the Graveyard by your opponent. Therefore, that effect of "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon" cannot be activated.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Leaves the field by your opponent" and Summoning procedures
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Leaves the field by your opponent" and failing to equip

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Examples
	Krawler Spine FLIP: You can target 1 monster on the field; destroy that monster. If this face-up card in its owner's control leaves the field because of an opponent's card effect: You can Special Summon 2 "Krawler" monsters with different names from your Deck in face-down Defense Position, except "Krawler Spine". You can only use each effect of "Krawler Spine" once per turn.
	Prayers of the Voiceless Voice This card can be used to Ritual Summon any LIGHT Ritual Monster. You must also Tribute LIGHT monsters from your hand or field whose total Levels equal or exceed the Level of the Ritual Monster. If a face-up LIGHT Ritual Monster(s) you control leaves the field by an opponent's card effect (except during the Damage Step): You can banish this card from your GY; Special Summon 1 "Sauravis, the Ancient and Ascended", "Saffira, Queen of Dragons", or "Skull Guardian, Protector of the Voiceless Voice" from your hand or Deck, ignoring its Summoning conditions. You can only use this effect of "Prayers of the Voiceless Voice" once per turn.
	War Rock Big Blow During the Main Phase, if a face-up "War Rock" monster(s) you control leaves the field by an opponent's card effect: Destroy up to 2 cards your opponent controls. You can only activate 1 "War Rock Big Blow" per turn.

Effect interactions

• Immediately after this effect resolves, [method] Summon [X]
  Monsters used as materials in this way do not "leave the field by a card effect"^[1].
  Example

  Your opponent resolved the effect of their "Unchained Soul of Disaster" by targeting your "Sky Striker Ace - Kagari", Link Summoning "Unchained Soul of Rage" using both of these monsters. You cannot activate the effect of a "Sky Striker Ace - Raye" in your Graveyard. The monster is not considered to have left the field due to your opponent's card effect.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Unchained Soul of Disaster", "Sky Striker Ace - Raye"

---

Examples
	Apoqliphort Towers Cannot be Special Summoned. Requires 3 "Qli" Tributes to Normal Summon/Set. If this card is Normal Summoned/Set, it is unaffected by Spell/Trap effects and by activated effects from any monster whose original Level/Rank is lower than this card's current Level. All Special Summoned monsters lose 500 ATK and DEF. Once per turn: You can make your opponent send 1 monster from their hand or their side of the field to the Graveyard (their choice).
	Herald of the Abyss Pay 1500 LP and declare 1 Monster Type and 1 Attribute; your opponent must send 1 face-up monster with the declared Type and Attribute from their field to the GY, if possible. For the rest of this turn, your opponent cannot activate the effects of monsters with that sent monster's name. You can only activate 1 "Herald of the Abyss" per turn.
	There Can Be Only One Each player can only control 1 monster of each Type. If a player controls 2 or more monsters of the same Type, they must send some to the GY so they control no more than 1 monster of that Type.

• Cards sent to the Graveyard by this procedure are not considered to be sent to the Graveyard by a card effect.
  Example

  The opponent sent a "Shaddoll Falco" to the Graveyard as a result of the effect of "Apoqliphort Towers" that "makes the opponent send a monster to the Graveyard". At that time, even if the opponent sent "Shaddoll Falco" to the Graveyard, that "Shaddoll Falco" is not considered to be sent to the Graveyard by a card effect. Therefore, the effect of "Shaddoll Falco" that Special Summons itself cannot be activated.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters sent by Apoqliphort Towers's effect are not considered sent to the GY by a card effect

---

Examples
	Berserk Gorilla If this card is in face-up Defense Position, destroy this card. This card must attack if able.
	Nightmare Pain During your Main Phase: You can destroy 1 DARK monster in your hand or face-up field, and if you do, add 1 "Yubel", or 1 card that mentions it, from your Deck to your hand, except "Nightmare Pain". You can only use this effect of "Nightmare Pain" once per turn. While you control a "Yubel" monster, your opponent's monsters that can attack must attack "Yubel" monsters. Your opponent takes any battle damage you would have taken from battles involving your "Yubel" monsters.
	Terra Firma Gravity During your opponent's Battle Phase, if you control "Elemental HERO Terra Firma": This turn, all Level 4 or lower monsters your opponent controls that can attack a face-up "Elemental HERO Terra Firma" you control must attack it, and cannot otherwise attack.

Effect interactions

• Cannot target for attacks
  If you control a monster (1) that says "monsters your opponent controls that can attack must attack this card" and a card that prevents (1) from being targeted for attacks, your opponent's monsters must attack (1) due to its effect^[1].
  Example

  If you control a "Puppet Rook", which is treated as a Fiend due to a card effect, and a "Labrynth Archfiend", your opponent's monsters must attack "Puppet Rook" due to its effect.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Must attack" & "cannot be targeted for attacks"

---

Examples
	Toadally Awesome 2 Level 2 Aqua monsters Once per turn, during the Standby Phase: You can detach 1 material from this card; Special Summon 1 "Frog" monster from your Deck. Once per turn, when your opponent activates a Spell/Trap Card, or monster effect (Quick Effect): You can send 1 Aqua monster from your hand or face-up field to the GY; negate the activation, and if you do, destroy that card, then you can Set it to your field. If this card is sent to the GY: You can target 1 WATER monster in your GY; add it to your hand.
	My Body as a Shield When your opponent activates a Spell/Trap Card or monster effect that would destroy a monster(s) on the field: Pay 1500 LP; negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it.
	Seven Tools of the Bandit When a Trap Card is activated: Pay 1000 LP; negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it.

• If the activation of a card or effect is negated, the effect is not applied^[1].
• If the activation of the card is negated, that card is sent to the Graveyard^[1][2].
• Effects that negate the activations of Spell/Trap Cards can negate the activation of the card by activating when those cards that would be negated are placed face-up on the field^[1].
• If the activation of the card is negated, its effect does not resolve^[1].
• Effects that negate activations must be activated in a chain directly to the activation of the effect they aim to negate^[1].
  Example

  If the opponent activates "Mystical Space Typhoon", you pass priority to activate cards, and the opponent activates another card in a chain, you cannot activate a card that negates the activations of Spell Cards like "Magic Jammer" to negate the activation of "Mystical Space Typhoon".

  ---

Effect interactions

• Immediately after this effect resolves, [method] Summon [X]
  The activation of a card or of an effect that "Immediately after this effect resolves, [method] Summon [X]" can be negated by cards that are able to negate "effects that include an effect that Special Summons a monster(s)"^[3].
  Example

  "Tearlaments Rulkallos" can be chained to the activation of "I:P Masquerena"'s effect. The activation of "I:P Masquerena"'s effect is considered to "include an effect that Special Summons a monster(s)".

  ---

• Leaves the field
  Negating a card's activation (not effect's activation) removes it from the field, but is not treated as leaving the field^[4].
  Example

  A "Super Soldier Shield" was set on the field by its own effect. That "Super Soldier Shield" is activated, and it has its activation negated by "Seven Tools of the Bandit". Since the "Super Soldier Shield" that has its activation negated by "Seven Tools of the Bandit" is not considered to leave the field, it is not banished and is destroyed and sent to the Graveyard normally.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 153-154
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Light and Darkness Dragon" and negating activation of a Continuous Spell Card
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Special Summons caused by a card effect, and whether the effect includes Special Summoning
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Negating a card's activation removes it from the field, but is not treated as leaving the field

---

If Pendulum Monsters are placed in the Pendulum Zone, this is treated as the activation of a Spell Card. If their activation is negated by the effect of a card that negates the activation of Spells, since they are not treated as being sent from the field to the Graveyard, they are sent to the Graveyard like any other card.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 75

---

Examples
	Baronne de Fleur 1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters Once per turn: You can target 1 card on the field; destroy it. Once while face-up on the field, when a card or effect is activated (Quick Effect): You can negate the activation, and if you do, destroy that card. You can only use the previous effect of "Baronne de Fleur" once per turn. Once per turn, during the Standby Phase: You can target 1 Level 9 or lower monster in your GY; return this card to the Extra Deck, and if you do, Special Summon that monster.
	Borreload Savage Dragon 1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters If this card is Synchro Summoned: You can equip 1 Link Monster from your GY to this card, and if you do, place Borrel Counters on this card equal to that Link Monster's Link Rating. This card gains ATK equal to half the ATK of the monster equipped to it by its effect. When your opponent activates a card or effect (Quick Effect): You can remove 1 Borrel Counter from this card; negate the activation. You can only use this effect of "Borreload Savage Dragon" once per turn.
	Madolche Nights When a monster effect is activated, if you have no monsters in your GY: Negate the activation, then if you control "Madolche Puddingcess", shuffle 1 random card from your opponent's hand into the Deck.

• If the activation of an effect is negated, the resolution of that effect is not performed^[2].
• If the activation of the effect of a card on the field is negated, that card remains on the field^[1].
• Unless stated otherwise, cards that have the activation of their effects negated are not moved from their location. If the effect says something like "negate the activation, and if you do, destroy it", after being negated, the card is destroyed and sent to the Graveyard^[1].
• Effects that negate the activations of the effects of Spells, Traps, or Effect Monsters and destroy them can negate the activation of cards that are placed face-up on the field to be activated, as well as when a face-up card on the field or one in the hand, Graveyard, etc. activates its effect^[2].
• The effect that negates activations must be activated in a chain directly to the activation of the effect that would be negated^[2].

Effect interactions

• Change to Face-down Defense Position
  A monster (1) activates its effect and an effect that negates the activation of the effects (2) is chained to negate the activations of the effects of (1). Then an effect that flips monsters to face-down Defense Position (3) is chained to flip (1). The the Chain resolves in reverse order and (1) will still negate the (2)'s effects activation^[3].
  Example

  When you Tribute Summon "Mobius the Frost Monarch", you activate its effect. However, your opponent activates the effect of "Stardust Dragon" in response. If you now further activate "Book of Moon" by targeting your "Mobius the Frost Monarch", this chain resolves backwards, and causes "Mobius the Frost Monarch" to be face-down by the time "Stardust Dragon"'s effect resolves. Even if "Mobius the Frost Monarch" is changed to face-down Defense Position, the effect of "Stardust Dragon" will still negate the activation of "Mobius the Frost Monarch"'s effect, and destroy "Mobius the Frost Monarch".

  ---

• Immediately after this effect resolves, [method] Summon [X]
  The activation of a card or of an effect that "Immediately after this effect resolves, [method] Summon [X]" can be negated by cards that are able to negate "effects that include an effect that Special Summons a monster(s)"^[4].
  Example

  "Tearlaments Rulkallos" can be chained to the activation of "I:P Masquerena"'s effect. The activation of "I:P Masquerena"'s effect is considered to "include an effect that Special Summons a monster(s)".

  ---

• Unaffected
  Negating an effect's activation affects the activating card^[5].
  Example

  Your opponent activates the effect of "Master Peace, the True Dracoslaying King" that destroys 1 other card on the field, while it is also unaffected by monster and Trap effects as a result of being Tribute Summoned by Tributing a monster and a Continuous Trap Card. In this case, if you chain "Recall", since "Master Peace, the True Dracoslaying King" is unaffected by Trap Cards, the activation of its effect is not negated by "Recall" and it is not destroyed, so its effect destroys the targeted card normally. Even in that case, your opponent draws 1 card.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 153
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 154
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Negating the activation of a monster's activated effect while it is face-down
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Special Summons caused by a card effect, and whether the effect includes Special Summoning
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Negating an effect's activation affects the activating card

---

Examples
	Ash Blossom & Joyous Spring When a card or effect is activated that includes any of these effects (Quick Effect): You can discard this card; negate that effect. ● Add a card from the Deck to the hand. ● Special Summon from the Deck. ● Send a card from the Deck to the GY. You can only use this effect of "Ash Blossom & Joyous Spring" once per turn.
	Dragon's Light and Darkness Activate 1 of these effects (but you can only use each effect of "Dragon's Light and Darkness" once per turn); ● Shuffle 1 Level 8 Dragon monster from your hand into the Deck and add 1 Level 8 Dragon monster with a different Attribute from your Deck to your hand. ● Target 1 Dragon monster you control; it gains ATK equal to its Level x 200. ● When a card or effect is activated that targets a Dragon monster you control: Negate that effect.
	Dominus Impulse If your opponent controls a card, you can activate this card from your hand. When a card or effect is activated that includes an effect that Special Summons a monster(s): Negate that effect, then if you have a Trap in your GY, destroy that card. If you activated this card from your hand, you cannot activate the effects of LIGHT, EARTH, and WIND monsters for the rest of this Duel. You can only activate 1 "Dominus Impulse" per turn.

• If an effect that simply negates effects is activated in a chain to the activation of a card, the activation of the card is not negated and its effect is not applied afterwards^[1].
• Even if the effect of an activated card is negated, that effect is negated but its resolution is still treated as being performed^[1].
  Example

  While the effect of "Royal Decree" that says "Negate all other Trap Card effects on the field." is being applied, if "Raigeki Break" is activated by discarding "Archfiend of Gilfer" as a cost, the effect of "Raigeki Break" is negated, but since the timing is treated as that effect being resolved, the effect of the discarded "Archfiend of Gilfer" that says "When this card is sent to the Graveyard: You can target 1 face-up monster on the field; equip that target with this card." cannot be activated.

  ---

• Even if a card's effect is being negated (such as by "Skill Drain"), it is still possible to activate its effects (which would require paying the cost)^[2].
• The "its effects are negated" effect can primarily be applied to Effect Monsters whose effects are not yet negated^[3][4].

Effect interactions

• Banish
  A monster (1) activates its effect and an effect that banish cards (2) is chained to banish (1). Then an effect that negates monster's effects (3) is chained to negate (1). The Chain resolves in reverse order, the effect of (3) will be applied and (1) will be banished due to the effect of (2), and the effect of (1) will still be negated^[5].
  Example

  You chained "Interdimensional Matter Transporter" to the activation of the effect of "Judgment Dragon", and then further chained "Forbidden Chalice". In this case, the Chain resolving in reverse order causes the "Judgment Dragon" that was affected by "Forbidden Chalice" to be banished. Its effect will be negated.

  ---

• Change to Face-down Defense Position
  Consider effects that say "when an effect is activated: [cost]; negate the/that effect" (negating activated effect) like "Ash Blossom & Joyous Spring". A monster (1) activates its effect and an effect that negates monster's activated effects (2) is chained to negate the activated effects of (1). Then an effect that flips monsters to face-down Defense Position (3) is chained to flip (1). The Chain resolves in reverse order, (1) changes to face-down Defense Position due to the effect of (2), and the effects of (1) will still be negated^[6]
  Example

  When my Level 5 or higher monster activates its effect, "Xyz Wrath" is activated in response. If "Book of Moon" is then activated in response, causing the Level 5 or higher monster to be in face-down Defense Position by the time "Xyz Wrath" resolves, the effect of "Xyz Wrath" will be applied normally (the activated effect is negated, and the monster is destroyed).

  ---

• Return/Add to the Hand
  A monster (1) activates its effect and an effect that returns cards to the hand (2) is chained to return (1) to the hand. Then an effect that negates monster's effects (3) is chained to negate (1). The Chain resolves in reverse order, the effect of (3) will be applied and (1) will be returned to the hand due to the effect of (2), and the effect of (1) will still be negated^[5].
  Example

  You chained "Compulsory Evacuation Device" to the activation of the effect of "Judgment Dragon", and then further chained "Forbidden Chalice". In this case, the Chain resolving in reverse order causes the "Judgment Dragon" that was affected by "Forbidden Chalice" to be returned to the hand. Its effect will be negated.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 155
2. Yugipedia
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation legality for effect negation
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Attempting to negate a negated monster's effects
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Effects negation, and what removes/doesn't remove it
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Negating a monster's activated effect while it is face-down

---

Examples
	Hot Red Dragon Archfiend Abyss 1 Tuner + 1 non-Tuner DARK Dragon Synchro Monster (Quick Effect): You can target 1 face-up card your opponent controls; negate its effects until the end of this turn. When this card inflicts battle damage to your opponent: You can target 1 Tuner in your GY; Special Summon it in Defense Position. You can only use each effect of "Hot Red Dragon Archfiend Abyss" once per turn.
	Dark Ruler No More Negate the effects of all face-up monsters your opponent currently controls, until the end of this turn, also, for the rest of this turn after this card resolves, your opponent takes no damage. Neither player can activate monster effects in response to this card's activation.
	Skill Drain Activate this card by paying 1000 LP. Negate the effects of all face-up monsters while they are face-up on the field (but their effects can still be activated).

• If an effect that simply negates effects is activated in a chain to the activation of a card, the activation of the card is not negated and its effect is not applied afterwards^[1].
• Even if the effect of an activated card is negated, that effect is negated but its resolution is still treated as being performed^[1].
  Example

  While the effect of "Royal Decree" that says "Negate all other Trap Card effects on the field." is being applied, if "Raigeki Break" is activated by discarding "Archfiend of Gilfer" as a cost, the effect of "Raigeki Break" is negated, but since the timing is treated as that effect being resolved, the effect of the discarded "Archfiend of Gilfer" that says "When this card is sent to the Graveyard: You can target 1 face-up monster on the field; equip that target with this card." cannot be activated.

  ---

• Even if a card's effect is being negated (such as by "Skill Drain"), it is still possible to activate its effects (which would require paying the cost)^[2].
• The "its effects are negated" effect can primarily be applied to Effect Monsters whose effects are not yet negated^[3][4].
• Effects negation can apply to Effect Monsters without any effect like "Mara of the Nordic Alfar"^[5].
  Example

  If a "Dark Lucius LV6" that was Special Summoned by the effect of "Dark Lucius LV4" destroys an opponent's "Mara of the Nordic Alfar" by battle, "Mara of the Nordic Alfar" is an Effect Monster, even though it has no monster effects. Therefore, even if "Dark Lucius LV6" destroys an opponent's "Mara of the Nordic Alfar" by battle, the effect that negates the effects of monsters it destroys by battle is applied normally. Furthermore, the effect of "Dark Lucius LV6" that Special Summons a "Dark Lucius LV8" can be activated during your next Standby Phase.

  ---

Effect interactions

• Union
  If the effects of an Equip Card equipped to a monster are negated, the effects are negated but it remains on the field equipped to the equipped monster^[6].
  Example

  While the Union monster "Armored Cybern" is equipped to a monster, if the effect of "Silent Swordsman LV7" that says "Negate all Spell effects on the field." is applied, the effects of "Armored Cybern" are negated but it stays equipped to the equipped monster.

  ---

• Gemini
  
  • Gemini monsters which are treated as Normal Monsters by their "This card is treated as a Normal Monster while face-up on the field or in the Graveyard." effect are also monsters to which the "its effects are negated" effect can be applied^[7].
• If a Gemini monster has its effects negated, it also cannot be Normal Summoned again^[8].
• If a Gemini monster treated as a Normal Monster has its effects negated, the effect that says "This card is treated as a Normal Monster while face-up on the field or in the Graveyard" is negated and it is treated as an Effect Monster^[9].
• If a Gemini monster treated as an Effect Monster has its effects negated, the effects after the "•" are negated and it is treated as an Effect Monster^[9].
  Example

  A Gemini monster that is attacked and destroyed in battle by "Dark Ruler Ha Des" has its effects negated by the effect of "Dark Ruler Ha Des" that says "Negate the effects of monsters destroyed by battle with Fiend-Type monsters you control", and it is treated as an Effect Monster as long as it is in the Graveyard.

  ---

• Counters
  
  • If counters that can only be placed on a particular card like itself are placed on a card that has its effects negated, those counters are removed^[10].
    Example

    If a "Gateway to Chaos" that had Spell Counters placed on itself by its effect that says "Each time a Monster Card(s) is sent from the hand or field to the Graveyard, place 1 Spell Counter on this card for each of those cards" has its effects negated by an effect like "Silent Swordsman LV7", the Spell Counters are removed.

    ---

• If counters are placed on another card by an effect that places counters, even if the effects of that card are negated, the counters are not removed^[10].
  Example

  Ice Counters placed by the effect of "Snowdust Giant" that says "reveal any number of WATER monsters from your hand, and place that many Ice Counters on face-up monsters on the field" are not removed if "Snowdust Giant" has its effects negated.

  ---

• Attack all once each
  A monster (1) that can attack all opponent's monsters once each declares its second (or more) attack during the current Battle Phase (a continuous effect is applying). If (1)'s effects become negated^[11]:
  • If its effects are negated during the Battle Step, it will no longer be possible to continue that attack, or to make additional attacks.
  • If its effects are negated during the Damage Step (by "Forbidden Droplet" for example), damage calculation will be conducted for that attack normally.
• Attack while in face-up Defense Position
  A monster (1) is in face-up Defense Position and its effect that allows it to attack while in face-up Defense Position applies. If you declare an attack using this effect and an effect (2) that negates (1)'s effects is activated or applied^[12]:
  • If (1)'s effects are negated during the Battle Step by (2), (1) can no longer attack while being in face-up Defense Position. In this case, the attack stops without entering the Damage Step.
  • If (1)'s effects are negated during the Damage Step, the Damage Step ends without conducting Damage Calculation.
• Banish
  A monster (1) activates its effect and an effect that banish cards (2) is chained to banish (1). Then an effect that negates monster's effects (3) is chained to negate (1). The Chain resolves in reverse order, the effect of (3) will be applied and (1) will be banished due to the effect of (2), and the effect of (1) will still be negated^[13].
  Example

  You chained "Interdimensional Matter Transporter" to the activation of the effect of "Judgment Dragon", and then further chained "Forbidden Chalice". In this case, the Chain resolving in reverse order causes the "Judgment Dragon" that was affected by "Forbidden Chalice" to be banished. Its effect will be negated.

  ---

• Change to Face-down Defense Position
  Consider effects that negate effects but not the activated effects like "Forbidden Chalice". A monster (1) activates its effect and an effect that flips monsters to face-down Defense Position (2) is chained to flip (1). Then an effect that negates monster's effects (3) is chained to negate (1). Due to the Chain resolving in reverse order, the effect of (3) will not be applied once (1) changes to face-down Defense Position due to the effect of (2), so the effect of (1) will not be negated^[13].
  Example

  You chained "Book of Moon" to the activation of the effect of "Judgment Dragon", and then further chained "Forbidden Chalice". Due to the Chain resolving in reverse order, the effect of "Forbidden Chalice" will not be applied once "Judgment Dragon" changes to face-down Defense Position due to the effect of "Book of Moon", so the effect of "Judgment Dragon" will not be negated, and all other cards on the field will be destroyed.

  ---

• Equipping Monsters
  
  • If a monster that has been equipped with Equip Cards by its effect has its effects negated, they are destroyed and sent to the Graveyard^[6].
    Example

    While "Guardian of Felgrand" has been equipped with a card by its effect that says "If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can equip 1 Level 7 or 8 Dragon-Type monster from your hand or Graveyard to this card.", if the effect of "Skill Drain" is applied, the effects of "Guardian of Felgrand" are negated and the monster that was equipped is destroyed and sent to the Graveyard.

    ---

• If the effects of an Equip Card equipped to a monster are negated, the effects are negated but it remains on the field equipped to the equipped monster^[6].
  Example

  While the Union monster "Armored Cybern" is equipped to a monster, if the effect of "Silent Swordsman LV7" that says "Negate all Spell effects on the field." is applied, the effects of "Armored Cybern" are negated but it stays equipped to the equipped monster.

  ---

• Place a card on the field in your Spell/Trap/Pendulum Zone instead of destroying it
  If the effects of a card that places itself face-up in the Spell & Trap Zone when it is destroyed are being negated, that effect cannot be applied. If it is destroyed by battle or card effect it is sent to the Graveyard normally^[14].
  Example

  "Skill Drain" is face-up on the field, and its effect that negates the effects of all face-up monsters on the field is applying. In this situation, if a face-up "Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle" on the field is destroyed by battle or card effect, the effect that places it face-up in the Spell & Trap Zone as a Continuous Spell Card when it is destroyed cannot be applied. A "Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle" that is destroyed by battle or card effect is sent to the Graveyard normally.

  ---

• Properties Changing
  When a monster's effects that gained the Level, name or effect of another monster are negated, then only the Level will return to its original value^[15].
  Example

  The effect of "Infernoid Decatron" was activated, gaining the name and effects of "Infernoid Attondel" and increasing its Level by 8. Afterwards if "Infernoid Decatron" has its effects negated by the effect of "Skill Drain" being activated. In the proposed scenario, the Level of "Infernoid Decatron" that was increased by 8 returns to the original value, but the gained name remains as "Infernoid Attondel". Also, the gained effects of "Infernoid Attondel" remain gained, but they are negated by "Skill Drain".

  ---

• Properties Changing: Name changing
  When a monster's effects that gained the Level, name or effect of another monster are negated, then only the Level will return to its original value^[15].
  Example

  The effect of "Infernoid Decatron" was activated, gaining the name and effects of "Infernoid Attondel" and increasing its Level by 8. Afterwards if "Infernoid Decatron" has its effects negated by the effect of "Skill Drain" being activated. In the proposed scenario, the Level of "Infernoid Decatron" that was increased by 8 returns to the original value, but the gained name remains as "Infernoid Attondel". Also, the gained effects of "Infernoid Attondel" remain gained, but they are negated by "Skill Drain".

  ---

• Properties Changing: Copy effect continuous/lingering
  When a monster's effects that gained the Level, name or effect of another monster are negated, then only the Level will return to its original value^[15].
  Example

  The effect of "Infernoid Decatron" was activated, gaining the name and effects of "Infernoid Attondel" and increasing its Level by 8. Afterwards if "Infernoid Decatron" has its effects negated by the effect of "Skill Drain" being activated. In the proposed scenario, the Level of "Infernoid Decatron" that was increased by 8 returns to the original value, but the gained name remains as "Infernoid Attondel". Also, the gained effects of "Infernoid Attondel" remain gained, but they are negated by "Skill Drain".

  ---

• Return/Add to the Hand
  A monster (1) activates its effect and an effect that returns cards to the hand (2) is chained to return (1) to the hand. Then an effect that negates monster's effects (3) is chained to negate (1). The Chain resolves in reverse order, the effect of (3) will be applied and (1) will be returned to the hand due to the effect of (2), and the effect of (1) will still be negated^[13].
  Example

  You chained "Compulsory Evacuation Device" to the activation of the effect of "Judgment Dragon", and then further chained "Forbidden Chalice". In this case, the Chain resolving in reverse order causes the "Judgment Dragon" that was affected by "Forbidden Chalice" to be returned to the hand. Its effect will be negated.

  ---

• This turn/For the rest of the turn/Until [X] turn, apply [A]: Lingering Effects
  A face-up card has applied an effect that lasts for this turn. If in this same turn that card has its effects negated, the previously applied effect will still linger for the turn^[16].
  Example

  You successfully Fusion Summoned a "Prank-Kids Rocket Ride" and activated its effect this turn. If "Skill Drain" is activated after the effect of "Prank-Kids Rocket Ride" has resolved, and its effects are negated, "Prank-Kids Rocket Ride" will no longer lose 1000 ATK, but it will still be able to attack directly with its effect that turn.

  ---

• Traps Treated as Monsters (not treated as Traps)
  Even when a Trap Card treated as a Monster Card which says it is not treated as a Trap Card has its effects negated, it remains in the Main Monster Zone^[17].
• Traps Treated as Monsters (still treated as Traps)
  
  • After you negate monster effects of a Trap Card treated as a Monster Card, its Trap Effect that it applies to itself is not negated, so the card remains in the Monster Zone^[18].
  • After you negate trap effects of a Trap Card treated as a Monster Card, its Trap Effect that is applied to itself is negated, so it is no longer treated as a monster and cannot exist in the Monster Zone. Thus, it will be placed in the Spell & Trap Zone face-up (even if the negation effect is no longer applied, the Trap Card will not be Special Summoned to the Monster Zone again)^[18].
  Example

  A Continuous Trap Card that has an effect of becoming a monster, such as "Angel Statue - Azurune", has been Special Summoned to your Monster Zone by applying its own Trap Effect:

  • If the effect of a previously Set "Infinite Impermanence" that negates all other Spell/Trap effects in its column is applied to "Angel Statue - Azurune" in the Monster Zone, its Trap Effect that is applied to itself is negated, so it is no longer treated as a monster and cannot exist in the Monster Zone. Thus, it will be placed in the Spell & Trap Zone face-up. (even if the effect of "Infinite Impermanence" is no longer applied, "Angel Statue - Azurune" will not be Special Summoned to the Monster Zone again).
  • However, if just the effect of "Infinite Impermanence" that negates the effects of its target applies to "Angel Statue - Azurune" that is treated as an Effect Monster, only its Monster Effects will be negated. In this case, its Trap Effect that it applies to itself is not negated, so "Angel Statue - Azurune" remains in the Monster Zone.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 155
2. Yugipedia
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation legality for effect negation
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Attempting to negate a negated monster's effects
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Effects negation applying to Effect Monsters without any effect
6. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 165-166
7. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Activation legality for effect negation
8. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Normal Summoning a negated Gemini Monster
9. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 166-167
10. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 171-172
11. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Multiple attacks, and the monster's effects being negated while attacking
12. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Attacking in Defense Position, and negating the attacking monster's effects
13. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Effects negation, and what removes/doesn't remove it
14. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Skill Drain", "Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle"
15. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: When a monster's effects that gained the Level, name or effect of another monster are negated, then only the Level will return to its original value
16. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Prank-Kids Rocket Ride", "Skill Drain"
17. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 169-170
18. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Negating monster effects of a Monster/Trap hybrid

---

Examples
	Sauravis, the Ancient and Ascended You can Ritual Summon this card with "Sprite's Blessing". When your opponent activates a card or effect that targets a monster you control (Quick Effect): You can discard this card; negate the activation. When your opponent would Special Summon a monster(s) (Quick Effect): You can return this card to the hand; negate the Special Summon, and if you do, banish that monster(s).
	Chaos Trap Hole When a LIGHT or DARK monster(s) would be Summoned: Pay 2000 LP; negate the Summon of the LIGHT and DARK monster(s), and if you do, banish it.
	Horn of Heaven When a monster(s) would be Summoned: Tribute 1 monster; negate the Summon, and if you do, destroy that monster(s).

• If a Normal Summon is performed, a card that "negates the Normal Summon" can be used in response to that Normal Summon. Even if the Normal Summon is negated, in most cases you cannot perform another Normal Summon/Set^[1]:
  • A monster that has its Normal Summon/Set negated is sent to the Graveyard providing no particular effect is being applied. In that case, that monster is not treated as being sent from the hand or field to the Graveyard^[1].
  • When a monster that does not have its Normal Summon/Set negated is placed on the field, this is called a "successful Normal Summon(/Set)"^[1].
  • The Tributes are performed at the time the Tribute Summon is declared, before the monster that would be Normal Summoned/Set is placed on the field. Even if the Tribute Summon is negated, the Tributed monsters are sent to the Graveyard normally^[2].
• If a Special Summon is performed by meeting requirements, a card that "negates Special Summons" can be activated in response to that Special Summon^[3]:
  • If the Special Summon is not negated, placing the monster on the field constitutes a "successful Special Summon"^[4].
  • A monster that has its Special Summon negated is sent to the Graveyard providing no particular effect is being applied. In that case, the monster that was sent to the Graveyard is not considered to be sent from the hand, field, or Extra Deck to the Graveyard^[3].
  • Even if the Flip Summon of a properly summoned Special Summon Monster is negated, that monster will still be treated as having been properly summoned^[5].
  • When a Special Summon is performed as a result of the resolution of an activated effect that started a chain, if the activation of the activated effect that started a chain is not negated, the resolution that performs the Special Summon cannot be negated^[6].
    Example

    After the effect of "Raidraptor - Avenge Vulture" that says "If you take damage: You can Special Summon this card from your hand" was activated, cards like "Solemn Judgment" cannot be activated to negate the Special Summon when the effect is resolving. Afterwards, cards that respond to when a Special Summon is successful can be activated when the Special Summon is successful.

    ---

• An effect that activates when used for a Special Summon material (for example for a Link or a Synchro Summon) cannot be activated if the Summon is negated^[7].
  Example

  If you Tribute "Capshell" as a cost for a Tribute Summon, and that Tribute Summon is negated, its effect can be activated since it was Tributed. If the Synchro or Link Summon that used "Capshell" as material was negated, it is not treated as being used as material for a Synchro or Link Summon, so its effect cannot activate.

  ---

• During an attempt to Normal or Special Summon a monster from a location outside the field, the monster is not yet on the field. If the Summon of the monster is negated, then the monster is never considered to have been on the field. On the other hand, during an attempt to Flip Summoned or Normal Summoned again (Gemini monsters) a monster already on the field, the monster is considered to be on the field^[8].
  Example

  If "Solemn Judgment" is activated during an attempt to Normal or Special Summon a monster, "Destruction Jammer" cannot be activated in response. Since the monster to be destroyed is not yet on the field, "Solemn Judgment" is not considered to be an effect that destroys cards on the field. If "Solemn Judgment" is activated during an attempt to Flip Summon, or an attempt to Normal Summon a Gemini Monster again, "Destruction Jammer" can be activated in response. In these cases, "Solemn Judgment" is considered to be an effect that destroys cards on the field.

  ---

Effect interactions

• Gemini
  When a Gemini monster on the field is Normal Summoned once again, cards that negate that Normal Summon can be activated. A Gemini monster that has its Summon negated is not treated as being destroyed and sent to the Graveyard from the hand or field^[9].
• During the [X] Phase, [A]: Delayed effects
  The Special Summon of a monster when resolving an effect that happens later (during the End Phase for example) does not start a chain such as "Spellbook of Judgment".
  • As it is a Special Summon of a monster due an effect, this Special Summon cannot be negated by activating effects that negate summons like "Black Horn of Heaven"^[10].
  • However, it is still an "effects that include an effect that Special Summons a monster(s)", so cards like "Solemn Warning" can be activated in response^[10].
• Immediately after this effect resolves, [method] Summon [X]
  The Summon of that monster(s) can be negated if the effect resolves as Chain Link 1^[11].
  Example

  If "Tenpai Dragon Chundra"'s effect of was activated as Chain Link 1, the effect of "Sauravis, the Ancient and Ascended" can be activated during the attempt to Synchro Summon; if the effect of "Tenpai Dragon Chundra" was activated as Chain Link 2 or higher, it cannot be.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 77
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 79
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 81-82
4. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 81
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Properly Summoned status and negating Flip Summons
6. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 101-102
7. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: 'sent to the GY as material' and negating summons
8. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Solemn Judgment", "Destruction Jammer"
9. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 166-167
10. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Negating delayed Special Summons
11. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Tenpai Dragon Chundra", "Sauravis, the Ancient and Ascended"

---

Pendulum Monsters sent from outside the field to the Graveyard are sent to the Graveyard normally. For example, if at the time you would Normal Summon a Pendulum Monster from the hand that itself is negated by "Solemn Judgment", the Pendulum Monster that is not treated as being sent from the field to the Graveyard is not added to the Extra Deck, and is sent to the Graveyard.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 76

---

Examples
	Ancient Gear Golem Cannot be Special Summoned. If this card attacks, your opponent cannot activate any Spell/Trap Cards until the end of the Damage Step. If this card attacks a Defense Position monster, inflict piercing battle damage.
	Fairy Meteor Crush If the equipped monster attacks a Defense Position monster, inflict piercing battle damage to your opponent.
	Strike Slash When a monster you control declares an attack: Until the End Phase, that monster gains 700 ATK, also, if it attacks a Defense Position monster, inflict piercing battle damage to your opponent.

• Some monsters can inflict piercing battle damage when they attack a Defense Position monster. This means that you inflict damage to your opponent's LP equal to the difference between the attacking monster's ATK and the defending monster's DEF.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 54

---

Examples
	Centur-Ion Trudea During your Main Phase: You can place this card you control and 1 "Centur-Ion" monster from your hand or Deck, except "Centur-Ion Trudea", in your Spell & Trap Zones as face-up Continuous Traps, also you cannot Special Summon "Centur-Ion Trudea" for the rest of this turn. During the Main Phase, if this card is a Continuous Trap: You can Special Summon this card, then you can increase its Level by 4. You can only use each effect of "Centur-Ion Trudea" once per turn.
	Divine Temple of the Snake-Eye When this card is activated: You can place 1 "Snake-Eye" monster from your hand, Deck, or GY face-up in its owner's Spell & Trap Zone as a Continuous Spell. Level 1 FIRE monsters you control gain 1100 ATK. Once per turn, if your opponent Normal or Special Summons a monster(s) (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 Monster Card on the field treated as a Continuous Spell; Special Summon it to your field. You can only activate 1 "Divine Temple of the Snake-Eye" per turn.
	Pendulum Switch You can target 1 card in your Pendulum Zone; Special Summon it. You can target 1 Pendulum Monster in your Monster Zone; place that Pendulum Monster in your Pendulum Zone. You can only use 1 "Pendulum Switch" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

• Changing from only-Monster to only-Spell/Trap creates a new copy: similary, if (1) targets (2) while in a Monster Zone but (2) is placed in the Spell/Trap Zone, (2) is no longer treated as the same card that was targeted by (1), so (1) does not resolve successfully^[1].
  Example

  "Stargazer Magician" is face-up in your Monster Zone, and "Pendulum Switch" is face-up in your Spell & Trap Zone. In this situation, if your opponent activates "Raigeki Break" and targets "Stargazer Magician", but you chain the effect of "Pendulum Switch" that places it in the Pendulum Zone, when "Raigeki Break" resolves, the targeted "Stargazer Magician" will be in your Pendulum Zone due to the effect of "Pendulum Switch". In this case, "Stargazer Magician" is no longer treated as the same card that was targeted by "Raigeki Break", so it is not destroyed.

  ---

Effect interactions

• Leaves the field
  Placing a monster on the field in a Spell/Trap/Pendulum Zone is not treated as the monster "leaving the field". However, the effects of "Pumprincess the Princess of Ghosts", of "Dragunity Javelin", or of "Tiki Soul", may place destroyed monsters in the Spell & Trap Zone instead. In this case, that monster is treated as having left the field first^[2].

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Changing from only-Monster to only-Spell creates a new copy
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Relay Soul" and monster moved to Spell & Trap Zone

---

Examples
	Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle When this card is Special Summoned: You can Special Summon as many "Crystal Beast" Monster Cards as possible from your Spell & Trap Zones. If this face-up card is destroyed in a Monster Zone, you can place it face-up in your Spell & Trap Zone as a Continuous Spell, instead of sending it to the GY.
	Wedju Temple During your Main Phase: You can place 1 monster from your hand in your Spell & Trap Zone as a face-up Continuous Spell, then place 1 "Millennium" monster from your Deck in your Spell & Trap Zone as a face-up Continuous Spell. You can only use this effect of "Wedju Temple" once per turn. If a face-up "Millennium" monster(s) you control is destroyed by battle or card effect, you can place it in your Spell & Trap Zone as a face-up Continuous Spell, instead of sending it to the GY.
	Tiki Soul Special Summon this card as an Effect Monster (Rock-Type/LIGHT/Level 4/ATK 1000/DEF 1800). (This card is also still a Trap Card.) While this card is an Effect Monster, if another Trap Card you control that is a monster would be destroyed by your opponent's card (either by battle or by card effect) and sent to your Graveyard, you can Set it in the Spell & Trap Card Zone instead.

Effect interactions

• Banish instead of sending to the Graveyard
  The effect of "Banisher of the Light", "Macro Cosmos", "Banisher of the Radiance", or "Dimensional Fissure" (1) is applying. A card's effect (2), that places a card (3) in the Spell & Trap Zone when (3) is destroyed instead of sending it to the Graveyard, can be applied when (3) would be destroyed even when (1) would banish (3). In this case, (3) will be placed in the Spell & Trap Zone. Furthermore, if you choose not to apply (2)'s effect to place (3) there, (3) will be banished by the effect of (1)^[1].
  Example

  The effect of "Banisher of the Light", "Macro Cosmos", "Banisher of the Radiance", or "Dimensional Fissure" is applying. If a card such as "Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle" is now destroyed, it can be placed in the Spell & Trap Zone when it is destroyed. Furthermore, if you choose not to apply "Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle"'s effect to place it there, "Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle" will be banished by the effect of "Banisher of the Light" etc.

  ---

• Leaves the field
  Placing a monster on the field in a Spell/Trap/Pendulum Zone is not treated as the monster "leaving the field". However, the effects of "Pumprincess the Princess of Ghosts", of "Dragunity Javelin", or of "Tiki Soul", may place destroyed monsters in the Spell & Trap Zone instead. In this case, that monster is treated as having left the field first^[2].
• Negate Effects
  If the effects of a card that places itself face-up in the Spell & Trap Zone when it is destroyed are being negated, that effect cannot be applied. If it is destroyed by battle or card effect it is sent to the Graveyard normally^[3].
  Example

  "Skill Drain" is face-up on the field, and its effect that negates the effects of all face-up monsters on the field is applying. In this situation, if a face-up "Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle" on the field is destroyed by battle or card effect, the effect that places it face-up in the Spell & Trap Zone as a Continuous Spell Card when it is destroyed cannot be applied. A "Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle" that is destroyed by battle or card effect is sent to the Graveyard normally.

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Banisher of the Light", "Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle"
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Relay Soul" and monster moved to Spell & Trap Zone
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Skill Drain", "Crystal Beast Ruby Carbuncle"

---

Examples
	Gunkan Suship Shari Red This card's name becomes "Gunkan Suship Shari" while in the hand, Deck, GY, or on the field. You can only use the following effect of "Gunkan Suship Shari Red" once per turn. You can reveal 1 other "Gunkan Suship Shari" in your hand; Special Summon this card from your hand, then you can apply this effect. ● Special Summon 1 "Gunkan" monster from your Deck, except "Gunkan Suship Shari", but negate its effects (if any), then, Special Summon from your Extra Deck, 1 Xyz Monster that mentions that Special Summoned monster's name, using that monster and this card as material. (This is treated as an Xyz Summon.)
	Zombie World All monsters on the field and in the GYs become Zombie monsters. Neither player can Tribute Summon monsters, except Zombie monsters.
	DNA Transplant Activate by declaring 1 monster Attribute. All face-up monsters become that Attribute.

• Face-down monsters are not affected by effects that change the card name, Type, Attribute, ATK/DEF, Level or Rank of monsters on the field^[1].

Effect interactions

• Cannot summon: Summon restrictions
  
  • A card (1) with the restriction of "you cannot Normal or Special Summon except X monsters the turn you activate this card" is applying. Normally, if you Summon a monster (2) which violates the restriction of (1), then (1) cannot be activated. Similarly, if you activate (1) first (2) cannot be Summoned. But if^[2]:
    • A card (3) has an effect that applies to (2) such that when (2) is Summoned it does not violate the restriction of (1), then (1) can be activated after (2) has been Summoned.
    • A card (3) has an effect that applies to (2) such that when (2) is Summoned it does not violate the restriction of (1), but you have already activated (1) before (2) is Summoned, then (2) cannot be Summoned anymore.
    Example

    "A DNA Transplant" that was activated by declaring the LIGHT Attribute is face-up on the field. In this situation, I activate "Monster Reborn" and Special Summon "Darklord Superbia" from my Graveyard, then activate its effect and Special Summon "Mozarta the Melodious Maestra" from the Graveyard:

    • Even if you Special Summoned a "Darklord Superbia" (whose original Attribute is DARK) this turn, if you did so while the effect of "A DNA Transplant" was applying declaring LIGHT, you can activate the effect of "Mozarta the Melodious Maestra".
    • However, if you first activated the effect of "Mozarta the Melodious Maestra", you cannot Special Summon monsters whose original Attributes are anything other than LIGHT, even if the effect of "A DNA Transplant" is applying.

    ---

• An effect (1) is applying so that monsters with a certain specific property X cannot be summoned, but monsters with another specific property Y can be summoned. A monster (2)'s has X property, so (2) can't be summoned due to (1). If (2) has an effect that says "summon this card as a monster with Y property", then (2) can be summoned through that effect^[3].
  Example

  Your opponent controls "Evilswarm Ophion", which has materials attached and is applying its effect "Level 5 or higher monsters cannot be Special Summoned". "Cockadoodledoo" has effects that say "you can Special Summon this card (from your hand) as a Level 3 monster" or "you can Special Summon this card (from your hand) as a Level 4 monster", so you can Special Summon "Cockadoodledoo" using either of its effects.

  ---

• Immediately after this effect resolves, [method] Summon [X]
  An effect (1) is applying that changes properties of monsters face-up on the field.
  • You can activate an effect (2) that summons back monsters (3) from a location (like the Graveyard) to the field and immediately after at resolution performs a Special Summon of a monster (4), as long as (3) and their properties satisfied the summoning requirements for (4) when (3) were in their original location (like the Graveyard).
  • But when (3) are summoned back to the field, as (1) is applying, if (1) changes (3)'s properties so that you can't summon (4) at resolution anymore, you must summon another monster that can be summoned with (3) after their properties have changed from the same location(s) of (4).
  • If there are no monsters that can be summoned from the location(s) of (4), after summoning back (3), (2) resolves without performing the Special Summon^[4].
  Example

  "Stygian Dirge" is face-up on the field. You can activate "Geargia Change" targeting "Geargiano" monsters that are Level 3 in your Graveyard, as long as you are able to Xyz Summon a Rank 3 monster using the targeted monsters. In this scenario, since the Levels of the targeted monsters are reduced by 1 after being Special Summoned, you cannot Xyz Summon a Rank 3 monster, and you must instead Xyz Summon a Rank 2 monster if one exists in your Extra Deck. At this time, if you do not have a Rank 2 monster in your Extra Deck, the Xyz Summon is not performed.

  ---

• Negate Effects
  When a monster's effects that gained the Level, name or effect of another monster are negated, then only the Level will return to its original value^[5].
  Example

  The effect of "Infernoid Decatron" was activated, gaining the name and effects of "Infernoid Attondel" and increasing its Level by 8. Afterwards if "Infernoid Decatron" has its effects negated by the effect of "Skill Drain" being activated. In the proposed scenario, the Level of "Infernoid Decatron" that was increased by 8 returns to the original value, but the gained name remains as "Infernoid Attondel". Also, the gained effects of "Infernoid Attondel" remain gained, but they are negated by "Skill Drain".

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 105-106
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Property changing and being treated as having Special Summoned monsters with a given property
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters being summoned "as a monster with Y property", and restrictions on summoning monsters with/without a specific property X
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Summon-immediately-after & monsters' properties changing after being Summoned
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: When a monster's effects that gained the Level, name or effect of another monster are negated, then only the Level will return to its original value

---

Example: while "Harpies' Hunting Ground" is face-up on the field, Skill Drain is activated, and "Call of the Haunted" resolves in response, Special Summoning Harpie Queen. At the time that "Harpie Queen" is Special Summoned by the effect of "Call of the Haunted", its name is treated as "Harpie Lady". Afterwards, when the effect of Skill Drain applies, the effect of "Harpie Queen" is negated, and its name returns to being "Harpie Queen". Regardless, a "Harpie Lady" or "Harpie Lady Sisters" has been Special Summoned to the field, and the effect of "Harpies' Hunting Ground" must be activated.

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters with a certain property being Summoned, and then losing that property before Trigger effects are checked for

---

Examples
	Cyber Harpie Lady (This card's name is always treated as "Harpie Lady".)
	Gunkan Suship Shari Red This card's name becomes "Gunkan Suship Shari" while in the hand, Deck, GY, or on the field. You can only use the following effect of "Gunkan Suship Shari Red" once per turn. You can reveal 1 other "Gunkan Suship Shari" in your hand; Special Summon this card from your hand, then you can apply this effect. ● Special Summon 1 "Gunkan" monster from your Deck, except "Gunkan Suship Shari", but negate its effects (if any), then, Special Summon from your Extra Deck, 1 Xyz Monster that mentions that Special Summoned monster's name, using that monster and this card as material. (This is treated as an Xyz Summon.)
	Number 8: Heraldic King Genom-Heritage 2 Level 4 "Heraldic Beast" monsters Once per turn: You can target 1 face-up Xyz Monster your opponent controls; this card's name and original ATK become that monster's name and current ATK, and this card's effect becomes that monster's original effect, then that monster's ATK becomes 0 and its effects are negated. These changes last until the End Phase.

• If a card whose name is treated as the name of a different card activates or applies its effects, that effect is treated as the effect of a card with the name it has at the moment^[1].
  Example

  If a "Number 8: Heraldic King Genom-Heritage" treated as "Number 39: Utopia" activates its effect, that effect is activated as the effect of "Number 39: Utopia".

  ---

• Up to 3 copies of cards that are treated as having a different name by an effect can be included separately from cards with the name that is provided by that effect^[2]. Examples:
  • You can include 3 copies of each "Blue-Eyes White Dragon" and "Blue-Eyes Alternative White Dragon" which has an effect that says "This card's name becomes "Blue-Eyes White Dragon" while it is on the field or in the Graveyard."^[2]
  • Even if "Gunkan Suship Shari" is used to build a Deck, you can also use up to 3 "Gunkan Suship Shari" which has an effect that says "This card's name becomes "Gunkan Suship Shari" while in the hand, Deck, GY, or on the field."^[3]

Effect interactions

• Text that specifies "once per turn": Activate vs Use
  If an effect reads "You can only use this effect of [card name] once per turn" or "You can only use the effect of a card with this name once per turn", this is not influenced by changes to the card's name on the field^[1].
  Example

  If the effect of "Giant Pairfish" that says "You can discard 1 monster; Special Summon 1 Level 4 or lower Wyrm-Type monster from your Deck. You can only use this effect of "Giant Pairfish" once per turn." is activated, and later its name changes by the effect of another card, the effect of the "Giant Pairfish" that had its name changed during that turn cannot be activated.

  ---

• Text that says "this card is always treated as [card name]/[a particular title/archetype] card"
  Archetype inclusion/exclusion "this card is always treated as [a particular title/archetype] card" clauses apply to a particular card name, not to a particular card: copying the name of a card with such clauses will copy also the "[a particular title/archetype]" clause^[4].
  Example

  You activate the effect of "Crystal Rose", and when it resolves, you send "Brilliant Rose" to the Graveyard. As a result, the name of "Crystal Rose" is now treated as "Brilliant Rose". Due to "Brilliant Rose"'s text, it is also treated as a "Gem-Knight" card.

  ---

• Negate Effects
  When a monster's effects that gained the Level, name or effect of another monster are negated, then only the Level will return to its original value^[5].
  Example

  The effect of "Infernoid Decatron" was activated, gaining the name and effects of "Infernoid Attondel" and increasing its Level by 8. Afterwards if "Infernoid Decatron" has its effects negated by the effect of "Skill Drain" being activated. In the proposed scenario, the Level of "Infernoid Decatron" that was increased by 8 returns to the original value, but the gained name remains as "Infernoid Attondel". Also, the gained effects of "Infernoid Attondel" remain gained, but they are negated by "Skill Drain".

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 55
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 41
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Gunkan Suship Shari Red"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Archetype inclusion/exclusion clauses apply to a particular card name, not to a particular card
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: When a monster's effects that gained the Level, name or effect of another monster are negated, then only the Level will return to its original value

---

Examples
	Elemental Mistress Doriado This card can only be Ritual Summoned with the Ritual Spell Card, "Doriado's Blessing". The Attribute of this card is also treated as WIND, WATER, FIRE, and EARTH while it is face-up on the field.
	Armored Xyz Target 1 face-up monster you control and 1 Xyz Monster in your GY; equip that monster from your GY to that monster on the field as an Equip Spell with these effects. ● Change the equipped monster's ATK to this card's ATK. ● The equipped monster gains this card's Attribute. ● At the end of the Damage Step, if the equipped monster attacked: You can send this card to the GY; that attacking monster can make a second attack in a row.
	DNA Transplant Activate by declaring 1 monster Attribute. All face-up monsters become that Attribute.

• Monsters with multiple attributes count for all their attributes when used as material^[1].
  Example

  "Genex Ally Triforce" is Synchro Summoned using "Genex Ally Birdman" and "Elemental Mistress Doriado" as Synchro Materials. In this scenario, since the effect of "Elemental Mistress Doriado" also treats it as a WIND, WATER, FIRE, and EARTH monster, "Genex Ally Triforce" is treated as having been Synchro Summoned using LIGHT, WIND, WATER, FIRE, and EARTH non-Tuner Synchro Materials. Therefore, the "● EARTH:", "● FIRE:", and "● LIGHT:" effects can all be applied.

  ---

• A Multi-Attribute monster that shares one of its attributes with another monster and the latter are not treated as "Different Attributes" monsters^[2].
  Example

  "Elemental HERO Sunrise" requires 2 "HERO" monsters with different Attributes as its materials. If you activate "Miracle Fusion" and use a LIGHT-Attribute "Elemental HERO Electrum" in your Graveyard along with WIND-Attribute "Elemental HERO Avian", you can Fusion Summon "Elemental HERO Sunrise". However, if "Elemental HERO Electrum" is face-up in the Monster Zone and its effect that treats it as WIND, WATER, FIRE, and EARTH-Attributes is applying, that "Elemental HERO Electrum" cannot be used as a material with "Elemental HERO Avian" to Fusion Summon "Elemental HERO Sunrise".

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters with multiple attributes count for all their attributes when used as material
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Different Attributes" and multi-Attribute monsters

---

Examples
	Phantom of Chaos Your opponent takes no battle damage from attacks involving this card. Once per turn: You can target 1 Effect Monster in your GY; banish that target, and if you do, until the End Phase, this card's name and original ATK become that monster's name and original ATK, and replace this effect with that monster's original effects.
	Emperor Charles the Great 1 Level 9 "Infernoble Knight Emperor Charles" equipped with an Equip Card(s) If this card is Link Summoned: You can target 1 "Infernoble Knight Emperor Charles" in your GY; this card's name becomes that target's original name, and it gains that target's original effects, then equip that target to this card as an Equip Spell that gives it 500 ATK. Once per turn, when a Spell/Trap Card or effect is activated (Quick Effect): You can send 1 Equip Spell from your hand or face-up field to the GY; negate the activation, and if you do, destroy that card.
	Pseudo Space Once per turn: You can banish 1 Field Spell Card from your Graveyard; until the End Phase, this card's name becomes that card's original name, and replace this effect with that card's original effects.

• Effects that "gain the effects of [card]/replace this effect with [card]'s effect" for Monsters are only applied as long as the card remains face-up in a Monster Zone. Since the card that gained the gained effects loses them once it leaves the field, effects that activate in the Graveyard or something similar cannot be activated or applied^[1]. Examples:
  • If a "Legendary Knight Hermos" that has gained the effects of "Dark Magician of Chaos" leaves the field, since it loses the gained effects, the effect of "Dark Magician of Chaos" that says "If this face-up card would leave the field, banish it instead" is not applied.
  • If a "Phantom of Chaos" that has gained the effects of "Superheavy Samurai Soulclaw" activates the effect that says "You can target 1 "Superheavy Samurai" monster you control; equip this monster from your hand or your side of the field to that target.", when the effect finishes resolving, its effect is no longer applied and it is destroyed and sent to the Graveyard.
• If the effects of another monster are gained by an effect that gains effects, the effect to gain effects itself is lost. Other effects that the monster originally had are not lost^[1].
  Example

  Even if "Phantom of Chaos" gains the effects of other monsters by its effect, the effect that says "Any Battle Damage your opponent takes from battles involving this card becomes 0" is still applied.

  ---

Effect interactions

• Text that specifies "once per turn": Activate vs Use
  If the effects of another monster are gained by an effect that gains effects, the requirements to use that effect like "can only activate the effect of [card name] once per turn" are also applied^[2].
  Example

  You control two "Therion" monsters, each equipped with a "Therion "Reaper" Fum". Due to the effect of "Therion "Reaper" Fum", both of these monsters have gained the effect of "Therion "Reaper" Fum", which allows to return cards on the field to the hand. During a single turn, you can only activate that effect of one of these monsters. You are considered to be using the effect of "Therion "Reaper" Fum" to return a card to the hand not only if you activate that effect of a "Therion "Reaper" Fum", but also if you activate that effect that another monster has gained. "Therion "Reaper" Fum"'s card text tells you that you can only use the effect to return to hand of "Therion "Reaper" Fum" once per turn. Therefore, you cannot use that effect twice during the same turn, even if different monsters have that effect.

  ---

• Text that is maintenance cost
  Copying the effect of a card does not copy the maintenance cost^[3].
  Example

  If "Legendary Knight Hermos" gains the effects of "Koa'ki Meiru Overload", the text that says "During each of your End Phases, destroy this card unless you send 1 "Iron Core of Koa'ki Meiru" from your hand to the Graveyard or reveal 1 Rock-Type monster in your hand." is not applied.

  ---

• Gemini
  If the effects of a Gemini Monster (1) are gained by a Monster (2) that has an effect that gains effects, (2) will be treated as a Normal Monster, but can be Normal Summoned again to gain the listed effect of (1)^[4].
  Example

  If you activate "Neo-Spacian Dark Panther"'s effect by targeting a Gemini monster such as "Chthonian Emperor Dragon", "Neo-Spacian Dark Panther" will gain the effects of the targeted Gemini monster. As a result, it will be treated as a Normal Monster, but can be Normal Summoned again to gain the listed effect.

  ---

• Negate Effects
  When a monster's effects that gained the Level, name or effect of another monster are negated, then only the Level will return to its original value^[5].
  Example

  The effect of "Infernoid Decatron" was activated, gaining the name and effects of "Infernoid Attondel" and increasing its Level by 8. Afterwards if "Infernoid Decatron" has its effects negated by the effect of "Skill Drain" being activated. In the proposed scenario, the Level of "Infernoid Decatron" that was increased by 8 returns to the original value, but the gained name remains as "Infernoid Attondel". Also, the gained effects of "Infernoid Attondel" remain gained, but they are negated by "Skill Drain".

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 172-173
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monsters gaining the effects of other monsters, and once-per-turn restrictions
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 175
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Neo-Spacian Dark Panther", "Chthonian Emperor Dragon"
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: When a monster's effects that gained the Level, name or effect of another monster are negated, then only the Level will return to its original value

---

Examples
	Dinomorphia Kentregina 2 "Dinomorphia" monsters with different names Loses ATK equal to your LP. You can only use each of the following effects of "Dinomorphia Kentregina" once per turn. During the Main Phase (Quick Effect): You can pay half your LP and banish 1 "Dinomorphia" Normal Trap from your GY; this effect becomes that Trap's effect when that card is activated. If this card is destroyed by battle or card effect: You can Special Summon 1 Level 4 or lower "Dinomorphia" monster from your GY.
	Spellbook of the Master If you control a Spellcaster-Type monster: You can reveal 1 other "Spellbook" card in your hand, then target 1 "Spellbook" Normal Spell Card in your Graveyard, except "Spellbook of the Master"; this card's effect becomes that target's effect. You can only activate 1 "Spellbook of the Master" per turn.
	Transaction Rollback Pay half your LP, then target 1 Normal Trap in your opponent's GY, except "Transaction Rollback"; this effect becomes that card's activation effect. You can banish this card from your GY and pay half your LP, then target 1 Normal Trap in your GY, except "Transaction Rollback"; this effect becomes that card's activation effect. You can only use 1 "Transaction Rollback" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

• You activate a card (1) that says "You can only apply this effect of [card name] once per Duel". As Chain Link 2 you activate a card (2) that copies the effect of (1). The chain resolves backwards, (2) resolves as (1)'s effect and (1) resolves without applying its effect since you can only apply (1)'s effect once per Duel^[1].
  Example

  "Serial Spell" can be activated in a Chain to the activation of "Rank-Up-Magic - The Seventh One". In that case, when "Serial Spell" resolves, you will Special Summon 1 monster that has a number between "Number 101" and "Number 107" in its name, except a "Number C" monster, then Special Summon 1 "Number C" monster with the same number by overlaying it on the first monster and using it as material. After that, "Rank-Up-Magic - The Seventh One" resolves without Special Summoning any monsters. You can only perform the Special Summons from the effect of "Rank-Up-Magic - The Seventh One" once per Duel.

  ---

• A card (1) copies the effect of another card (2) and applies the effects of (2) at resolution: the effect it's still treated as (1)'s name effect^[2].
  Example

  If you activate "Joker's Wild" by sending "Royal Straight" to the Graveyard, you cannot Special Summon "Royal Straight Slasher". When "Joker's Wild" resolves, the sent Spell's effect is applied as the effect of "Joker's Wild". Therefore, the Special Summoned monster would be considered to have been Special Summoned by "Joker's Wild", not by "Royal Straight". As a result, "Royal Straight Slasher", which must be Special Summoned by "Royal Straight", cannot be Special Summoned.

  ---

• If a card (1) says "do [A] at/until [X] turn after this card's activation" ("keeps track" of when (1) was activated), (1)'s effect cannot be copied by activating an effect that copies effects such as "Transaction Rollback"'s Graveyard effect. However, it can be copied by activating a card that copies effects such as by activating a set "Transaction Rollback"^[3].
  Example

  If it is currently either player's Main Phase, you can activate "Trap of Darkness", "Fake Feather" or "Transaction Rollback" by targeting "Extinction on Schedule". If you do, at the end of the third Battle Phase after the respective card was activated, each player must send all cards on their field to the Graveyard normally. However, you cannot activate "Transaction Rollback"'s Graveyard effect by targeting "Extinction on Schedule", and cannot activate "Junk Collector"'s effect by banishing "Extinction on Schedule".

  ---

Effect interactions

• Text that specifies "once per turn": Activate vs Use
  Copying activated effects and named once per turn restrictions: this kind of effect "ignores" named once per turn restrictions^[4].
  Example

  You can activate "Urgent Ritual Art" by banishing "Nekroz Kaleidoscope" during a turn in which the Ritual Summoning effect of "Nekroz Kaleidoscope" has been used. While resolving the effect of "Urgent Ritual Art", the effect of the banished Ritual Spell Card is performed as the resolution of the effect of "Urgent Ritual Art". Therefore, even in that case, "Urgent Ritual Art" can be activated by banishing "Nekroz Kaleidoscope".

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Serial Spell", "Rank-Up-Magic - The Seventh One"
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Applying the effects of another card, and whose effect it is treated as
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Transaction Rollback", "Extinction on Schedule"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Copying activated effects and named once per turn restrictions

---

Examples
	Zoodiac Ratpier If this card is Normal Summoned: You can send 1 "Zoodiac" card from your Deck to the Graveyard. An Xyz Monster whose original Type is Beast-Warrior and has this card as Xyz Material gains this effect. ● Once per turn: You can detach 1 Xyz Material from this card; Special Summon 1 "Zoodiac Ratpier" from your hand or Deck.
	Greater Polymerization Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, using 3 or more monsters from your hand or field as Fusion Material, and if you do, it gains these effects. ● This card cannot be destroyed by card effects. ● If this card attacks a Defense Position monster, inflict piercing battle damage.
	The Weather Thundery Canvas "The Weather" Effect Monsters in your Main Monster Zones of this card's column and its adjacent columns gain this effect. ● At the start of the Damage Step, if this card battles an opponent's monster: You can banish this card; return that opponent's monster to the hand. You can only control 1 "The Weather Thundery Canvas".

---

Unclassified effects that apply when a card is used as material still apply if the card's effects on the field are negated.

Example

If "Raidraptor - Fiend Eagle" is Xyz Summoned using a "Raidraptor - Skull Eagle" that had its effects negated by "Effect Veiler", the effect of "Raidraptor - Skull Eagle" is applied, and will be activated as the effect of "Raidraptor - Fiend Eagle". When it resolves, the ATK is increased by 300 as usual.

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Unclassified effects that apply when a card is used as material still apply if the card's effects on the field are negated

---

If a monster that is not an Effect Monster gains an effect by the effect of another card that says "gains this effect [effect]", that monster is treated as an Effect Monster.

Example

Since a "Gem-Knight Pearl" Xyz Summoned by using "Gagaga Head" as Xyz Materials gains the effect that says "● If it is Xyz Summoned: Draw 1 card.", it is treated as an Effect Monster.

---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 68

---

Examples
	Danger! Mothman! You can reveal this card in your hand; your opponent randomly chooses 1 card from your entire hand, then you discard the chosen card. Then, if the discarded card was not "Danger! Mothman!", Special Summon 1 "Danger! Mothman!" from your hand, and if you do, draw 1 card. If this card is discarded: You can have both players draw 1 card, then both players discard 1 card. You can only use this effect of "Danger! Mothman!" once per turn.
	Pot of Extravagance At the start of your Main Phase 1: Banish 3 or 6 random face-down cards from your Extra Deck, face-down; draw 1 card for every 3 cards banished. For the rest of this turn after this card resolves, you cannot draw any cards by card effects.
	Mind Crush Declare 1 card name; if that card is in your opponent's hand, they must discard all copies of it, otherwise you discard 1 random card.

When a card effect says to choose a card randomly, there is no official way of doing so, it is fine as long as neither player has a way of knowing which card is being chosen.

References:

1. Official rulebook page 54

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Examples
	Satellarknight Deneb If this card is Summoned: You can add 1 "tellarknight" monster from your Deck to your hand, except "Satellarknight Deneb". You can only use this effect of "Satellarknight Deneb" once per turn.
	Dinomist Charge When this card is activated: Add 1 "Dinomist" monster from your Deck to your hand. Once per turn, if a "Dinomist" card(s) is added from the field to your Extra Deck face-up: Add 1 of those cards to your hand. You can only activate 1 "Dinomist Charge" per turn.
	Compulsory Evacuation Device Target 1 monster on the field; return that target to the hand.

• Effects that add or return cards to the hand resolve in the same way^[1].
• If a specific card is added from the Deck to the hand by a card effect, this is not treated as drawing the card^[1].
• Effects that return/add a monster to the hand can be applied on Extra Deck monsters like a Fusion Monster. In that case, the monster is not added/returned to the hand and is returned to the Extra Deck instead. This action is not treated as returning/adding a monster to the hand^[2].
  Example

  You can target a Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, or Link Monster for the effect of "Herald of Pure Light". In that case, the targeted monster is not added to the hand and is returned to the Extra Deck instead. Since the targeted Fusion/Synchro/Xyz/Link Monster returns to the Extra Deck instead of your hand, the part of the effect that returns a card in your hand to the Deck is not applied ("then" conjunctive).

  ---

Effect interactions

• Tokens
  The Token stops existing^[3].
  Example

  You can target a Token Monster with the effect of "Fairy Tail - Luna". The Token is removed from the field and "Fairy Tail - Luna" is returned to the hand as normal.

  ---

• Draw
  
  • If cards from the Deck are added to the hand by an effect that does not draw cards but "adds them to the hand", this is not treated as drawing cards^[4].
    Example

    If a card is added to the hand by the effect of "Pot of Duality" that says "Excavate the top 3 cards of your Deck, add 1 of them to your hand, also, after that, shuffle the rest back into your Deck.", this is not treated as drawing cards.

    ---

• Cards that are drawn are treated as being added to the hand^[5].
  Example

  "R-Genex Accelerator" was face-up on your field when you performed your normal draw for the Draw Phase. If the card you draw is a "Genex" monster, even if a "Genex" monster is added to your hand by drawing, it is considered to have been added from your Deck to your hand. Therefore, in this scenario, you can activate the effect of "R-Genex Accelerator".

  ---

• Negate Activated Effects
  A monster (1) activates its effect and an effect that returns cards to the hand (2) is chained to return (1) to the hand. Then an effect that negates monster's effects (3) is chained to negate (1). The Chain resolves in reverse order, the effect of (3) will be applied and (1) will be returned to the hand due to the effect of (2), and the effect of (1) will still be negated^[6].
  Example

  You chained "Compulsory Evacuation Device" to the activation of the effect of "Judgment Dragon", and then further chained "Forbidden Chalice". In this case, the Chain resolving in reverse order causes the "Judgment Dragon" that was affected by "Forbidden Chalice" to be returned to the hand. Its effect will be negated.

  ---

• Negate Effects
  A monster (1) activates its effect and an effect that returns cards to the hand (2) is chained to return (1) to the hand. Then an effect that negates monster's effects (3) is chained to negate (1). The Chain resolves in reverse order, the effect of (3) will be applied and (1) will be returned to the hand due to the effect of (2), and the effect of (1) will still be negated^[6].
  Example

  You chained "Compulsory Evacuation Device" to the activation of the effect of "Judgment Dragon", and then further chained "Forbidden Chalice". In this case, the Chain resolving in reverse order causes the "Judgment Dragon" that was affected by "Forbidden Chalice" to be returned to the hand. Its effect will be negated.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 152
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Herald of Pure Light"
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Fairy Tail - Luna" and Tokens
4. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 145
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "R-Genex Accelerator"
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Effects negation, and what removes/doesn't remove it

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Examples
	Madolche Queen Tiaramisu 2 Level 4 "Madolche" monsters Once per turn: You can detach 1 material from this card, then target up to 2 "Madolche" card(s) in your GY; shuffle those cards into the Deck, also, after that, shuffle cards your opponent controls into the Deck, up to the number of "Madolche" cards returned.
	Foolish Return Target 1 card in your opponent's GY; shuffle it into the Deck.
	Drowning Mirror Force When an opponent's monster declares a direct attack: Shuffle all your opponent's Attack Position monsters into the Deck.

• If cards are returned to the Deck, that card is added face-down to the Deck and is shuffled. However, if a card is returned to a specified location like the top or bottom of the Deck, the shuffling is not performed^[1].
• If, at the timing a card effect can be activated, that card has been returned to the Deck, in most cases that effect cannot be activated^[1].
  Example

  If "Dandylion" has been discarded as a cost to activate "Raigeki Break", and the effect of "Fiend Griefing" that says "Target 1 monster in your opponent's Graveyard; shuffle it into the Deck," is activated in a chain, so that the discarded "Dandylion" is returned to the Deck, the effect of "Dandylion" does not activate.

  ---

• Effects that return/shuffle a monster to the Deck can be applied on Extra Deck monsters like a Fusion Monster. In that case, the monster is not returned/shuffled to the Main Deck and is returned to the Extra Deck instead. Furthermore, in that case, since no cards were returned to the Deck, the Deck is not shuffled.^[2].
  Example

  If all the banished cards are fusion, Synchro or Xyz Monsters, the effect of "Elemental HERO Electrum" resolves normally. In that case, the banished Fusion, Synchro and Xyz Monsters are all returned to the Extra Deck. Furthermore, in that case, since no cards were returned to the Deck, the Deck is not shuffled.

  ---

Effect interactions

• Leaves the field
  When a monster on the field is shuffled into the Deck, it is no longer a card on the field, however its effects that activate when it "leaves the field" will not activate^[3]. Deck includes both Main and Extra Deck.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 151
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Elemental HERO Electrum"
3. Official KONAMI's 2021 rules update

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Examples
	PSY-Framelord Omega 1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters Once per turn, during the Main Phase (Quick Effect): You can banish both this face-up card from the field and 1 random card from your opponent's hand, face-up, until your next Standby Phase. Once per turn, during your opponent's Standby Phase: You can target 1 banished card; return it to the GY. If this card is in your GY: You can target 1 other card in the GY; shuffle both that card and this card from the GY into the Deck.
	Fortune's Future Target 1 of your banished "Fortune Lady" monsters; return it to the GY, then draw 2 cards.
	Bujin Regalia - The Sword Activate 1 of these effects. ● Target 1 "Bujin" monster in your Graveyard; add that target to your hand. ● Target 1 of your banished "Bujin" monsters; send that target to the Graveyard.

• When a banished card is moved to the Graveyard, it is not considered to be "sent to the Graveyard".

References:

1. Official rulebook page 55

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Examples
	Lightray Diabolos Cannot be Normal Summoned/Set. Must first be Special Summoned (from your hand) by having 5 or more LIGHT monsters with different names in your Graveyard. Once per turn: You can banish 1 LIGHT monster from your Graveyard, then target 1 Set card your opponent controls; reveal that target, then place that target on either the top or bottom of the Deck.
	Jack-In-The-Hand Reveal 3 Level 1 monsters with different names from your Deck, your opponent adds 1 to their hand, you add 1 to your hand, and you shuffle the third into the Deck. You can only activate 1 "Jack-In-The-Hand" per turn.
	The Continuing Epic of Charles Reveal 1 "Noble Arms" Equip Spell in your hand, and if you do, Special Summon 1 "Infernoble Knight" monster from your hand or Deck, then either equip the revealed card to that monster, or send it to the GY. You can banish this card from your GY, then target 1 "Infernoble Knight Emperor Charles" you control; equip 1 "Noble Knight" monster from your hand or Deck to that monster as an Equip Spell that gives it 500 ATK. You can only use each effect of "The Continuing Epic of Charles" once per turn.

• When an effect says to reveal a card, you show it to both players. You may have to reveal a face-down card, a card from your hand, or from the top of your Deck. Revealing a card does not activate the card. Normally, revealed cards are returned to their original position after being looked at by both players^[1].

Effect interactions

• Flip
  Revealing a card does not activate its Flip effects^[1].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 55

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Examples
	Altergeist Meluseek This card can attack directly. When this card inflicts battle damage to your opponent: You can target 1 card your opponent controls; send it to the GY. If this card is sent from the field to the GY: You can add 1 "Altergeist" monster from your Deck to your hand, except "Altergeist Meluseek". You can only use this effect of "Altergeist Meluseek" once per turn.
	Foolish Burial Send 1 monster from your Deck to the GY.
	A Hero Emerges When an opponent's monster declares an attack: Your opponent chooses 1 random card from your hand, then if it is a monster that can be Special Summoned, Special Summon it. Otherwise, send it to the GY.

• A card can be sent to the Graveyard in various ways. Destroying a card, discarding, and Tributing a monster are all actions that send a card to the Graveyard, and will normally activate "When/If this card is sent to the Graveyard..." Trigger Effects^[1].
• Cards that are sent to the Graveyard are not treated as destroyed cards or Tributed cards^[2].
• If cards with an effect that prevents cards from being destroyed by effects is being applied, effects that send cards to the Graveyard are still applied^[2].
• Cards sent from the hand to the Graveyard are not treated as cards that are discarded from the hand^[2].
  Example

  If "The Fabled Cerburrel" is sent to the Graveyard by the effect of "Guardian Dreadscythe" that says "Send 1 card from your hand to the Graveyard, and if you do, Special Summon this card from the Graveyard.", since "The Fabled Cerburrel" is not treated as being discarded from the hand, its effect that says "If this card is discarded to the Graveyard: Special Summon it" cannot be activated.

  ---

• If "Macro Cosmos" or something similar is activated, so that cards that would be sent to the Graveyard are banished, cards are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead^[2].
• If control of a card changes and it is sent to the Graveyard by the resolution of a card effect, that card is sent to the owner's Graveyard^[2].

References:

1. Official rulebook page 55
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 148-149

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Examples
	Magician's Rod When this card is Normal Summoned: You can add 1 Spell/Trap from your Deck to your hand, that mentions "Dark Magician". During your opponent's turn, if you activate a Spell/Trap Card or effect while this card is in your GY (except during the Damage Step): You can Tribute 1 Spellcaster monster; add this card to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Magician's Rod" once per turn.
	Pre-Preparation of Rites Add 1 Ritual Spell from your Deck to your hand, and add 1 Ritual Monster from your Deck or GY to your hand whose name is mentioned on that Ritual Spell. You can only activate 1 "Pre-Preparation of Rites" per turn.
	Fusion Reserve Reveal 1 Fusion Monster in your Extra Deck, add 1 of the Fusion Materials whose name is specifically listed on that card from your Deck to your hand, then you can add 1 "Polymerization" from your Graveyard to your hand.

• Taking example as "Dark Magician", effects that say "card that specifically lists/mentions the card "Dark Magician"" in the effects of cards like "Magician's Rod" means that the card name "Dark Magician"" is listed in the effect text, excluding cards that only say "Dark Magician" in places outside the effect text section, like in their card name or illustration.
• For the case of "The Eye of Timaeus" that does not specifically list a particular card name by saying "a "Dark Magician" Monster", it is not treated as a "card that specifically lists/mentions the card "Dark Magician"", even if "Dark Magician" is placed in its effect text.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 56

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The text "A Ritual Monster whose name is listed on a Ritual Spell Card" means a Ritual Monster whose card name is written in the effect text of the corresponding Ritual Spell Card, like how "Black Luster Soldier" is written in the effect text of "Black Luster Ritual"^[1].

• In cases in which a particular card name is not designated, like how ""Black Luster Soldier" Ritual Monster" is written in the text of "Super Soldier Ritual", this is not treated as "a Ritual Monster whose name is listed on a Ritual Spell Card"^[1].
• If the card names of 2 or more Ritual Monsters are written in the Ritual Spell Card chosen by "Pre-Preparation of Rites", 1 of them is added to the hand. If at the time of the resolution of the effect of "Pre-Preparation of Rites" it is not possible to add the chosen Ritual Spell Card and the corresponding Ritual Monster to the hand, neither can be added to the hand ("and" conjunctive)^[1][2].
  Example

  You can add "Rebirth of Nephthys" to your hand with the effect of "Pre-Preparation of Rites" and you must add either "Devotee of Nephthys" or "Cerulean Sacred Phoenix of Nephthys" to your hand. Therefore, you can activate "Pre-Preparation of Rites" as long as "Rebirth of Nephthys" exists in your Deck, and either "Devotee of Nephthys" or "Cerulean Sacred Phoenix of Nephthys" exist in your Deck/Graveyard.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 57
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Rebirth of Nephthys", "Pre-Preparation of Rites"

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If a card "Fusion Summons a Fusion Monster that lists [card name] as material", it must use a material requirement that meets [card name], and must also use a monster that meets [card name] to meet that specific requirement.

Example

You control a "Goddess with the Third Eye" (LIGHT) and a "Fallen of Albaz" (DARK). When you resolve "Branded Fusion", you can't Fusion Summon "Lubellion the Searing Dragon", which lists "1 DARK monster + "Fallen of Albaz"" as the necessary materials. The effect of "Goddess with the Third Eye" allows it to substitute for a Fusion Material, but does not change its name.

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: If a card "Fusion Summons a Fusion Monster that lists [card name] as material", it must use a material requirement that meets [card name], and must also use a monster that meets [card name] to meet that specific requirement

---

Examples
	King of the Swamp This card in your hand, field, or GY can be used as a substitute for any 1 Fusion Material whose name is mentioned on the Fusion Monster Card, but the other materials must be correct. You can discard this card to the GY; add 1 "Polymerization" from your Deck to your hand.
	Fusion Parasite This card can be used as a substitute for any 1 Fusion Material whose name is specifically listed on the Fusion Monster Card, but the other Fusion Material(s) must be correct. Cannot be used as Fusion Material otherwise. If this card is Special Summoned (except during the Damage Step): You can Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, using monsters you control as Fusion Materials, including this card.
	Shaddoll Core Special Summon this card as an Effect Monster (Spellcaster/DARK/Level 9/ATK 1450/DEF 1950). (This card is also still a Trap.) If Summoned this way, you can substitute this monster for 1 Fusion Material that lists an Attribute, on a "Shaddoll" Fusion Monster Card. If this card is sent to the GY by a card effect: You can target 1 "Shaddoll" Spell/Trap in your GY, except "Shaddoll Core"; add it to your hand.

• Fusion Substitutes cannot apply while in the Deck, or while banished^[1].

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Fusion Substitutes cannot apply while in the Deck, or while banished

---

If a card "Fusion Summons a Fusion Monster that lists [card name] as material", it must use a material requirement that meets [card name], and must also use a monster that meets [card name] to meet that specific requirement.

Example

You control a "Goddess with the Third Eye" (LIGHT) and a "Fallen of Albaz" (DARK). When you resolve "Branded Fusion", you can't Fusion Summon "Lubellion the Searing Dragon", which lists "1 DARK monster + "Fallen of Albaz"" as the necessary materials. The effect of "Goddess with the Third Eye" allows it to substitute for a Fusion Material, but does not change its name.

---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: If a card "Fusion Summons a Fusion Monster that lists [card name] as material", it must use a material requirement that meets [card name], and must also use a monster that meets [card name] to meet that specific requirement

---

Examples
	Centur-Ion Primera While this card is a Continuous Trap, Level 5 or higher "Centur-Ion" monsters you control cannot be destroyed by card effects. You can only use each of the following effects of "Centur-Ion Primera" once per turn. If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can add 1 "Centur-Ion" card from your Deck to your hand, except "Centur-Ion Primera", also you cannot Special Summon "Centur-Ion Primera" for the rest of this turn. During the Main Phase, if this card is a Continuous Trap: You can Special Summon this card.
	Divine Temple of the Snake-Eye When this card is activated: You can place 1 "Snake-Eye" monster from your hand, Deck, or GY face-up in its owner's Spell & Trap Zone as a Continuous Spell. Level 1 FIRE monsters you control gain 1100 ATK. Once per turn, if your opponent Normal or Special Summons a monster(s) (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 Monster Card on the field treated as a Continuous Spell; Special Summon it to your field. You can only activate 1 "Divine Temple of the Snake-Eye" per turn.
	Pendulum Switch You can target 1 card in your Pendulum Zone; Special Summon it. You can target 1 Pendulum Monster in your Monster Zone; place that Pendulum Monster in your Pendulum Zone. You can only use 1 "Pendulum Switch" effect per turn, and only once that turn.

• Regarding Monster cards:
  • Changing from only-Spell/Trap to only-Monster creates a new copy: an effect (1) targets a Monster Card (2) in the Spell/Trap Zone ((1) is not treated as a Monster). If another card is chained to (1) and summons (2) to the Monster Zone, then (2) is no longer treated as the same card that was targeted by (1), so (1) does not resolve successfully^[1][4].
    Example

    While a "Centur-Ion Primera" is treated as a Continuous Trap in the Spell & Trap Zone, "Baronne de Fleur"'s "target 1 card on the field; destroy it" effect has been activated by targeting it. In response, "Centur-Ion Primera"'s effect is activated, which Special Summons it from the Spell & Trap Zone and it resolves. By the time "Baronne de Fleur"'s effect resolves, the "Centur-Ion Primera" has changed from being a Continuous Trap to being a Monster. (It is no longer a Continuous Trap.) As a result, it is no longer targeted by the effect of "Baronne de Fleur" and nothing happens.

    ---

  • Changing from only-Monster to only-Spell/Trap creates a new copy: similary, if (1) targets (2) while in a Monster Zone but (2) is placed in the Spell/Trap Zone, (2) is no longer treated as the same card that was targeted by (1), so (1) does not resolve successfully^[2].
    Example

    "Stargazer Magician" is face-up in your Monster Zone, and "Pendulum Switch" is face-up in your Spell & Trap Zone. In this situation, if your opponent activates "Raigeki Break" and targets "Stargazer Magician", but you chain the effect of "Pendulum Switch" that places it in the Pendulum Zone, when "Raigeki Break" resolves, the targeted "Stargazer Magician" will be in your Pendulum Zone due to the effect of "Pendulum Switch". In this case, "Stargazer Magician" is no longer treated as the same card that was targeted by "Raigeki Break", so it is not destroyed.

    ---

• Regarding Spell/Trap cards:
  • An effect (1) targets a Spell/Trap Card (2) in the Spell/Trap Zone. If another card is chained to (1) and summons (2) to the Monster Zone (and (2) is not treated as a Spell/Trap at resolution), then (2) is no longer treated as the same card that was targeted by (1), so (1) does not resolve successfully^[3].
    Example

    Your opponent has activated "Raigeki Break" by targeting a Set The "Phantom Knights of Shade Brigandine" in your Spell & Trap Zone. If you now activate that"Phantom Knights of Shade Brigandine" in response, "Phantom Knights of Shade Brigandine" will first be Special Summoned when resolving its Trap Card. At this time, since it is no longer treated as a Trap Card, it also stops being targeted by "Raigeki Break". Therefore, "Raigeki Break"'s effect is then not applied.

    ---

  • Changing from only-Trap to Monster Trap, it does not create a new copy^[5].
    Example

    Your opponent has activated "Raigeki Break" by targeting a Set "Conquistador of the Golden Land" in your Spell & Trap Zone. If you now activate that "Conquistador of the Golden Land" in response, you first Special Summon it as a Normal Monster (which is still also treated as a Trap) to the Monster Zone, and potentially destroying a card on the field. Then, after that, that "Conquistador of the Golden Land" in the Monster Zone will be destroyed when the effect of "Raigeki Break" resolves.

    ---

Effect interactions

• Tokens
  
  • Tokens cannot be Special Summoned from the Spell & Trap Zone^[6].
    Example

    "The Grand Jupiter" can be equipped with a Token by its own effect. The equipped Token cannot be targeted when activating the last effect of "The Grand Jupiter" that Special Summons one of the monsters equipped to it.

    ---

• Another example being "Divine Temple of the Snake-Eye": it cannot summon a Token from the Spell/Trap Zone^[7].

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Changing from only-Spell to only-Monster creates a new copy
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Changing from only-Monster to only-Spell creates a new copy
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Raigeki Break","The Phantom Knights of Shade Brigandine"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Centur-Ion Primera", "Baronne de Fleur"
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Changing from only-Trap to Monster/Trap does not create a new copy
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Tokens cannot be Special Summoned from the Spell & Trap Zone
7. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Divine Temple of the Snake-Eye"

---

Examples
	Droll & Lock Bird If a card(s) is added from the Main Deck to your opponent's hand, except during the Draw Phase (Quick Effect): You can send this card from your hand to the GY; for the rest of this turn, cards cannot be added from either player's Main Deck to the hand.
	Forbidden Chalice Target 1 face-up monster on the field; until the end of this turn, that target gains 400 ATK, but its effects are negated.
	Dimensional Barrier Declare 1 monster card type (Ritual, Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, or Pendulum); for the rest of this turn, neither player can Special Summon monsters of the declared type, also negate the effects of all monsters of that type while they are on the field. You can only activate 1 "Dimensional Barrier" per turn.

Effect interactions

• Negate Effects
  A face-up card has applied an effect that lasts for this turn. If in this same turn that card has its effects negated, the previously applied effect will still linger for the turn^[1].
  Example

  You successfully Fusion Summoned a "Prank-Kids Rocket Ride" and activated its effect this turn. If "Skill Drain" is activated after the effect of "Prank-Kids Rocket Ride" has resolved, and its effects are negated, "Prank-Kids Rocket Ride" will no longer lose 1000 ATK, but it will still be able to attack directly with its effect that turn.

  ---

• Unaffected
  Cards that become unaffected after a lingering effect has activated and is already applying, will be unaffected by that lingering effect^[2].
  Example

  "Diamond Core of Koa'ki Meiru"'s effect in the Graveyard has been applied this turn, "Koa'ki Meiru" monsters you control cannot be destroyed. If "Forbidden Lance" is later applied to your "Koa'ki Meiru Overload", causing it target to become unaffected by Spell effects, so the effect of "Diamond Core of Koa'ki Meiru" will not be applied to that unaffected monster. In this situation, if your opponent then activates "Nekroz of Gungnir"'s effect targeting your "Koa'ki Meiru Overload", "Koa'ki Meiru Overload" will be destroyed as normal by the effect of "Nekroz of Gungnir".

  ---

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Prank-Kids Rocket Ride", "Skill Drain"
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Diamond Core of Koa'ki Meiru", "Forbidden Lance"

---

Examples
	Quantum Cat Activate this card by declaring 1 Monster Type and 1 Attribute; Special Summon this card as a Normal Monster (Level 4/ATK 0/DEF 2200) with that Type and Attribute. (This card is also still a Trap.)
	Abyss Stungray Special Summon this card as an Effect Monster (Thunder-Type/LIGHT/Level 5/ATK 1900/DEF 0). (This card is also still a Trap Card.) If Summoned this way, this card cannot be destroyed by battle.
	Space Dragster Special Summon this card as an Effect Monster (Machine-Type/Tuner/FIRE/Level 1/ATK 0/DEF 1800). (This card is also still a Trap Card.) If Summoned this way, other Tuners you control cannot be destroyed by battle or your opponent's card effects while this card is in the Monster Zone.

• If a Trap Card says it becomes a Monster Card after activation, 1 Main Monster Zone is chosen when it resolves and it is Special Summoned to that location^[1].
• The original ATK of Traps treated as monsters is the value determined by the effect that summoned them^[3].
• Trap Monsters that say "This card is also still a Trap." do not occupy both a Monster Zone and a Spell & Trap Zone. They are only in the Monster Zone (where the card actually is) and do not take up a Spell & Trap Zone^[2].
• A Trap Card treated as a Monster Card by its own effect is treated as a Trap Card (written on the card's text) and a Monster Card. As a result, it can be destroyed by cards that destroy monsters and cards that destroy Spells or Traps^[1].
• If a Trap Card treated as a Monster Card by its own effect has effects of its own, it is treated as an Effect Monster (written on the card's text)^[1][5].
• Activated effects of Trap Cards treated as Monster Cards are still applied even if that Trap Card leaves the field, in most cases^[1][4].
• Changing from only-Trap to Monster Trap, it does not create a new copy^[6].
  Example

  Your opponent has activated "Raigeki Break" by targeting a Set "Conquistador of the Golden Land" in your Spell & Trap Zone. If you now activate that "Conquistador of the Golden Land" in response, you first Special Summon it as a Normal Monster (which is still also treated as a Trap) to the Monster Zone, and potentially destroying a card on the field. Then, after that, that "Conquistador of the Golden Land" in the Monster Zone will be destroyed when the effect of "Raigeki Break" resolves.

  ---

Effect interactions

• Banish until (temporarily banish a card)
  A Trap Treated as a Monster (strill treated as a Trap) is being banished until the End Phase by a card effect. Once the Trap returns to the field to the Monster Zone during the End Phase, it will no longer be treated as a monster, and will immediately be sent to the Graveyard^[7].
• Change to Face-down Defense Position
  
  • If a Trap Card treated as a Monster Card by its own effect is flipped face-down by an effect, it is placed face-down in the Spell & Trap Zone. It can be activated in the next turn and become a Monster Card once again^[1].
• Changing from Monster Trap to Trap, it does not create a new copy^[8]
  Example

  If the second effect of "Galaxy Cyclone" is activated by targeting an "Embodiment of Apophis" treated as a monster, and then "Book of Moon" is chained so that "Embodiment of Apophis" is Set, the targeted card is destroyed normally.

  ---

• Negate Effects
  
  • After you negate monster effects of a Trap Card treated as a Monster Card, its Trap Effect that it applies to itself is not negated, so the card remains in the Monster Zone^[9].
  • After you negate trap effects of a Trap Card treated as a Monster Card, its Trap Effect that is applied to itself is negated, so it is no longer treated as a monster and cannot exist in the Monster Zone. Thus, it will be placed in the Spell & Trap Zone face-up (even if the negation effect is no longer applied, the Trap Card will not be Special Summoned to the Monster Zone again)^[9].
  Example

  A Continuous Trap Card that has an effect of becoming a monster, such as "Angel Statue - Azurune", has been Special Summoned to your Monster Zone by applying its own Trap Effect:

  • If the effect of a previously Set "Infinite Impermanence" that negates all other Spell/Trap effects in its column is applied to "Angel Statue - Azurune" in the Monster Zone, its Trap Effect that is applied to itself is negated, so it is no longer treated as a monster and cannot exist in the Monster Zone. Thus, it will be placed in the Spell & Trap Zone face-up. (even if the effect of "Infinite Impermanence" is no longer applied, "Angel Statue - Azurune" will not be Special Summoned to the Monster Zone again).
  • However, if just the effect of "Infinite Impermanence" that negates the effects of its target applies to "Angel Statue - Azurune" that is treated as an Effect Monster, only its Monster Effects will be negated. In this case, its Trap Effect that it applies to itself is not negated, so "Angel Statue - Azurune" remains in the Monster Zone.

  ---

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 169-170
2. Official KONAMI's 2021 rules update
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Original ATK of Traps treated as monsters
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Monster/Trap hybrids' monster effects if they leave the field
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Spell/Trap Cards, and their effects
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Changing from only-Trap to Monster/Trap does not create a new copy
7. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Temporary banishment & Trap Monsters
8. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Changing from Monster+Trap to Trap does not create a new copy
9. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Negating monster effects of a Monster/Trap hybrid

---

Examples
	The Phantom Knights of Shade Brigandine Special Summon this card in Defense Position as a Normal Monster (Warrior/DARK/Level 4/ATK 0/DEF 300). (This card is NOT treated as a Trap.) If you have no Traps in your GY, you can activate this card the turn it was Set. You can only activate 1 "The Phantom Knights of Shade Brigandine" per turn.
	The Prime Monarch Once per turn: You can target 2 "Monarch" Spells/Traps in your GY; shuffle them into the Deck, then draw 1 card. If this card is in your GY: You can banish 1 other "Monarch" Spell/Trap from your GY; Special Summon this card in Defense Position as a Normal Monster (Fairy/LIGHT/Level 5/ATK 1000/DEF 2400). (This card is NOT treated as a Trap.) You can only use this effect of "The Prime Monarch" once per turn.
	Paleozoic Dinomischus Target 1 face-up card on the field; discard 1 card, and if you do, banish it. Once per Chain, when a Trap Card is activated while this card is in your GY: You can Special Summon this card as a Normal Monster (Aqua/WATER/Level 2/ATK 1200/DEF 0). (This card is NOT treated as a Trap.) If Summoned this way, this card is unaffected by monster effects, also banish it when it leaves the field.

• Trap Cards treated as Monster Cards which say they are not treated as a Trap Card, like "The Phantom Knights of Shade Brigandine", are only treated as Monster Cards. As a result, they cannot be destroyed by effects that destroy Spell or Trap Cards^[1].
• The original ATK of Traps treated as monsters is the value determined by the effect that summoned them^[2].
• An effect (1) targets a Spell/Trap Card (2) in the Spell/Trap Zone. If another card is chained to (1) and summons (2) to the Monster Zone (and (2) is not treated as a Spell/Trap at resolution), then (2) is no longer treated as the same card that was targeted by (1), so (1) does not resolve successfully^[3].
  Example

  Your opponent has activated "Raigeki Break" by targeting a Set The "Phantom Knights of Shade Brigandine" in your Spell & Trap Zone. If you now activate that"Phantom Knights of Shade Brigandine" in response, "Phantom Knights of Shade Brigandine" will first be Special Summoned when resolving its Trap Card. At this time, since it is no longer treated as a Trap Card, it also stops being targeted by "Raigeki Break". Therefore, "Raigeki Break"'s effect is then not applied.

  ---

Effect interactions

• Banish until (temporarily banish a card)
  A Trap Treated as a Monster (not treated as a Trap) is being banished until the End Phase by a card effect. Once the Trap returns to the field to the Monster Zone during the End Phase, it will no longer be treated as a monster, and will immediately be sent to the Graveyard^[4].
  Example

  You have resolved "S:P Little Knight"'s "banish both [targeted monsters] until the End Phase" effect, banishing both itself and "Traptrix Holeutea". Both cards are banished, and both return to the Monster Zone during the End Phase. At that point, "Traptrix Holeutea" is immediately sent to the Graveyard.

  ---

• Change to Face-down Defense Position
  Even if a Trap Card treated as a Monster Card which says it is not treated as a Trap Card is flipped face-down by the effect of "Book of Moon" or something similar, it is flipped face-down in the Main Monster Zone. If it is flipped face-up again, it is treated as a Monster according to what its text indicates^[1].
• Negate Effects
  Even when a Trap Card treated as a Monster Card which says it is not treated as a Trap Card has its effects negated, it remains in the Main Monster Zone^[1].

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 pages 169-170
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Original ATK of Traps treated as monsters
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Raigeki Break","The Phantom Knights of Shade Brigandine"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "S:P Little Knight" more interactions

---

Examples
	Artifact Lancea You can Set this card from your hand to your Spell & Trap Zone as a Spell. During your opponent's turn, if this Set card in the Spell & Trap Zone is destroyed and sent to your GY: Special Summon it. During your opponent's turn (Quick Effect): You can Tribute this card from your hand or face-up field; neither player can banish cards for the rest of this turn.
	Black Illusion Ritual This card is used to Ritual Summon "Relinquished". You must also Tribute a monster from your hand or field whose Level is 1 or more.
	Vendread Reorigin Target 1 face-up monster your opponent controls that has a Level; Tribute it, and if you do, Special Summon 1 "Vendread Token" (Zombie/DARK/ATK 0/DEF 0) with a Level equal to the Tributed monster's original Level. While the Token Special Summoned by this effect is on the field, you cannot Normal or Special Summon monsters, except "Vendread" monsters.

Tributing is sending a monster you control to the Graveyard. You can Tribute a face-up or face-down monster, unless otherwise specified. Tributing a monster is one possible cost for Summoning a monster or activating an effect. A monster sent to the Graveyard by Tributing is not treated as "destroyed."

References:

1. Official rulebook page 55

---

Sending monsters on the field to the Graveyard for a Tribute Summon is called Tributing.

• Face-down monsters on the field can also be Tributed.
• The Tributes are performed at the time the Tribute Summon is declared, before the monster that would be Normal Summoned/Set is placed on the field. Even if the Tribute Summon is negated, the Tributed monsters are sent to the Graveyard normally.
• You can only Tribute monsters you control.
• Monster Tokens on the field can also be Tributed. In this case, the tokens are not sent to the Graveyard and they are removed from the Duel.
• Trap Cards treated as monsters on the field can also be Tributed. In that case, that Tributed Trap Card is sent to the Graveyard, providing no particular effect is being applied.
• If "Mask of Restrict" has been activated, so that monsters cannot be Tributed, a Tribute Summon cannot be performed.
• Monsters that you control in the Extra Monster Zones can also be used as tributes for a Tribute Summon.
• Even if "Macro Cosmos" or something similar is being applied, so that monsters that would be sent to the Graveyard are banished, monsters can still be Tributed. In that case, the Tributed monsters are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 79

---

Tributes for a ritual are sent to the Graveyard as a result of the effect of the Ritual Spell Card.

• If the activation of the Ritual Spell Card is negated, since the resolution is not performed, the Tributing is not performed either.
• Unless stated otherwise, you can only Tribute monsters in your posssession.
• If the Ritual Spell says "whose total Levels equal [X]", you must Tribute monsters so that the sum of the Level matches that value exactly. Also, if "whose total Levels equal [X] or more" is written, the sum does not need to be exactly equal as long as it is equal or more.
• The number of Tributed monsters cannot be higher than necessary.
  Example

  If "Prediction Ritual" is activated and its effect that says "You must also Tribute monsters from your hand or field whose total Levels equal 9 or more" resolves, you cannot Tribute a Level 9 and a Level 2 monster, as the Levels already add up to 9 or more with only 1 monster. You can Tribute a Level 5 and a Level 6 monster.

  ---

• Monster Tokens on the field can also be Tributed. In that case, Tokens that would be sent to the Graveyard are removed from the Duel.
• Since Xyz Monsters and Link Monsters do not have a Level, they cannot be used for the tributes of a Ritual Summon.
• Trap Cards treated as monsters on the field can also be tributed. In that case, the Tributed Trap Cards are sent to the Graveyard.
• The Tributes for the Ritual Summon are Tributed by an effect, but afterwards the Ritual Summon is performed. For that reason, optional Trigger Effects that read "when it is sent to the Graveyard, you can do [effect]" that can be activated in that timing cannot be activated during that procedure.

References:

1. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 86

---

Reminder of costs:

• Costs must be performed at the time the card is activated, and even if the activation or effect of the card is negated, they are not refunded^[2].
• If the player cannot suffice the costs, they cannot activate the card^[2].
• Costs are not treated as card effects^[2].
• Unless stated otherwise, costs can only be paid with cards in your possession^[2].
• Even if a card's effect is being negated (such as by "Skill Drain"), it is still possible to activate its effects (which would require paying the cost)^[1].

In order to activate effects that read "Tribute [X];", those monsters need to be Tributed. The Tributed monsters are sent to the Graveyard^[3].

• The Tributed monsters are not treated as being destroyed. As a result, they are treated as being sent to the Graveyard^[3].
• Even if the monsters that would be Tributed need to meet certain requirements, face-down monsters on the field can be sent to the Graveyard^[3].
  Example

  A face-down "Master Pendulum, the Dracoslayer" can be Tributed as a cost to activate the effect of "Dracocension", which reads "You can Tribute 1 Dragon-Type monster that has a Level; Special Summon, from your Deck, 1 Wyrm-Type monster with the same Level as the Tributed monster's original Level, and if you do, any monster destroyed by battle with that monster is shuffled into the Deck instead of going to the Graveyard.".

  ---

• If "Macro Cosmos" or something similar is being applied, so that monsters that would be sent to the Graveyard are banished, you can still Tribute monsters. In that case, the Tributed monsters are not sent to the Graveyard and are banished instead^[3].

References:

1. Yugipedia
2. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 131
3. OCG Perfect Rulebook 2017 page 131

---

Examples
	Raidraptor - Ultimate Falcon 3 Level 10 Winged Beast monsters Unaffected by other cards' effects. You can detach 1 material from this card; for the rest of this turn, all monsters your opponent controls lose 1000 ATK, also your opponent cannot activate cards or effects. If this card has a "Raidraptor" monster as material, it gains this effect. ● Once per turn, during the End Phase: You can make all monsters your opponent controls lose 1000 ATK, also if your opponent controls no face-up monsters, inflict 1000 damage to your opponent.
	Expurrely Noir 2 Level 7 monsters You can also Xyz Summon this card by using a Rank 2 monster you control with 5 or more materials. (Transfer its materials to this card.) This card is unaffected by your opponent's activated effects while it has 5 or more materials. You can detach 2 materials from this card, then target 1 card your opponent controls or in their GY; place it on the bottom of the Deck. This is a Quick Effect if this card has a Level 1 "Purrely" monster as material.
	Spellbook of Wisdom Target 1 Spellcaster monster on the field, then activate 1 of these effects; ● That face-up monster is unaffected by other Spell effects this turn. ● That face-up monster is unaffected by Trap effects this turn.

• Copies stop being unaffected the moment they stop existing: if a card that is unaffected by cards' effects leaves the field, for example by paying a cost, it stops being unaffected by cards' effects^[1].
  Example

  You activated "Harpie's Feather Storm" during this turn, and its effect "that negates any monster effect activated by your opponent is applying". In this situation, if your opponent uses "Forbidden Lance" to make their "Cardcar D" unaffected by Spell/Trap effects, and then activates its effect draws 2 cards by Tributing it, the effect of "Forbidden Lance" stops applying and "Harpie's Feather Storm" is not treated as an effect that affects the monster on the field. Therefore, the effect of "Cardcar D" is negated by "Harpie's Feather Storm".

  ---

• Effects that read "your opponent chooses 1 monster they control and do [A]" still affects the chosen monster^[2][3].
  Example

  When resolving "Compulsory Escape Device", your opponent can choose "Elemental HERO Wildheart". In this case, it is not returned to the Deck, but remains on the field (if the opponent selected a monster that is affected by Trap Cards, it is returned to the Deck as usual).

  ---

Effect interactions

• Text that determines Materials and Summoning procedures
  
  • The text "You can also use 1 monster your opponent controls as material to Link Summon this card" of "Underworld Goddess of the Closed World" is not an effect, therefore an opponent's monster that is unaffected by monster effects can still be used as a Link Material^[4].
• The text "You can Special Summon this card (from your hand) to your opponent's field in Attack Position, by Tributing 1 monster they control" of a "Kaiju" Monster is not an effect, therefore an opponent's monster that is unaffected by monster effects can still be tributed^[5].
• Counters
  Placing a counter affects the monster^[6]:
  • A monster (1) that has a counter placed on it and an effect is applying to all monsters with that counter (2). Even if (1) becomes unaffected by cards' effects, the counter is not removed and (2) keeps applying and affecting (1).
  • A monster (1) is unaffected or becomes unaffected by cards' effects. Subsequent effects that try to put counters on (1) will not put any counter on (1).
  Example

  A monster has had a "Cubic Counter" placed on it by the effect of "Vijam the Cubic Seed". Once a monster has had a "Cubic Counter" placed on it, even if the effect of "Number 81: Superdreadnought Rail Cannon Super Dora" is then applied to the monster, the "Cubic Counter" is not removed. That monster remains unable to attack, and its effects remain negated. Conversely, if the effect of "Number 81: Superdreadnought Rail Cannon Super Dora" has already been applied to a monster, and that monster then battles a "Vijam the Cubic Seed" whose effect then resolves, no "Cubic Counter" will be placed on the monster (As a result, its effects will not be negated, and it will still be able to attack).

  ---

• Attach
  If an effect (1) that involves attaching a card (2) as an Xyz Material to an Xyz Monster on the field (3) is activated, if (3) is unaffected by cards' effects, then (1) resolves without attaching (2) to (3)^[7].
  Example

  If "Overlay Regen" is activated, but "Forbidden Lance" is chained so that the targeted monster becomes unaffected by other Spell/Trap effects, it is not possible to attach "Overlay Regen" to the targeted monster as an Xyz Material, as it is unaffected by Spell effects. As a result, "Overlay Regen" is sent to the Graveyard. Also, if "Overlay Regen" is activated by targeting a monster that has already become unaffected by other Spell/Trap effects because of "Forbidden Lance", it is still not possible to attach "Overlay Regen" to the targeted monster as an Xyz Material.

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• Cannot target for attacks
  
  • Preventing monsters from being targeted for an attack affects the monsters doing the attack targeting^[8].
    Example

    You control a face-up "Twilight Ninja Shingetsu" and a face-up "Twilight Ninja Nichirin, the Chunin", and the opponent controls a "Skypalace Gangaridai" affected by the effect of "Number 81: Superdreadnought Rail Cannon Super Dora". The effect of "Twilight Ninja Shingetsu" that prevents other "Ninja" Monsters you control from being targeted for attacks is an effect that affects the monsters performing attacks. Therefore, in the proposed scenario, since "Skypalace Gangaridai" is not affected by the effects of other cards, "Twilight Ninja Nichirin, the Chunin" can be targeted for an attack.

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• This is true for both effects that say "monsters your opponent controls cannot target X for attacks" like "Twilight Ninja Shingetsu" and effects that say "your opponent cannot target X for attacks" like "The Winged Dragon of Ra - Sphere Mode": a monster unaffected by those cards can still target them for attacks^[9].
• Cannot target for effects
  If you are not applying an effect to the monster, preventing a monster from being targeted does not affect the monster^[10].
  Example

  "Ancient Gear Fortress" and a "Chaos Ancient Gear Giant" which you Fusion Summoned this turn are on the field. Since "Chaos Ancient Gear Giant" is unaffected by Spell effects, the "they cannot be destroyed by your opponent's card effects" effect of "Ancient Gear Fortress" does not apply to it. (For example, it could be destroyed by your opponent's monster effects). However, the "your opponent cannot target "Ancient Gear" monsters you control with card effects" effect of "Ancient Gear Fortress" does not affect monsters. Therefore, your opponent will still be unable to target "Chaos Ancient Gear Giant" with card effects this turn.

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• Change attack target
  Changing the attack target affects the monster^[11].
  Example

  When your opponent's "Tatsunoko" attacks directly, you activate the effect of a "Dark Spirit of Banishment" in your hand at the start of the Damage Step, targeting a "Curse Necrofear" in your Graveyard. In this scenario, since your opponent's "Tatsunoko" is unaffected by monster effects, it is unaffected by the effect of "Dark Spirit of Banishment" that changes its attack target and performs damage calculation. Although "Curse Necrofear" is still Special Summoned by the effect of "Dark Spirit of Banishment", it does not become the new attack target, so "Tatsunoko" continues its attack normally as a direct attack.

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• If [X] would be destroyed, you can do [A] instead: Destruction Substitution
  Substitution does not affect the protected monster^[12].
  Example

  If your "Horus the Black Flame Dragon LV6", which is unaffected by Spell effects due to its own effect, would be destroyed by battle or card effect, you can apply the effect of "Return of the Dragon Lords" in my Graveyard.

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• Negate Activation of Effects
  Negating an effect's activation affects the activating card^[13].
  Example

  Your opponent activates the effect of "Master Peace, the True Dracoslaying King" that destroys 1 other card on the field, while it is also unaffected by monster and Trap effects as a result of being Tribute Summoned by Tributing a monster and a Continuous Trap Card. In this case, if you chain "Recall", since "Master Peace, the True Dracoslaying King" is unaffected by Trap Cards, the activation of its effect is not negated by "Recall" and it is not destroyed, so its effect destroys the targeted card normally. Even in that case, your opponent draws 1 card.

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• This turn/For the rest of the turn/Until [X] turn, apply [A]: Lingering Effects
  Cards that become unaffected after a lingering effect has activated and is already applying, will be unaffected by that lingering effect^[14].
  Example

  "Diamond Core of Koa'ki Meiru"'s effect in the Graveyard has been applied this turn, "Koa'ki Meiru" monsters you control cannot be destroyed. If "Forbidden Lance" is later applied to your "Koa'ki Meiru Overload", causing it target to become unaffected by Spell effects, so the effect of "Diamond Core of Koa'ki Meiru" will not be applied to that unaffected monster. In this situation, if your opponent then activates "Nekroz of Gungnir"'s effect targeting your "Koa'ki Meiru Overload", "Koa'ki Meiru Overload" will be destroyed as normal by the effect of "Nekroz of Gungnir".

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• "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill"
  You can use "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill" targeting a monster unaffected by cards effects. In this scenario, the monster's effects won't be negated but the controller of that monster will still take damage when it leaves the field^[15].

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Copies stop being unaffected the moment they stop existing
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Compulsory Escape Device", "Elemental HERO Wildheart"
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Metaphys Horus"
4. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Underworld Goddess of the Closed World" using an opponent's monster that is unaffected
5. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Metaltron XII, the True Dracombatant", "Kumongous, the Sticky String Kaiju"
6. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Placing a counter affects the monster
7. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Attaching material affects the monster being attached to
8. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Preventing monsters from being targeted for an attack affects the monsters doing the attack targeting
9. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "The Winged Dragon of Ra - Sphere Mode"
10. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Preventing a monster from being targeted does not affect the monster (Unless you are applying an effect to the monster)
11. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Changing the attack target affects the monster
12. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Substitution does not affect the protected monster
13. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Negating an effect's activation affects the activating card
14. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Diamond Core of Koa'ki Meiru", "Forbidden Lance"
15. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill" targets a monster that is unaffected

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Examples
	Expurrely Noir 2 Level 7 monsters You can also Xyz Summon this card by using a Rank 2 monster you control with 5 or more materials. (Transfer its materials to this card.) This card is unaffected by your opponent's activated effects while it has 5 or more materials. You can detach 2 materials from this card, then target 1 card your opponent controls or in their GY; place it on the bottom of the Deck. This is a Quick Effect if this card has a Level 1 "Purrely" monster as material.
	Sangen Summoning During your Main Phase 1, FIRE Dragon monsters you control are unaffected by your opponent's activated effects. During your Main Phase: You can add 1 "Tenpai Dragon" monster from your Deck to your hand, then discard 1 card. You can only use this effect of "Sangen Summoning" once per turn. If this card is destroyed during the Battle Phase: You can target 1 Dragon Synchro Monster you control; double its ATK.
	Ancient Gear Duel "Ancient Gear Golem", and monsters that mention it, in your Monster Zone are unaffected by your opponent's activated monster effects. If your opponent controls a monster: You can Fusion Summon 1 Fusion Monster that mentions "Ancient Gear Golem" from your Extra Deck, by banishing monsters from your field or GY as material, including "Ancient Gear Golem" you control, and if you do, it can make up to 3 attacks during each Battle Phase. You can only use this effect of "Ancient Gear Duel" once per turn.

• Monsters which are "unaffected by activated effects" will be unaffected by any effect that is applied when the Chain Link formed by an activation resolves. However, any other effect will apply to them normally^[1].
• Continuous/lingering effects that begin applying when the Chain Link formed by the card activation resolves, these effects will continue to apply to monsters afterwards. Therefore, these effects can affect monsters that are "unaffected by activated effects"^[1].
  Example

  The effects of "Skill Drain" and "Dimensional Barrier" will negate the effects of "Cyberdark End Dragon", and the effect of "Crackdown" will take control of "Cyberdark End Dragon".

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• Effects that apply at a later point can affect monsters that are "unaffected by activated effects"^[2].
  Example

  Your opponent controls a "Cyberdark End Dragon", and its effect that makes it unaffected by your activated effects is applying. You control a "Blue-Eyes White Dragon", to which the effect of "The Ultimate Creature of Destruction" has been applied, causing any monster it battles to be destroyed at the End of the Damage Step. If the two monsters battle, you receive 2000 points of Battle Damage when damage calculation is conducted, which is the difference between the monsters' ATK. Then, at the End of the Damage Step, the opponent's "Cyberdark End Dragon" is destroyed. Here, the effect of "The Ultimate Creature of Destruction" that destroys an opponent's monster that battles your targeted monster is not an effect that applies while resolving the Chain Link formed by "The Ultimate Creature of Destruction"'s activation. Instead, it is an effect that applies later, at the End of the Damage Step, when the monster that was targeted by the effect battles. Therefore, it can destroy a monster that is unaffected by "The Ultimate Creature of Destruction"'s activated effect.

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Effect interactions

• During the [X] Phase, [A]: Delayed effects
  Effects that apply later (delayed effects) also applies after the Chain Link formed by their activation has finished resolving. Therefore, they can also affect monsters that are "unaffected by activated effects"^[1].
  Example

  "Mirrorjade the Iceblade Dragon"'s effect will destroy "Cyberdark End Dragon" during the End Phase.

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References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Unaffected by activated effects" and what it means
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Unaffected by activated effects" and effects that apply at a later point

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Here are rulings pertaining some very specific cards.

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Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill If your opponent Special Summons a monster(s) face-up (except during the Damage Step): You can discard this card, then target 1 of those face-up monsters; negate its effects until the end of this turn, also if that face-up monster leaves the field this turn, its controller takes damage equal to its original ATK. You can only use this effect of "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill" once per turn.

You can activate the effect of "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill" by targeting a monster that meets at least one of the following^[1]:

• The monster's printed ATK is neither 0 nor "?".
• The monster's effects are not negated, and it is an Effect Monster or a Gemini Monster.

Examples:

• Normal Monster: you can activate "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill"'s effect if the monster's printed ATK is neither 0 nor "?".
• Token: you can activate "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill"'s effect if the printed ATK for the Token, listed on the effect that Summoned it, is neither 0 nor "?".
  For example, an "Adventurer Token" (Summoned by "Rite of Aramesir") has 2000 ATK listed in "Rite of Aramesir"'s text; you can target the "Adventurer Token" with "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill""'s effect.
  On the other hand, a "Primal Being Token" (Summoned by "Nibiru, the Primal Being"'s effect) has "?" ATK listed in "Nibiru, the Primal Being"'s text; you cannot target a "Primal Being Token" with "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill"'s effect.
• Effect Monster with 0 ATK: you can generally activate "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill"'s effect. However, if the monster's effects are already being negated, such as if it is Special Summoned while "Skill Drain" is already applying, and the monster's printed ATK is 0 or "?", you cannot activate "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill"'s effect.

Effect interactions

• Change/Take/Give/Switch Control
  The player who takes damage from the effect of "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill" is the one who controls the targeted monster when it leaves the field^[2].
  Example

  When your opponent Special Summoned "Blue-Eyes Alternative White Dragon" this turn, you activated the effect of "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill". During the same turn, if that "Blue-Eyes Alternative White Dragon" leaves the field after its control was changed by the effect of "Creature Swap", the player who takes damage from the effect of "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill" is the one who controls the targeted monster when it leaves the field (in this scenario, since you were the controller of "Blue-Eyes Alternative White Dragon", you take 3000 damage).

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• Unaffected
  You can use "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill" targeting a monster unaffected by cards effects. In this scenario, the monster's effects won't be negated but the controller of that monster will still take damage when it leaves the field^[3].

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill"
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill" and changing control
3. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Ghost Mourner & Moonlit Chill" targets a monster that is unaffected

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Necrovalley All "Gravekeeper's" monsters gain 500 ATK/DEF. Cards in the GY cannot be banished. Negate any card effect that would move a card in the GY to a different place. Negate any card effect that changes Types or Attributes in the GY.

Effect interactions

• Text that determines Materials and Summoning procedures
  If you Special Summon a Special Summon Monster using the procedure described in its card text, this is not treated as a Special Summon performed by a card effect. Therefore, since this is not a card effect being applied to cards in the Graveyard (as described in "Necrovalley"'s text), you can Special Summon such monsters this way^[1].
  Example

  The following monsters have a Special Summoning procedure described at the beginning of their respective card text, which is not treated as an effect: "The Bystial Lubellion", "The Bystial Alba Los", "Mementoal Tecuhtlica - Combined Creation", "Infernoid Onuncu". However, note that the effect of Necrovalley that prevents players from banishing cards from the Graveyard is also applying. This prevents you from banishing cards from the Graveyard, regardless of whether a card effect is doing so. Therefore, in order to Special Summon "Infernoid Onuncu", you will need to banish 3 "Infernoid" monsters from your hand.

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• During the [X] Phase, [A]: Delayed effects
  An effect that resolves at a later point, moving a card(s) in the GY to a different place, can be activated when "Necrovalley" is face-up on the field and its effect will not be negated. If at the time of the delayed effect resolution "Necrovalley" is still face-up on the field, that effect won't resolve successfully and won't move any card in the GY. If on other hand "Necrovalley" is not face-up on the field anymore, then that effect resolves normally by moving a card(s) in the GY^[2].
  Example

  If "Harpie Oracle" is Normal or Special Summoned and activates its effect while the effect of "Necrovalley" is applying, as in this scenario, the effect will not be negated. However, if the effect of "Necrovalley" is applying during the End Phase when you apply "Harpie Oracle"'s effect, you cannot add an appropriate Spell/Trap Card from your Graveyard to your hand. (If the effect of "Necrovalley" has stopped applying by the time you reach the End Phase, you can add the Spell/Trap Card from your Graveyard to your hand normally)

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References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Necrovalley" and Special Summon monsters
2. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: Necrovalley and delayed effects

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Meteonis Drytron This card can be used to Ritual Summon any Ritual Monster from your hand or GY. You must also Tribute Machine monsters from your hand or field whose total ATK equal or exceed the ATK of the Ritual Monster you Ritual Summon. If this card is in your GY: You can target 1 "Drytron" monster you control; it loses exactly 1000 ATK until the end of your opponent's turn, and if it does, add this card to your hand. You can only use this effect of "Meteonis Drytron" once per turn.

• You cannot Ritual Summon a 0 ATK Ritual Monster^[1].

References:

1. YGOrg Database of Official OCG Rulings: "Meteonis Drytron"